Reserve Orenburg: izitshalo nezilwane, amasayithi umlando nemivubukulo

Orenburg esifundeni esisogwini izindawo umngcele lezifunda zoogeographical ezahlukene kanye nezindawo ezindawo. Ziningi izici kwaholela ekubeni okwakhe kanye ohlukile nezilwane zendawo.

Okubekiwe, ngaphansi kwesivikelo isimo, ziyafundisa (e ngemvelo), ucwaningo, ezesayensi, ejensi kwemvelo. Inhloso imisebenzi yabo ukuze alondoloze futhi ukutadisha ukunyakaza zemvelo kwezinqubo ezingokwemvelo noma izenzakalo. Futhi, ezindaweni ala maqembu is agcwaliswa isilwane Isikhwama genetic yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, kuncike kulondolozwe imiphakathi ngabanye kanye zama-flora nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, ahlukile noma izinhlelo ejwayelekile semvelo. Bhuka "Orenburg" - nayo iyathinteka kulokhu.

incazelo jikelele

kwakhiwa indawo Environmental by izingxenye ezine, inani endaweni okulingana ayizinkulungwane 21,7. Ha.

Orenburg Reserve iqukethe:

• "Talovskie asemaqeleni" - 3200 amahektha;
• "Burtinskaya asemaqeleni" - 4500 amahektha;
• "Aytuarskuyu asemaqeleni" - 6753 amahektha;
• "Aschisayskuyu asemaqeleni" - 7200 amahektha.

Zonke izindawo ahlelwe cishe endaweni ekuyi-latitude efanayo. -Longitude basuke bahlukana ngu 240, 380 no-75 km. Lokhu kwehlukana indawo avunyelwe ukwethula ngokugcwele izinhlobo eziyisisekelo landscape ezitholakala emaqeleni we Orenburg esifundeni.

Umlando sokudalwa

Ngokuqinisekile amacebo lokuqala enhlanganweni kwendawo evikelwe ezakhiwa emuva eko kwekhulu elidlule. Kodwa ngo-1975 baqala ukuba lusebenze. Umfutho wakhonza njengephayona ukutadisha omunye mikhankaso, ngenxa okuyinto itholiwe primordial asemaqeleni izwe Orenburg esifundeni. Ekugcineni, esiqiwini yasungulwa ngo-1989.

zezulu zone

On insimu ebusa ezomile sezulu yezwekazi. Amazinga isilinganiso 2.5 ° C. Isikhathi ungqoqwane we wokugodlwa izinsuku 130. Imvula yonyaka 390mm.

Aytuarskaya asemaqeleni

Insimu oluthatha indawo 6753 amahektha, it is isendaweni ibhange kwesokunxele emfuleni. Ural, ngasemngceleni wezwe bethu Kazakhstan. Kufika 60-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule emaqeleni enkulu yalesi babengamakhulu amabili nesizotha Kazakh usungulo. Asemaqeleni kanye edlelweni amapheshana esetshenziswa njengoba hayfields, kodwa yonke imisebenzi yezomnotho kuhoxisiwe namuhla. I okuhlukile ihhashi ipulazi kuphela, enzelwe ukukhiqiza high quality Aytuarke ngoba koumiss.

Orenburg reserve kule ndawo kubhekwa sezintaba kakhulu esigabeni. Kuyinto ingxenye Ural isandla eligoqiwe. Nezilwane imelelwa 38 ezinhlobo zezilwane. Endaweni ezivamile hamsters abavamile, loafers, slepushonki elula, birch amagundane, pikas. Zaziziningi izilwane kukhona ferrets asemaqeleni, izimpungushe. I izihlahla kanye emahlozini bok kuhlale zisagcwele izinyamazane, izingulube zasendle, amaphiva.

Kabanzi 106 zezinyoni, ziphawuleka ukuthi 41 aphume esidlekeni sazo. Ingabe Falconiformes obuningi, kuhlanganise kestrel ezincane, saker uheshe, ukhozi eyayinayo Buzzard, Pallid Harrier, Eagle. Kulesi indawo ye esiqiwini atholakala bustards kancane, partridges, izigwaca. Izinambuzane ethulwa ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo abalulwe Red Book of Russia.

indawo umlando nemivubukulo letigcogcwe ngaphambilini

Phakathi esiqiwini kukhona ezine olulodwa futhi indunduma ezimbili ecabangela ukungcwatshwa kwami. Vala imingcele indawo for ingqikithi 16 barrows ngokufanele.

Aschisayskaya asemaqeleni

Le ndawo itholakala ku endaweni ka 7200 amahektha, okuyizinto endaweni Svetlinskoye. Ngaphambili asemaqeleni kwaba elinganiselwe nedlelo izinkomo umthwalo, kwezinye izindawo kusetshenziswe njengoncedo hay.

Le ndawo impumuzo flat, flat, kancane ezitshekile. Beautiful Ngokuphambene Aschisayskoy asemaqeleni ukunikeza amawa relict, emikhulu, emikhulu, awekho ngaphansi ukusakaza umsebenzi nasemachibini amaningi.

Lokuhlola amanzi asemaqeleni agcwalise zimbalwa namachibi, okuyinto incike ivolumu ukugcwaliswa yamanzi Vernal incibilikiswa. Iningi labo umumo oyindilinga. Lena ngenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu, okuyinto uqhosha inqolobane uhlobo "Orenburg".

Lokho ivikelwe kule ndawo?

On masimu yahlakazeka 20 zezilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlobo 53 zezinyoni yokwakha isidleke. Phakathi abameleli nezilwane (yasendle), kwezinhlobo isici kakhulu kukhona squirrel encane, Izimbila, asemaqeleni polecat, marmot, impungushe. Phakathi izinyoni isinqumo ukwaba Belladonna, ukhozi asemaqeleni, Lark. amachibi asemaqeleni isidleke Ogar, Indwandwe, bittern.

Monuments of value umlando nemivubukulo

Ensimini ka esiqiwini kukhona indunduma, okuyinto, ngokusho nocwaningo, kungokwalabo imindeni ngasekupheleni abayimizulane ephakathi. ukuphakama kwalo 1 m, ububanzi - 20 m.

Burtinskaya asemaqeleni

Isayithi itholakala Preduralsky endaweni Orenbuzhya bangazihluphi indawo 4.500 Ha. Asemaqeleni phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet ngokwengxenye eziqhutshwa njengoba hay. Izoni sesikhashana siqukethe nosawoti kanye edlelweni amapheshana, amachibi Karst Koskol.

Asemaqeleni itholakala esifundeni esise-Ural empumalanga ke foredeep ethulwa inamagquma futhi zisuka emoyeni ziqonde ezitshekile sezwe. landscape Modern waqala ekwakheni iqembu lakhe kule Pliocene endaweni emathafeni. Ifomu eyinhloko yamanzi uhlukanisa ithafa kwaba Mueldy.

Amadwala evelele amelwa yezwekazi obomvu polymictic conglomerates. rocks Inhlabathi-ukwakha zihlukene. On the emithambekeni emaweni futhi emnene kukhona ezifakwa samanje eluvial of ukuthungwa esindayo.

Ngaphakathi indawo wembula eziyishumi izinhlobonhlobo zenhlabathi. Ngesisekelo inhlabathi ukwenza umhlabathi eningizimu black lendabuko. Umkhathizwe humus ifinyelela mayelana 38 cm, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-humus kuziwa 8%.

Inethiwekhi lokuhlola amanzi kahle kakhulu athuthukiswe futhi elinesimo ezikhiqizwa njalo. It imelelwa sifinyelela ongenhla emifuleni encane, imithombo, amanzi yesikhashana. Esikhathini indawo Ukuvikelwa, kukhona namachibi amabili Koskol nge imvelaphi Karst. Amanzi slabomineralizirovannaya.

Orenburg Reserve, lapho kukhona entwasahlobo Kaynar (e Burtinskaya asemaqeleni), kuyinto emaphandleni ekhexisayo. kakhulu Umthombo ukungezwa ezikhangayo esemqoka. indawo kwamanzi 15 m² wayo. Kuyinto enamandla, amangalisayo entwasahlobo voklyuznogo uhlobo ayigongobali ngisho ebusika.

Burtinskaya asemaqeleni kuthathwa njengesibikezelo esiyiso Preduralsky lokuma zisuka emoyeni ziqonde ezitshekile, namathafa elinamagquma. Le ndawo ethulwa esigodini-ugongolo, mezhsyrtovo-esigodini, syrt-upland sezwe izinhlobo.

Izitshalo asemaqeleni lakhomba inani izinsalela futhi edemikov gornostepnyh, ezifana clove Ural, astragalus Guelma, gornokolosnik okulumayo nabanye.

State Yemvelo Reserve "Orenburg" e Burtinskaya asemaqeleni azigcina abameleli abaningi yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. A ezihlukahlukene ekhethekile nengcebo nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Ingabe wacosha mayelana 120 zezinyoni, kuhlanganise 51 zinhlobo lokushutheka lisiphatheleni. Laba bameleli be-ejwayelekile amaningi abhekwa njengokudla bustard kancane, asemaqeleni ukhozi, crane demoiselle, kestrel, Belladonna, ukhozi obomvu ezinezinyawo, harrier, grouse emnyama.

Phakathi ezincelisayo ezitholakala 24 zinhlobo: izingwejeje, marmots, loafers, hamsters, izimvukuzane, pikas. Kulaba ezihuquzelayo kungenziwa kuphawulwe asemaqeleni lenyoka bog ufudu.

indawo umlando nemivubukulo letigcogcwe ngaphambilini

Ensimini zendunduma yokungcwaba, elingelakwaJuda isiko Sarmatian VII-III eminyaka. d. n. e. Itshe lesikhumbuzo itholakala ngezihlahla futhi lisendaweni eduze Mueldy inhlolovo uphawu "420,9 m." Lakhiwa emagqumeni 13, emibili yayo lilikhulu futhi sifinyelele ukuphakama 2.5 m ububanzi no 40 m Okunye izindunduma basuke kucishe :. Ukuphakama 0.8 m kanye ububanzi of 10 kuya ku-20 m.

Talovskaya asemaqeleni

Isayithi isendaweni wesigodi wokuqala we esifundeni, futhi ihlanganisa indawo ka 3200 amahektha. Kuze kube 1988 lapho owawuse a ngokulinganisela ziklabe amahhashi, izimvu kanye nezinkomo. Futhi, kukhona ihlobo yokupaka izimvu ziklabe khona eduze lapho nokwehliswa kwesithunzi izimila nomhlabathi watholakala.

Relief ezahlukene ukubukeka ethafeni, eyasungulwa ikakhulukazi Mesozoic. uhlobo Wanamuhla endaweni aluthola ngesikhathi eziNgekho ngaPhansi kukaHulumeni bedle denudation izinqubo oholele kuyanda zensimu.

Owenza rocks inikeza ejwayelekile ephakeme nosawoti ulwandle Clays. Le ndawo evikelwe sise yenguquko ukusuka chernozem ukuba amnyama onsundu nenhlabathi. Emithambekeni mnene futhi watersheds abengeke akheke nenhlabathi medium calcareous.

Orenburg Nature Reserve e ezahlukene asemaqeleni Talovskaya wavuma athuthukile Hydrography. River amanethiwekhi ivezwa yamanzi kuphela okwesikhashana. Kuyinto yizimbaxa imifula futhi Malaya Talovaya Sadomna, kuleyo nsimu, abanayo siwuthole njalo. Futhi abekho kuwukubonakaliswa komhlaba.

Talovskaya asemaqeleni uphawu lokuma emaqeleni Zavolzhskaya-Ural. Physical isakhiwo endaweni kwakhiwa syrt-plakor, interfluvial inamagquma futhi esigodini-uhlobo girder.

ezikhumbuzo umlando nemivubukulo ingxenye

On the indawo kukhona zendunduma yokungcwaba, okuthiwa zesiko Sarmatian. Kungatholakala kubhalwe ku umngcele enyakatho ntshonalanga isayithi ezingeni 198,9 m. Lena value eliyingqayizivele abavubukuli, okuhlanganisa inqolobane "Orenburg".

Umqondisi endaweni evikelwe

Oda sikaNgqongqoshe Natural Resources kanye Lemvelo ka Agasti wezwe 19, 2013 umqondisi esiqiwini yaqokwa Rafil Talgatovna Bakirov. Lena Uchwepheshe ezinkulu, PhD, umqondisi womsebenzi UN asemaqeleni ezingeni lesifunda, woprofesa, Inhloko yoMnyango zomthetho wendawo Agricultural University, okuyinto uyasebenzisana Reserve "Orenburg". Bakirov kuyahluka isithakazelo esiqotho impumelelo imisebenzi. Ingabe efaneleyo nokungapheleli esakuzuza amandla ongashi; yingakho endaweni evikelwe ngeke kuphela uchume.

Orenburg State Reserve kusezandleni ezinhle. Akungabazeki efaneleyo nokuzinikela umqondisi omusha. Nge umsebenzi kuqhutshwa esiqiwini ingatholakala abezindaba. Baqokomisa zezinqubo ezingokwemvelo ezenzeka kule asemaqeleni, izenzakalo zemvelo, imincintiswano, ukushicilela kanye nokukhangisa. Ngenxa yalesi inqolobane uhlobo izivakashi eziningi.

izinhlelo uhambo

Uma uvakashela isimo esingavamile letigcogcwe ngaphambilini abantu hhayi kuphela bajwayelane izimo esiyingqayizivele imvelo ezindaweni ezivikelekile. Phakathi nohambo, izivakashi ningakuqaphela fragility lobudlelwane yayo, kalula destructible ngaphansi kwethonya yomuntu.

Kuze kube manje, esiqiwini angaya ngokusebenzisa zemfundo futhi ulwazi imizila emine uhambo. Lokhu "Timeless Umhlaba" Trans-Urals, Trans-iVolga esifundeni, Urals eningizimu, Urals.

izilwane

Bhuka "Orenburg" has a nezilwane okuyinto kubhekwa ejwayelekile endaweni wendawo. It imelelwa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo izilwane asemaqeleni:

• Lun.
• Kestrel.
• Belladonna.
• Bustard.
• Lemming.
• Slepushonki nokunye.

Orenburg Reserve, izilwane kanye nezitshalo okuyizinto ngaphansi ukuvikelwa okukhethekile, iqukethe izinto eziningi eziphilayo nobuntu lezihlahla ihlathi zone. Lokhu igundane European Hedgehog, izimbila, lynx, kestrel, isitokwe ijuba, grouse Scops Owl, ukhuni ijuba. Futhi, endaweni nokongiwa owakhiwe futhi abameleli semi ehlane, ngokukhethekile, inhloli nesikhova esinamadlebe amade, inyoni encane. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona omele eliqhakazile emathafeni zinhlobo - isikhova, mini ngekhephu.

indawo yasendle Modern wehlukile futhi kuqhathaniswa ocebile. Lapha ethulwa ezincelisayo - mayelana 48 zilwane, izinyoni - 190 zama-silwane - 7 izinhlobo izilwane zasemhlabeni - 5 kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi - 6 zilwane, 1,000 zama-izinambuzane. Orenburg Reserve, ogama isithombe aboniswe ngezansi, ukunakekela wonke ecosystem.

Ukuze ezincelisayo zihlanganisa izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ezidla, 23 - namagundane 3 - amalulwane 9 - okuzingela 4 - artiodactyla, 2 - lagomorphs. Mayelana 15 zezintaka lezi zilwane ezivamile zonke izindawo zone evikelwe. Phakathi kwabo, marmots, phansi izingwejeje, izimvukuzane, amagundane, lemming, amagundane birch, jerboa, impungushe, impisi, nonogwaja, Izimbila, polecat, uchakide, Korsak.

Flora

Bhuka "Orenburg" iqukethe ezingaphezu kuka-600 zezinhlanzi okuqondene ezimileni. Lesi sibalo imayelana 40% inani eliphelele zama-flora ezikhulayo kulo lonke ensimini. Phakathi kwabo okukhulu indima izenzakalo ezisengozini. Ngo-Red Incwadi yezwe oluthathwa 23 zezitshalo. Izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezimila ezihlala endaweni nokongiwa, ubheke entabeni-asemaqeleni Petrophytes isib kopeechnik serebrolistny, clove Ural, astragalus Guelma, Silene Bashkir.

Bhuka "Orenburg" anencazelo ekhethekile ukuze izwe lethu. On insimu yalo babekwazi ukulondoloza uhlelo esiyingqayizivele emvelweni ebukeka zone asemaqeleni upland. Kuyinto izwe lapho kungekho ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka, umbuso imvelo nokuvumelana, okuyinto kubalulekile ukulondoloza.