Reftinskaya le ngozi: ubani okufanele asolwe?

Isidingo isimo amandla wesifunda isitshalo (GRES esifushanisiwe) owasungula kudala. Ingxenye enkulu Izakhiwo zokuhlala nendawo yezimboni abadinga ugesi nsuku zonke. It TPP ungahlangana cishe busuke sebukhule ngokuphelele lesi sidingo. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka at amandla izimo eziphuthumayo. Ziningi izizathu ezabangela lokho, kodwa abameli eyinhloko imishini bafake. Iyathinteka futhi Reftinskaya GRES, yengozi okuyinto ilethe izinkinga.

Mfushane amandla Reftinskaya

Reftinskaya State District Power Plant - kwekulu ezishisayo amandla plant ku Russian Federation. It iseningizimu esifundeni Sverdlovsk, 2.5 km kusuka Reftinsky zokuhlala.

amandla nomthamo 3800 MW. Okokhelekayo uhlobo - Ekibastuz amalahle nge value calorific ka 16.3 MJ / kg. Njengoba kokuqala uwoyela izenzo nophethiloli.

TPP usumisiwe ugesi ezindaweni kwezezimboni Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Perm futhi Chelyabinsk izifunda. ukwakhiwa isikhungo sikagesi waqala ngo-1963, ngo-1970 kwethulwa ibutho lokuqala ngo-1980 - the last.

Umlando sokuphehla amandla

Ngisho emuva ngo-1963 abadali esizayo Reftinskaya isimo wesifunda amandla plant lawela eduze nedolobha asbhestosi. Ngo ehlathini enjalo iye yaletha baba nesifiso ukuthola ekahle ukwakhiwa isayithi amandla plant. Futhi zifiseleka: ngawo lowo nyaka, lapho iye okhandwe ngesando emhlabathini, isikhonkwane sokuqala, okwaphawula ukuqala ukwakhiwa.

Ngalé kwalokho, njengoba lesi sitshalo amandla Kwakhiwani, balandela ngentshiseko iKomiti Yesifunda Sverdlovsk. isipiliyoni Umhlaba, okungcono isixazululo lobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi - yonke imizamo okulondolozwe ukuklanywa isakhiwo ngokwaso. Mashi 1967 wabona kubekwa imitha lokuqala cubic ngokhonkolo e isisekelo isitshalo esizayo.

Kusukela ngo-1970 kuya ku-1980, omunye ngemva komunye, ngemva ukuhlolisisa, umkhankaso amayunithi. Labe ezweni lonke, kwaba sobala ukuthi isimo samandla wesifunda plant umxhwele kakhulu, ngoba amandla ayo ifinyelele irekhodi eliphezulu 3,800 MW. Nge ukusebenza ezifana Umthombo nezidingo wonke esifundeni Ural.

Isisetshenziswa Reftinskaya

Sokuphehla amandla isebenzisa izinhlelo ezilandelayo:

1. Uphethiloli supply. It ufezwa ukulethwa amalahle ngesitimela. Okokhelekayo sidla esebenzisa isiteshi ngogandaganda uqobo. iziqukathi ahlukene ngqo isitokwe TPP abelwe isitoreji uwoyela nophethiloli.
2. Kwamanzi. Ensimini ka sokuphehla amandla kuyinto Echibini lwaluyophola izinhlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sebenzisa amanzi eyanele ngokujulile.
3. umlotha umfutholuketshezi. Ash futhi slag isuswe ngokusebenzisa amapayipi abazinikezele zingena ezindaweni zazo ukuze imfucuza.
4. ukwelashwa Amanzi. Ngenxa yale njongo, esiteshini has a demineralizer.
5. ukuqapha nokulawula uhlelo. It eyenziwa amapulangwe ukulawula amadivayisi we imishini. Kukhona eyodwa ebhodini ukuze wonke amayunithi ezimbili.
6. igesi uhlanzekile uhlelo. Ukuze sifinyelele ubumsulwa igesi esetshenziswa electrostatic precipitators, uhlu esesikhundleni okufanele kwabelwane ngazo.

I ekhumbulekayo 2006 amandla ukusebenza?

Ngobusuku obandulela 2007, akekho owayengenza ukubikezela lokho Reftinskaya GRES (ingozi zonke washaqeka) ngokuzumayo ehluleka. Kwakuwusuku ekupheleni kukaDisemba, emoyeni ngoba umoya kaNcibijane kubalulekile, ngokungazelelwe - esiphuthumayo. Okokuqala ukubhubhisa okweshumi amandla iyunithi, umlilo futhi wabanjwa, ophahleni banyukubala. Ukulandela eyawa amabhlogo lwesikhombisa lesishiyagalombili. Umbutho lesishiyagalolunye ngokuvamile lalungiswa.

Yiqiniso, lezi zenzakalo ziye kakhulu ziyancipha ukusebenza ngamandla. Futhi wonke Sverdlovsk amandla uhlelo kwaba ngaphansi izinsolo ezibucayi kungathembeki.

Ngokusho imiphumela eyatholakala yikomidi yomnyango kuphethwa ukulahlekelwa wahlupheka ngamandla, futhi wenzé ruble ezingaphezu kuka-237 million. Kodwa akekho oseke asola ukuthi ingozi Reftinskaya 2006 - akulona kuphela hhayi zokugcina.

Agasti 2016: waletha?

Indoda Ufika esetshenziswa konke. Okungukuthi, ngisho nalapho konke kusenjalo aphume amandla eduze nemizana esiteshini, abantu baye basabela ngaphezulu gruffly kuka ethukile: "ingozi Nalapha at Reftinskaya - fly ikhanda ...". Isimiso Sokuthungatha Tyumen futhi Sverdlovsk izifunda anganikeza ngokugcwele ezifundeni zabo, okuyinto abazange, umane inqanyuliwe main amandla igridi.

Ngenxa yokwenza izindodla amandla, akumangazi ukuthi kukhona khona insalela. Abantu Kungenzeka uqaphele esiphuthumayo. Yingakho nje nomuntu abangenalwazi bangase bazibuze ukuthi kwenzekani, usho okuthile okunjengokuthi: "Ukwesabeka! Reftinskaya, ingozi - delirium, akukwazi "!.

Ngenxa nekusebenta kweluhlelo Ukuvikelwa imishini, ke ivaliwe. Wawunodonga cishe namthelela ukusebenza kwamandla izinhlelo. Iyathinteka wayengekho.

Le ngozi abathintekayo ukulungela amayunithi wendawo ezempi?

Ngokusho imithombo ethembekile, ngisho ingozi ngesikhathi bahluleka Reftinskaya 22.08.2016 ngonyaka ngandlela-thile uphatheke kabi umsebenzi amayunithi lempi. Xunqamukile amandla supply samanje, kodwa ngesikhathi kuqubuka kungenzeka Ukukhipha kusukela main ngamandla uhlelo, zonke izinto ze-Russian Federation eMnyango Wezokuvikela ziye uxhumeke azimele wodwa isipele imithombo.

Lesi simo akazange anikeze inkinga unsolvable. Naphezu ukuphazamiseka (okuyinto ngenhlanhla senzeka futhi ezindaweni weRiphabhulikhi-Altai, Khakassia, Buryatia, njll), The ukulwa ukulungela amayunithi lempi ayizange ithuthuke.

Yikuphi izinkampani ubuhlungu?

"Sibur" namanje labhekana ukulahlekelwa. Inkampani Its ephambili "Tomskneftekhim" waphoqeleka ukuba sokumisa ukukhiqizwa; engakwenza iyona imvamisa ukuphambuka ngoba Reftinskaya ingozi. Ngamanye amazwi, lo undervoltage samanje. Ngenxa impendulo okusheshayo izinhlelo zokuzivikela, yonke imishini iye okwesikhashana ucishiwe ngakhoke abephule.

Ngisho nasezikhathini Tomskneftekhim i abasebenzi isimo okungavamile ' "Akazange atatazele waqala ukuphakamisa isidumo. Kwakuthinta ngokushesha ihlolwe ukuba khona usongo imvelo futhi abantu. Lezi izinsongo bebengekho, kanye emva kwesikhashana inkampani uqalisiwe ukukhiqizwa.

Ukubuyisela amandla

Kwake kwaba khona ukwehluleka letindzala, Reftinskaya TPP basukumela phezulu bafuna ukuzama kabusha kwegezi kuyinto abathengi yasekhaya. Enterprises ka "Lukoil" endaweni Urals; "Tomskneftekhim"; izinto eziningi ku Omsk futhi eKemerovo izifunda - bonke ababesele wangaba namandla. amahora ambalwa kuphela kamuva ephethwe ukusungula ugesi kubo bonke abathengi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe ngehora lesi kusihlwa Reftinskaya ungakaqali umsebenzi amayunithi kwethulwa futhi izinhlelo liqine. Okungukuthi, kusukela mzuzu le ngozi yokutakula sekuyaphela senzeka nje kwamahora ambalwa. Ungakwazi zibabaza abasebenzi promptness amandla plant!

Ubani ongalalela baphelelwe amandla?

Njengoba Ministry of Energy we Russian Federation libike ukuthi ukukhubaza ezinye imigqa amandla. Phakathi kwabo, "Tyumen-Nelym", "Imvukuzane-Tatarka" nabanye. Futhi umucu okungenhla yesibili iye ngokuzenzakalelayo uqale kabusha kuhlulekile.

ESiberia mass insiza kubaluleke kakhulu amasu. Labo amayunithi lempi, isibonelo. Shiya kubo ngaphandle ugesi kanye ukukhiqizwa - kusho ukuthini kuncike usongo futhi ngokuya ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo ezidingekayo, futhi ingxenye ukulwa amakhono.

Ngenxa yalokho okwenzeka short circuit inethiwekhi kagesi (ingozi Reftinskaya TPP akakwazanga ukuwuvimba) babengakwazi eza isimo ukusebenza. Nakuba sase siphendukile, iningi okusezingeni eliphezulu-voltage imigqa, kukhona futhi enqaba ukusebenza.

Ingabe ikhona ingozi kabusha ukuthungela?

Ngokungangabazeki, le ndaba yokungaziphathi isithakazelo kwabaningi, ikakhulukazi abasebenzi ngokwabo isimo amandla wesifunda sitshalo Sverdlovsk esifundeni. Kodwa singaphetha ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ukuhlaziya kakade azigcina umlilo nophahla nciphisa: ematfuba ukwehluleka okuphindaphindiwe kuphezulu kakhulu. imishini esiteshini ayisaxhunyanisiwe washintsha. Yebo, e kwamaSoviet, kwaba umklamo engcono, kodwa kusukela ngaleso sikhathi izinto ziye zaya, esikhundleni ubuchwepheshe kwekhulu yeta zanamuhla. Akukona nje kule imibono imishini emisha. Uma isabelomali akukucabangeli uphethwe ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nokulungiswa imishini futhi ukufaka kanye esikhundleni the wire efanayo, ukukhiqizwa okuholela kungavela laphinde labhidlika.

Khumbula ukuthi amayunithi amandla uNkulnkulu 30-40 ubudala. Babengakadedi sithathelwe indawo noma okungenani kulungiswe enkulu. Lezi zici zingaba isidingo sokugcina ukuphepha ngendlela ngokuphelele. Okusho ukuthi, uma hhayi sesimanje, okungenani impendulo ngokushesha esiphuthumayo. Phela, ngisho ngesikhathi esilandelayo ophahleni nciphisa kuyoba amayunithi embalwa ngobuningi, ngawo sizokwazi ekuphehleni ugesi.

Reftinskaya, le ngozi okwenzeka ngo-2016, akukaze kudingeke ngempela isikhathi sokusukuma kusukela eziphuthumayo zokugcina ngo-2006. Khona-ke imiphumela babe ngoyisiwula kusinda kakhulu. Yebo, nokuningi - ruble abangaba izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili abiza esiteshini yokutakula.

Ukulandela umlilo ungakwazi ukuvimbela TPP isikhathi eside, uma kwakuke kwenzeke.

Uma sicabanga ukuthi lo mbuso ngisho kule wombuso usengakwazi ngobuningi ukunikeza ezindaweni eziningana, kuyacaca ukuthi kuyafaneleka utshalomali sesimanje iziteshi. Sidinga ukwenza konke okusemandleni ukuze yisiqubulo le nhlangano le nkulumo kanje: "Reftinskaya GRES - wabusa engozini!". Phela, uma kungekho kwamandla ke lonke lelo zwe ngeke cwe ukwehluleka, kokubili ukukhiqiza futhi isayensi, nakwezinye izindawo.