RAF-2203: Ukubuyekezwa nabanikazi, izincazelo, izithombe

"Rafik 2203" - intandokazi abashayeli abaningi, ngisho namuhla usehlane imiphefumulo yabo ezidlule. Futhi ngisho namanje, lapho le imodeli ayisekho ekukhiqizeni lokhu van kusalokhu amakhophi esibalulekile ezingavamile kubalandeli of Retro kanye zakudala.

Nimble futhi ezikwazi RAF-2203

RAF imodeli 2203 yadalwa ngezinsuku Riga kusuka 1976 kuya ku-1987. It wawuhloselwe kuhambisane netinhloso. Ngokuvamile kuba imoto esetshenziswa njengoba Shuttle izimoto, ama-ambulensi, ukunakekelwa ngezokwelashwa njengoba izimoto civil kanye nenkampani.

ikhumbi Isakhiwo RAF-2203 - nqola. Ingaphakathi layo siqukethe 2 izigaba:

1. gumbi Front lapho umshayeli itholakala futhi isihlalo esisodwa nomuntu.
2. gumbi engemuva, ifakwe ayisishiyagalolunye umgibeli izihlalo, okuyiwona kukhona umthwalo isikhala.

Mangisho ukuthi phezu ikhumbi Izibuyekezo RAF-2203 akhayo kakhulu. Abantu okwadingeka isebenze kule "Rafiki," ungangifihleli intshiseko yabo mayelana isihloko imoto. Ngokusho kwabo, umshini omkhulu womkhoba, ngesivinini, eyizingqabavu futhi ukonga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kakhulu ukunconywa Yakha ezinhle, maneuverability kakhulu futhi vortkost at ematfuba bese esenza sibe ukushayela lithambe.

Engine - nhliziyo imoto

injini Raf-2203 nge carburetor uphethiloli supply, okwakubekelwa ifakwe imoto, abasebenza uphethiloli. Ngenxa yalesi imodeli siye sasebenzisa injini kusuka Gaz-24. Laliqhele ngaphambili futhi ushayela lamasondo angemuva. Injini kwadingeka ilungiselelo uxhumekile kwi-inthanethi, valve 4 futhi 8 amasilinda. Empeleni, mangisho ukuthi le imodeli ifakwe ezimbili izinhlobo izinjini:

• ZMZ 2401;
• ZMZ 402-10.

Lokho injini yesibili kwaba namandla kakhulu, kwaba umehluko kuphela phakathi kwawo. Nokho, kwakukhona eyodwa ngaphezulu ehilelekile ehlukile - injini lokuqala abasebenza uphethiloli AI-76, kanti eyesibili - ku AI-93.

Manual ukudluliswa 4-speed has a synchronizers ikhumbi kuwo wonke amagiya phambili, ezisabalele isevisi ukudluliswa "Rafik".

Imoto kungenzeka ukufinyelela isivinini okwakukhona eziyikhulu namashumi amabili - ayikhulu namashumi amathathu ngehora.

Umzimba kanye nokumisa ikhumbi

Umzimba-RAF-2203 - izithelo, zonke-metal. Imoto has 4 olulodwa-leaf iminyango:

• 2 wabo - ngakwesokudla - zenzelwe umgibeli boarding;
• umnyango ngakwesokunxele iwukuba umshayeli;
• umnyango ezingemuva inikeza ukufinyelela isikhala umthwalo.

Sprung ukumiswa ikhumbi ngenxa yokushaqeka wezinciphisi, kanye uhlelo ukubopha "Rafik" ukuthi wakwenza simiso sigubhu amabhuleki efakwe zonke amasondo amane umshini. Uma kudingeka, bazilungisele umshini RAF-2203 kungenziwa kwadingeka eziteshini eziningi ezifuywayo.

Ukukhiqizwa - Latvia

Iningi imodeli kuqala ukukhiqiza amancane izithombe RAF-2203 okuyinto ungabona kulesi sihloko, baye bathuthela phansi line inhlangano entsha Latvian imoto ifektri e-December 1975. Futhi ngonyaka ozayo wavulwa Green Street ekukhiqizeni kwabo mass. Ngemva konyaka umiphi elihambayo kanye ukuguqulwa ahlukene - Umqeqeshi yesimo esiphuthumayo yezokwelapha RAF-22031.

Lapho ukuguqulwa imoto njengoba evenini, ke umthamo ikuvumela ukuba ukuthwala abantu nanye ilandelana. Ngenxa lokhu kanye nezinye izimfanelo nezinye RAF-2203 iye yasakazwa kabanzi kuyo yonke i-USSR. Ngemva kokuhlakazwa lizwe ezifundazweni ahlukene, lezi ezimotweni ziye lwaludlula onobuhle omusha, ikakhulukazi imoto "Gazel". Kodwa ezinye zezinhlobo isesekhona kwamanye amazwe ayengaphansi Union.

Ezinye Ukucaciswa imoto

idatha yobuchwepheshe Ubukhulu RAF-2203 zimi kanje:

1. Ubude imoto 4 ifinyelela 980 m cm ububanzi - 2 m 035 cm, futhi ukuphakama umshini - 1 m 970 cm.
2. Landelela amasondo phambi "rafika" - 1 m 474 cm, ithrekhi ezingemuva - 1 m 420 cm.
3. ikhumbi IMisa ngamathuluzi - 1670 kg.
4. Isisindo sayo okwedlulele - 2710 kg.
5. I umshini emotweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umoya nomusi kaphethiloli injini, 4 cylinder ZMZ 2203 / 2,445 amalitha.
6. Inani lezihlalo - 11, plus umshayeli.
7. Ibanga unyathela amabhuleki ngesivinini 60 km / h kuyinto 25,8 m.
8. eziphephile Front 1 m 200 cm.
9. eziphephile engemuva - 120cm 1 m kuphela.
10. Umshini ukuphakama izinyathelo ezingenhla phansi - 40 cm.
11. Dry olulodwa-disc bamba.
12. gearbox Manual.
13. Umfutholuketshezi ukushaqeka ezidayiswayo.
14. Spring Front ukumiswa Independent on wishbone.
15. Oncikile ukumiswa ezingemuva ku longitudinal semi elliptic leaf iziphethu.

Izici ikhumbi RAF

Yazisa wonke minibuses lapho abantu ngothando ngokuthi "Rafiki" kwahluka oyindilinga phambi bumper ngaphandle "Amazinyo", ukhiphela amafasitela iminyango yangaphambili, jikelele izibani emhlophe phezu kophahla, round lingena umbono ngezibuko nezingodo ze-chrome ezinamasondo ofeleba akwazi ukugcina, njengasezulwini "iVolga" Gaz -21.

Ngaphambi kwaqedwa ngo-1976 ikhumbi serial RAF-2203 laqedwa yasekuqaleni okusezingeni eliphezulu insimbi panel, ifakwe dials round. Ngo-1977, imodeli usezuze kuqokwe ithimba elisha nge cluster ithuluzi, uthethe kusukela Gaz-24. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwanqunywa ukuba ayiyeke le ukuzwakalisa, etholakala ngaphansi kwewindi maphakathi ohlangothini imbobo.

Izibuyekezo "Rafiki"

Ebhekisela yokuthi abantu bakhuluma ngani RAF-2203. Izibuyekezo nabanikazi, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kuhle kakhulu. Kukhona ezinye ezincane ezingaba ibhekwe lokususa, kodwa abawona Ubaluleke isimo jikelele. Abamele izinkampani, kanye labo atholwe RAF ibhizinisi, wagomela ngokuthi inikezwe intengo eliphansi umshini, buyela okukhazimulayo wakhe. Lena okokuqala, futhi okwesibili, yokuthi okubalulekile ukungabi zezinkinga izingxenye ezisele. Cishe yonke into oyidingayo, ukulingana imoto "iVolga", ngaphandle yensimbi umzimba.

okuthembekile "ithangi" Little - kangaka okuthiwa abanye abashayeli-RAF-2203. Izibuyekezo wabanikazi anesizotha benamandla maqondana nalolu ngokuzenzakalela Bani ezibulala ngomsebenzi. Abanye baphawula ukuthi kubantu kukhona okwaziyo ukhululekile emotweni, ngakho usuyijwayele mhlawumbe nje usuku olulodwa. Nakuba kwideshibhodi akuyona esikalini amaphuzu aphezulu, kodwa iningi kubhekwe ke ngempela elula. High phansi imvume asilungiselela ikhumbi ushayela ku emgwaqeni owubhuqu.

Kusukela ezimbi ukusho ukuthi nge nokusingatha ebusika kancane nakakhulu, kodwa, futhi, lapho kudingeka umkhuba. Ngokuphrakthiza okuncani umshayeli, nangekhono kuyofika. Njengoba lokususa waphawula nokuthi ume phambi injini, yingakho evenini isisindo dengwane ngezihluthu ingxenye yalo. Futhi-ke, ukuze bokwenza zihlanganisa okusezingeni eliphezulu petrol RAF-2203.

Izici ikhumbi (lokho evumile zonke ukukhuluma), njengoba lokhu imoto engabizi futhi esiwusizo kakhulu, kwenze kahle amabhizinisi amancane.

Qala ukukhiqizwa imodeli 2203

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-60-yalolucwaningo we Latvian embonini yezimoto wazibonela ukushoda inhlekelele isikhala ukukhiqizwa. Ngenxa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo kuleli zwe elikhulu ngamaloli amancane kwakungenakwenzeka. Futhi ngakho ngo-1969 saqala ukwakhiwa isitshalo entsha, esemgwaqweni km 25 babeza besuka eRiga, emzini Jelgava.

Empeleni, lesi sitshalo giant ekuqaleni zaklama futhi zakha izindawo ngaphansi imodeli entsha yashayisana futhi ahlome kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi imishini yesimanje. Ngokusemthethweni, ukukhiqizwa iqala umsebenzi wayo ngo-1976. Kwakungenxa lowo nyaka eqala ukukhiqiza zokukhiqiza yesiriyali evenini ne Inkomba 2203.

ekukhiqizweni

Njengoba ijubane ukukhiqizwa evenini "Rafiq-2203" kwengce kakhulu lizinga esasisandulele, imodeli 977. Ngo-1984, ngo-February, lesi sitshalo kwaveza eziyikhulu iminyaka engu-senkulungwane RAF-2203 - futhi lokhu emva kweminyaka 9 kuphela ngemva kokuqala zokukhiqiza chungechunge!

Esikhathini eminyakeni ezayo 80 embonini e Jelgava bukhicite cishe 17,000 ezimotweni ngonyaka. Ngenxa yale njongo nabo babehileleke futhi zonke izitolo ubudala futhi umzimba kwamabhizinisi e Riga, kodwa ikakhulu manje uya yabadobi batch encane izimoto kuma-oda ekhethekile. Riga ngokwakho design ehhovisi, futhi Special Bureau senzelwe sokuhlola.

izikhathi umlando

Izimoto zokuqala RAF anezici zabo, ezifana izibani ezisemaceleni zikhanya ka Gaz-24 futhi khona isibonakaliso ifektri umnyango labaqaphi elingemuva. Kufika ithuba lika-1978-1979 kwaphawulwa esikhundleni the yokukhanya we "iVolga" esihlanganisiwe ibhasi ukuphinda ematfuba, plus isibonakaliso zalesi sihlahla lasuswa kusukela emnyango emuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe iminyaka engu-10 amancane ekhiqizwa kuleli fomu, ngaphandle kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko eziphawulekayo kakhulu.

Quality uphawu ngesikhathi isiqongo izuzwe

Ngo-1979, i-ukukhiqizwa yayo isitshalo RAF wathola State Quality Mark. Kodwa kwabanye, Okuxakayo ngakwesokudla ngemva ukuthi izinga ekhiqizwa njalo ngonyaka izimoto banyukubala. Plant ngokuya baqala ukuthola izikhalazo, izikhalazo kanye nezicelo, ikakhulukazi indawo kusuka kubanikeli ukunakekelwa kwezempilo abasebenzisa ambulensi. Lesi sigameko ezingemnandi ezenzeka esikhathini-February 1986, khona-ke gospriomka cishe mayelana 13% ezimotweni ezintsha wabuya simila ukuqeda ukukhubazeka itholiwe.

Ukungavumelani phakathi abaphathi

Futhi ngo-1986 phakathi ukuphathwa zalesi sihlahla athuthukile ingxoxo emphakathini. Ngokucijile ephakanyiswe isihloko nje ngokuthinta izimbangela nokwehla komthwalo izinga ukukhiqizwa imoto Jelgava. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nempi wafika isinqumo ukuthi ukuthuthukisa lesi simo, isitshalo akudingi nje kuphela ukukhululwa kwe onobuhle entsha ezimotweni, kodwa futhi omunye wabaqondisi.

Ngemuva kokhetho ke olwenziwa kwaba Viktor IBossert. Mayelana nomkhosi wokuhlanganisa Riga Autobus Factory etholakele Isabelo Sezimali SikaZwelonke izimali ezinkulu Imininingwane kokuthuthukisa lobuchwepheshe imfuneko ukuba onobuhle ekhiqizwa, kuhlanganise i-RAF-2203, Ukucaciswa ziye yathuthuka kakhulu.

discontinuance

Ngemva iSoviet Union iwa, i-RAF isitshalo, njengabanye efanayo zezimboni Baltic imidondoshiya abaningi bavele esasizobhujiswa. Break ne Russia akazange ukudlala ezandleni ukukhiqizwa. Ngenxa nomjikelezo zalesi sihlahla yafuna zosizo ezivela eRussia, futhi lokho kusebenza kuwo cishe zonke izingxenye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, namanje ngenxa ukudabuka of ubudlelwano ne-Russia, emakethe kwehle kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho kwadingeka ukukhiqizwa ukuba usike ngaphambi ukukhululwa izimoto ayizinkulungwane 4-5 ngonyaka.

Ukuzama ukusinda futhi ingaziki, ukuphathwa sitshalo benza imizamo bandise mkhiqizo. Ukwethulwa ukukhiqizwa eziningana ezintsha Umbuso izimoto kanye minibuses izinjongo ezikhethekile ngesisekelo RAF-2203. amaqembu amancane siyakukuyekela ezimotweni RAF-2920, ama-utility pickups RAF-3311, kanye nezinye izimoto. Kodwa ngeshwa, efana ukukhiqizwa impumelelo izinyathelo akuzange kulethe, ngoba, eqinisweni, kakhulu base imodeli "Rafiq-2203" kakade ngempela ngendlela engenathemba yisikhathi ngaleso sikhathi.

Ukukhiqizwa block "Rafik" ivaliwe Final

1993 kwaphawula ukuqala ukukhiqizwa Nizhny Novgorod "iNsephe", okuholela lesi sitshalo aseBaltic, okuthela "Rafiki" ekugcineni saphuthelwa yiwo ngemakethe yalo enkulu - eRussia. Local, ie izakhamuzi Baltic nayo ikakhulukazi yabonisa isithakazelo sabo imikhiqizo, izintandokazi zabo zanikwa b / u bezimoto iNtshonalanga Yurophu.

Usizo amabhizinisi angashintsha imodeli eziyisisekelo, ikakhulukazi kusukela emhlabeni ngasekupheleni '80s, ifektri wadala umqondo 2 nje yesimanje, lokhu "Roxanne" futhi "Steeles". Letindlela balindele okukhulu. Kodwa ukuya ukukhiqizwa yabo mass, kwakudinga sesimanje olukhulu inkampani kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu. Kuyaqhubeka ukuthungathwa umtshali wemali uyobe ungazange yimpumelelo, inani kwaveza "Rafikov" nyangazonke baba ezincane futhi lakhula izikweletu isitshalo.

Okwamanje kwafika ngo-1997 ngesikhathi aseBaltic isitshalo RAF ezikhishwe batch yayo yakamuva imikhiqizo, futhi entwasahlobo ka-1998, inkampani yamemezela ezikweletini. Lapha kulesi futhi laqedwa indaba evenini mass emlandweni eSoviet Union, futhi nalo yaphela umlando isiLatvia imoto umkhakha.