Laz-697 "izivakashi": ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe. amabhasi phakathi kwamadolobha

Kusukela ekudalweni yayo futhi kuze 1955 ku ezahlukene ukukhiqizwa Lviv Bus Plant kubo. iminyaka engu-50 yase-USSR lalinabashumayeli: Cranes kanye izingxenye ezisele, izimoto kagesi, chassis trailer ngokwabo trailer, trailer ezikhethekile zokuhamba lwesinkwa, izimoto, ezimotweni, izitolo mobile trailer ... Ngokuvamile sitjalo esikhiqiza lutho, ngaphandle amabhasi ngokwabo. Futhi 17 kuphela Agasti 1955 isitshalo iseluleko eziphusile komhlangano zabathola abantu ababenze. inqubomgomo kanye indlela yokuthuthuka ukwenziwa amabhasi kanye nabaqeqeshi.

Prototypes Laz amabhasi

Ikakhulukazi ibhasi umshayeli isitshalo usethe efektri KB, ukuphathwa okuyinto bathunyelwe V Osepchugovu. -Bureau eyinhloko ochwepheshe wethulwa umklami young, esanda kuphothula yezimoto umkhakha izikhungo.

Ekuqaleni Laz wayehlose ukuqala ukukhiqizwa umfuziselo ophelele owenziwa nguJesu ibhasi ZIS-155. Nokho, i-wokuvelela abasha ithimba CB kwaba sebekubeke ngokumelene themba, futhi yaphakanyiswa ukudalwa imoto yakhe. Umqondo sasekelwa eenkhundleni eziphezulu zokuphatha, kanye ngqo Laz emsebenzini akazange aqale kusukela ekuqaleni, kwathengwa ngesikhathi abaqeqeshi zakamuva European: "Magirus", "Neoplan" futhi "Mercedes". Factory onjiniyela kubo ngokoqobo adiliza ngezikulufo, ukutadisha ngokucophelela nesakhiwo nezimpawu zokuhlela yokungenisa izimoto.

Ngenxa yalokho, ekupheleni 1955 ibhasi sibonelo kwaba Sekukancane. Ngokokuqala ngqá lalisetshenziswa base amandla, ehlanganisa tube esasinegunya cross kwesigaba elingunxande. Nge isisekelo ngokuqinile baxhumane isakhiwo ibhasi umzimba. Imoto yezimoto, okwakuyindawo eseyintsha, elise longitudinally langemuva ingxenye.

Wheel ukumiswa CB isitshalo achazwayo ngokubambisana nabe-US onjiniyela. Kwakuyisikhathi ezivamile, entwasahlobo-entwasahlobo isakhiwo, okuyinto ukuqina inyuka kulingana okwandisa umthwalo. Ngakho-ke, degree of ukucinana we ibhasi akuphazamisi induduzo abagibeli travel. Kwaba esinye futhi isici esasenza imishini Lviv.

Ngo-1956, kanye isitshalo iphuma emshinini idolobha lokuqala Laz-695, futhi yaba sibonelo ngekusasa elide ukulungiswa.

Ukuqala "izivakashi" endleleni

Ekwindla ka-1958 Lviv Automobile Plant ikhiphe amabhasi prototype isikhathi eside-ibanga nezokuxhumana. Ngenxa yokuthi. ukuthi umshini kuzosetshenziswa i donsa eside, wathi index olunezinombolo wathola kwalokho - "The izivakashi". Amapholisa athi ibhasi le entsha kwaba umkhiqizo ahlangene ngemoto-US Institute of design onjiniyela.

Ngaphezu "The izivakashi" uye wathola eziningi izinguquko design ukuthi lihlukaniswe sibonelo (Laz-695), abaklami baye bazama ukudala ezenza abagibeli.

Bulkhead iminyango esisogwini zombili emaphethelweni gumbi, indawo single leaf, ephumela ngesandla. Esishelelayo ophahleni imoto benza.

Ukuze sezulu ingaphakathi Laz-697 "izivakashi" ukuhlangabezana izinhlelo ezimbili:

• Ukushisa air heater uhlobo;
• ukupholisa ophoqelelwe, ifakwe humidifier.

Salon ibalwa izihlalo 33.

Isihlalo umgibeli kwaba design ngempela ukhululekile backrest adjustable. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlalo ngasinye ifakwe: ngabanye bubble ebusuku ukukhanyisa igridi eyenzelwe izincwadi, amaphephandaba kanye nomagazini, kanye isitsha somlotha kagwayi.

Ukuqondisa enikeziwe ahlukene isihlalo esiphakamayo - 34, pivotable ngokusebenzisa 180 degrees.

It is lokhu Lviv Bus yaqale esiqokiwe lokuhweba Zil - uhlamvu u- "L" ohlakeni-chrome. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolo phawu lasho wonke amamodeli eyalandela ukushintshwa izimoto ekhiqizwa simila.

Kokuqendwa imodeli prototype esethulwa emihlanganweni Exhibition of Izimpumelelo Economic, e isigaba esisha - "Ibhasi elihamba phakathi kwamadolobha". Ngemva kokuhlanganyela ku-Exhibition yezimpumelelo Economic ibhasi saya neqembu hambo, eyayihlanganisa abasebenzi ovelele zalesi sihlahla, uhambo ngokusebenzisa le Poland sezenhlalo kanye eCzechoslovakia.

thatha amabili

Ngasekuqaleni kwehlobo lika-1959, i-FFA idale enye inguqulo "The izivakashi", netinombolo wokugubha, kodwa kwadingeka eziningi umehluko kwesakhiwo kusukela prototype kuqala.

izinguquko ezinkulu ziye zenza abantu abathintekayo ophahleni ibhasi: imodeli elengela itsetfwe dweba omkhulu (1.8 2,7 ububanzi), ngenxa okuyinto encishisiwe endaweni kophahla glazing imisebe. Ngokokuqala ngqá kule imodeli ngenhla windscreen ukuthi agibele amahhashi air eyanele, esinikela ukupholisa zemvelo kwelinye lamagumbi umgibeli. Ngo ukuma ke lalifana visor kusukela cap. Zonke amabhasi ezilandelayo enikeziwe in a esimatasa, eyaba uhlobo litshwayo manholes. Futhi ifa wonke amamodeli okwalandela amabhasi kwaba ukwanda ubukhulu ewindini, kuqala efakwe double Laz-697.

Impahla abagibeli ofakelwe ngqo phansi gumbi. Ilayisha umthwalo sikhishelwa ngaphandle ngokusebenzisa ekhethekile ohlangothini kubhaklazeka elise ezinhlangothini ibhasi.

Amandla Phiko injini Zil-164. Ukumiswa entwasahlobo uhlobo (Semi-Elliptical leaf iziphethu 4) nge iziphethu nokuqondisa.

Lokhu iminyaka Lviv Bus 2 elandelanayo yethulwa njengoba umbukiso emibukisweni international: ngo-1959 - eFrance, futhi ngo-1960 - eSwitzerland.

Machines elakhiwa ngo uchungechunge, ayehlukile kuzo amandla prototype iyunithi. amabhasi phakathi kwamadolobha efakwe 109 hp injini Zil-158A. Injini efanayo futhi idolobha wathola - Laz-695B.

Laz-697: Imininingwane

• Usayizi ibhasi, m - 9,19 x 2.99 x 2.5 (ubude, ububanzi, ukuphakama, ngokulandelana).
• Lomgwaqo Isisindo - 6 t 950 kg.
• Lapho ulithola lonke umshini - 10 t 230 kg.
• Clearance - 27 cm.
• Reserve isivinini - 80 km / h.
• Amandla amandla iyunithi - 109 l / s.
• PPC - ibhukwana nge izinyathelo ezinhlanu.
• Coupling - uhlobo olulodwa-disk, ezomile, anemisila drive wokubacindezela.
• Ububanzi ukuvulwa umnyango - 84 cm.
• Inani lezihlalo abagibeli - 33.
• UMzila ububanzi - 45 cm.
• I turning engaba - 9.6 m.

Ukuguqulwa "izivakashi"

Ngemva kokukhishwa kukamagazini i yochungechunge oluthile lwezinto ezenzeke ukuthuthukiswa Laz-697 umshini akagcinanga lapho, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kukhona 4 ukulungiswa ibhasi kwamadolobha:

• Laz - 697E;
• Laz - 697M;
• Laz - 697N;
• Laz - 697R.

Ukuguqulwa "E"

Kusukela ngo-1961, lesi sitshalo Zil baqala ukunikeza amabhasi ukuze Lviv izinjini ezintsha, iyunithi 150-enamandla evela Zil-130. Lezi izinjini ezifakiwe kokubili zasemadolobheni kanye eside ibanga amabhasi, ngenxa lapho wokugubha onobuhle ekhiqizwa washintsha (wanezela incwadi "E") - Laz-695E futhi Laz-697E ngokulandelana.

izinguquko umphumela kwaba nokwenyuka ezibalweni ezigcwele isivinini amabhasi 87 km / h. Nokho, party ezihlinzekwa izinjini ezintsha zisezincane, ngakho kanye imodeli Ushintshe zalesi sihlahla baqhubeka ukukhiqiza amabhasi "ubudala". Ngaphandle, le mishini "ubudala" futhi "musha" komunye nomunye akazange ihluke.

Kwaze kwaba ngu-1964, Zilovskoye ukunikezela powertrains babé njalo, kanti injini entsha esikhundleni ngokugcwele imodeli ubudala.

Kuyinto kusukela kulo nyaka Ushintshe ibhasi wahlupheka ushintsho oluncane yangaphandle - nemengamo isondo babe oyindilinga, uvela umshini kuzosuswa le emaceleni ohlangothini. Kulesi buyekeza sesiphumile, futhi ngendlela ibhasi wawenziwe kuze 1969.

Ukuguqulwa "M"

Ngo-1970, uyisibonelo yendabuko ibhasi wathola izinguquko okujule nakakhulu ukuthi uye wathinta futhi abaqeqeshi, futhi okuphikisana nalo ezisemadolobheni, kokubili izimoto waqala digital yabo wokugubha incwadi "M". Manje bebizwa LAZ- 697M futhi Laz-695M (kwamadolobha nedolobha, ngokulandelana).

Abaklami ngokuphelele emithambekeni ingilazi ophahleni, kodwa endaweni okwandisiwe amafasitela side. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igemfe air eyanele yenjini esehambile, owawuke ukufakwa ngemuva ibhasi. It kwathathelwa indawo deflectors ohlangothini.

Kwenziwa ushintsho futhi ukudluliswa umshini. Factory oluvala amasondo ezingemuva Esikhundleni ngaphezulu ephelele - 'Inceku', ukukhiqizwa Hungarian, futhi ifakwe eziqondisa wokubacindezela.

Kodwa okokuqala, umfuziselo ukuboniswa ukuthi abasebenzi ifektri ethulwa embukisweni eMoscow ngo-1969, uhlukile ibhasi serial ukuklama front end umshini kanye khona kweminyango eziphuthumayo eziningana, okuyinto baye balisusa ingilazi bendabuko.

ukukhiqizwa serial Laz-697 M kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1975, ngo-Phakathi naleso sikhathi wayehlukanisiwe ukulungiselela kakade ukuba isikhundla solunye ukuguqulwa "izivakashi" - Laz-697N. By the way, inguquko okugcwele umshini omusha kwenziwe kancane kancane, okokuqala yokwakha wehlela onobuhle, okuyizinto hybrid of izinguqulo ezimbili. I front end kwaba ngaphezulu Laz-697M futhi emuva kakade kusukela entsha Laz-697N.

Laz-697N

Le ncwadi "H", esikhundleni "M" uhlu umshini, kwake kwaba ngo-serial Laz-697M anda ubukhulu emafasiteleni. Sakwenza lokho ngo-1973. Kodwa okokuqala imoto nge inkomba enjalo inqobo phezu impumelelo embukisweni eMoscow ngo-1971. Eqinisweni kwaba i 697M ubudala, kodwa nge design phambi entsha.

ekukhiqizweni amabhasi waqala ngo-1975. Ngo parallel, Amalungiselelo ukukhiqizwa imoto elandelayo, okuyinto bekumele aphume ochungechungeni eminyakeni emibili kamuva, futhi ukuze uthole Inkomba Laz-697R. Futhi ngenkathi kwaba nenkathi shintsho, emgqeni inhlangano yaqala ukuya imodeli Lesisemkhatsini njengoba izinguquko design ukushintshwa.

Ngokwesibonelo, kulezi imishini lususwe lonke ifasitelana ohlangothini amafasitela, esikhundleni sazo okuqinile ingilazi ishidi, futhi ukupholisa vnutrisalonnoe othumele zangaphandle air eyanele esisogwini ophahleni ibhasi. I eziphephile ezingemuva unesinye phambi esinanyathiselwe iminyango.

Laz-697R

Ukukhiqizwa ukuguqulwa eyengeziwe, Laz-697R, waqala, njengoba kwakuhleliwe ngo-1978. Ngokwesiko, ibhasi elisha kusuka ubudala ziyahluka kancane. Umehluko yesiteleka kakhulu kusukela Laz-697R Laz-697N kwakungekho umnyango emuva, kusukela kuye futhi wasala kanjalo ngenxa yokuthi khona layo kuye kwanciphisa inani lezihlalo. Nokho, esinye isibonakaliso lapho kwakunokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa imodeli entsha kusukela ubudala - kuba indawo amasignali ithuba. Ngo Laz-697R isiqondiso izinkomba abe square zanamuhla futhi atholiwe ngokuqondile ngenhla izibani. Ngo Laz-697N amasignali ithuba elise ohlangothini izibani, ukuma kwabo uyisiyingi.

Inguquko kumlando

Zonke ukulungiswa 697 chungechunge amabhasi kwakungekaNkulunkulu abasesigabeni esiphakathi, kanye nesikhathi akazange bema. Kwakudzingeka imoto nge eziningi izihlalo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1985 kukhiqizwe "izivakashi" ubudala ayekile. Bakhandwa indawo esihlalweni 41-entsha Laz-699, ngokuthumela uchungechunge 697-th esigabeni "Retro-amabhasi"

izinsuku zethu futhi Lviv Retro "izivakashi"

Kwathatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye ekhulwini kusukela lapho, kanjani sibonelo ibhasi lokuqala esinelebuli Laz-697. Kodwa namanje phakathi izikhangiso siqu zingatholakala isaziso ukudayiswa imishini yalolu chungechunge. Futhi kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi amabhasi Retro akuzona abasebenzi kuphela, kodwa futhi isimo kuhle. Yiqiniso, isikhathi eside-ibanga travel ubani singenakwenzeka bangacabanga ukusebenzisa umshini ezinjalo, kodwa amaqoqo yangasese kuyoba ngempela okungahambi kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhasi kubiza iphansana.

Kodwa kunokuningi okungakhulunywanga ngakho. Museum of ezokuthutha ezisemadolobheni ekhatsi Kiev kukhona omunye izinguqulo "The izivakashi" - Laz-697M. Lokhu ibhasi ingenye onobuhle eziningana (ochwepheshe bathi womathathu), okuyinto ezigcinwe ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni, ngisho isimo egijima. Ngesikhathi Museum, wayengumuntu ngemva kokubuyiselwa kwenziwe ifektri Laz. Futhi, iqiniso liwukuthi ukube lokhu ngempela ongomunye wemishini ezintathu ezisele, izindleko wangempela ibhasi Kunzima ukucabanga.

Ngokwengxenye enkulu, yini intengo umshini omdala, akunandaba, lokho okubalulekile wukuthi kukhona abantu abangekho qakala umlando ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuthutha e-USSR.