PPTP uxhumano - kuyini?

Mhlawumbe, abantu abaningi baye bezwa eside ezifana "kwakwakhe PPTP». Kuyini, abanye musa ngisho ukude ukucabanga. Nokho, uma sichaza izimiso wokusungula uxhumano ngesisekelo lesi olandelwayo ngolimi olulula, kulula ukuqonda kwabo ngokuphelele.

PPTP uxhumano: kuyini?

Lolu hlobo lwe-inthanethi esekelwe olandelwayo eponymous, nokuncipha igama layo livela IsiZulu iphuzu-to-phuzu mhubhe olandelwayo, ngokwezwi nezwi ihumusha ngokuthi "Lwesibili Logqinsi ezifana" iphuzu ukuze ukhombe ". Ngamanye amazwi, ukuhlobana okukhona phakathi ababhalisile ezimbili by okuxhunyanwa amaphakethe idatha ngefomu ebethelwe ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi olungavikelekile esekelwe TCP / IP.

PPTP uhlobo loxhumano ivumela okuguqula okuthiwa PPP ozimele ejwayelekile IP-amaphakethe, okuyinto kuthiwa ngocansi, isibonelo nge-internet efanayo. Futhi nakuba kubhekwa, PPTP olandelwayo ezingeni ukuphepha zingaphansi ezinye izinketho ezifana IPSec, anawo manje sokusabalalisa sasivumela wonke, ngoba, eqinisweni, umsebenzisi ukubhekana omunye-VPN-uxhumano izinhlobo (ukuxhumana okungenawaya).

PPTP uxhumano: yini ukusetshenziswa kwawo?

Ububanzi lokhu olandelwayo kumba eqolo. Okokuqala, lolu hlobo uxhumano phakathi kwabasebenzisi ezimbili abakwazi kuphela ukuvikela ulwazi ngocansi, kodwa futhi Ukonga okukhulu phezu eside ibanga izingcingo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le protocol ngokuvamile lubaluleke ukuqinisekisa ukuhlobana kwemikhosi LANs ezimbili okungukuthi ngu amaphakethe okuxhunyanwa ku-inthanethi phezu isixhumanisi esiphephile (tunnel) ngaphandle ezihilela oqondile uxhumano therebetween. Lokho, ukuthintana ngqo amanethiwekhi ezimbili zendawo akudingeki bese usebenzisa Umhubhe ngokuthi umlamuleli.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, esekelwe mhubhe PPTP ingasetshenziswa uma udala uhlobo lokuxhumana "amaklayenti-server", lapho ukuphela umsebenzisi ixhunywe iseva nge umzila ephephile.

PPTP Implementation ohlelweni olusebenzisayo ezahlukene

Manje kancane ukuphazamiseka futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi nibheke PPTP uxhumano. Ayini amandla layo, kusukela ekuthuthukisweni olandelwayo Microsoft, kuyilapho abantu abambalwa kakhulu ukuqonda. Futhi okokuqala kule okufushane umnyuziki, ke waqalwa ngo-Cisco.

Noma kunjalo, i-Microsoft ayizange abasasilele emuva. Kusukela Windows 95 OSR2, kungenzeka njengamanje lokusungulwa uxhumano ngokusebenzisa PPTP uvele imikhiqizo software kamuva, ngisho ne esakhelwe PPTP-iseva ukucushwa amathuluzi. Ngokulandelayo, isibonelo kuzoxoxwa PPTP-uxhumano Windows 7, ikakhulukazi ngoba lokhu ohlelweni kuze kube manje uhlala ethandwa kakhulu kubasebenzisi abaningi.

kwakungekho izinhlelo Linux kuze kube muva nje, abasekele ngokugcwele ubuchwepheshe. Umsolwa uvele kuphela ukuguqulwa 2.6.13, futhi uzwakalise ku 2.6.14 ikhenela.

FreeBSD uhlelo ne-Mac OS X ihambisane esakhelwe PPTP-amakhasimende. PDA Palm, shoka-Wi-Fi ukuxhumana okungenawaya, ifakwe ikhasimende Mergic.

Imibandela lokuqala uxhumano lesifanele

Ukusebenzisa mhubhe likubeka ngokucacile. Ilungiselela PPTP-uxhumano kuhilela ukusetshenziswa TCP-port 1723 futhi saziso - IP GRE inombolo olandelwayo 47.

Lokho kusho ukuthi ukushona firewall, uma ikhona, noma esakhelwe-Windows firewall kumele ibe ngendlela yekutsi IP-amaphakethe kungathatha indawo ngokukhululekile futhi ngaphandle kwemibandela. Lokhu kusebenza izimoto ngokwezifiso hhayi kuphela noma amanethiwekhi wendawo. Ngokulinganayo, lokhu ukudluliswa khulula imihubhe idatha kumele kuqinisekiwe futhi ezingeni umhlinzeki.

Endabeni ukusetshenziswa NAT i esiteji Lesisemkhatsini-VPN ukudluliswa ukucutshungulwa kumele imiswe ngokufanele ingxenye.

izimiso Jikelele zokusebenzela kanye uxhumano

Sibuyuyekeze ngempela kafushane uxhumano PPTP. Ukuthi kuyini, abaningi cishe kakade kancane kuyaqondakala. Kucaca okukhulunywa sasiyokwenziwa emuva kokucubungula izimiso eziyisisekelo ukusebenza nokuxhumana protocol okusekelwe kuso, kanye esigabeni lapho yokufaka igxathu negxathu PPTP GRE uxhumano uyoboniswa.

Ngakho, uxhumano phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili setha ngesisekelo evamile PPP-session esekelwe GRE protocol (encapsulation). Uxhumano yesibili ngqo TCP port inesibopho sokuphathela futhi GRE yokuvula isikweleti.

Sam lidlule IPX iphakethe siqukethe idatha langempela, ngezinye izikhathi obizwa ngokuthi i-Inkokhelo, futhi ulwazi olwengeziwe control. Kwenzekani lapho iphakethe wamukelwe yini komunye umkhawulo line? Uhlelo elihambisana for the PPTP-uxhumano njengoba izingxenyana eziqukethwe i ebalulekile idatha IPX iphakethe futhi ithumela yona ukucutshungulwa, esebenzisa ezifanele nokuphathelene olandelwayo uhlelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyingxenye ebalulekile ukudluliswa Umhubhe reception kolwazi yilona imfuneko eyinhloko ngokusebenzisa ukufinyelela ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela "iphasiwedi ngemvume." Yiqiniso, ukwambula ungene namaphasiwedi esinyathelweni ukukhiqizwa kungaba, kodwa inqubo yokudlulisa ulwazi ngokusebenzisa indlela enqamulelayo okuphephile (tunnel) - nganoma iyiphi indlela.

aqinisekise izindlela uxhumano

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, mhubhe PPTP olandelwayo ezisekelwe evikelekile ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izici akuyona. Nokho, lapho ucabangela ukuthi ukubethela idatha esetshenziswa amathuluzi anjenge-EAP-TLS, MSCHAP-v2 noma MPEE, singakhuluma ezingeni ngokwanele eliphezulu of ukuvikelwa.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwandisa ukuphepha kwe-callback ingasetshenziswa (ukudayela up), lapho edlulisela noma side kokuthola kwenza isiqinisekiso uxhumano nokudluliselwa Imininingwane isofthiwe.

Ilungiselela PPTP siqu kusho i-Windows 7 inethiwekhi izilungiselelo adaptha

Lungiselela PPTP-uxhumano yiluphi uhlelo lwe-Windows ulula. Njengoba sekushiwo, njengesibonelo, thatha "isikhombisa".

Okokuqala udinga ukuya "Control Centre Network futhi Ukwabelana Center." Lokhu kungenziwa noma kusukela "Control Panel." Noma kusuka kwimenyu ngokuchofoza ngakwesokudla ngokuchofoza isithonjana se-inthanethi noma lwenethiwekhi.

Kwesobunxele kwimenyu kukhona izilungiselelo irowu shintsha uxhumano adaptha, futhi udinga ukusebenzisa, bese kwesokudla chofoza Local Area Connection umongo imenyu bese ukhetha izakhiwo umugqa.

Ku-window entsha, sebenzisa izakhiwo protocol TCP / IPv4. Ku-window izilungiselelo kufanele usethe nemingcele ezinikezwa i-ISP yakho uma uxhuma (ezimweni eziningi, isethwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthola amakheli we-IP ye-DNS amaseva).

Londoloza izinguquko bese ubuyela Local Area Network lapho kudingeka uhlole ukuthi iyasebenza okwamanje. Ngenxa yale njongo uchofoza kwesokudla. Uma ucacise "Khubaza" ngesikhathi umugqa phezulu, uxhumano iyasebenza. Ngale kwalokho, singase siyifake.

Yakha bese ukhombisa Izilungiselelo ze-VPN

In the isinyathelo esilandelayo udinga ukudala VPN-uxhumano. Ngenxa yale njongo, lo "Control Centre" in the ngakwesokudla, sebenzisa umugqa ukwenza uxhumano olusha.

Ngemva kwalokhu, khetha Xhuma emsebenzini, bese - Usebenzisa internet uxhumano ekhona.

Ngaphezu kwalokho imisiwe uxhumano kulungiselelwa-internet, futhi kuwindi elilandelayo, ucacise ikheli le-inthanethi we-opharetha ye-VPN bese ufaka noma iyiphi igama (kuyadingeka ezansi, ubeke uphawu lokuhlola eduze "Musa ukuxhuma manje" umugqa).

Ngemva kwalokho, faka igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi, uma ikhona inkontileka ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo, bese uchofoza inkinobho "Yakha".

Ohlwini ukuxhumana atholakalayo, khetha okudalwe ewindini elisha chofoza inkinobho Properties. Okulandelayo, kumelwe sithathe isinyathelo ngokucophelela. On the ithebhu, kubalulekile usethe nemingcele ezilandelayo:

• uhlobo-VPN: auto;
• Uxhumano ngocingo: Akuphoqelekile;
• Ukulungiswa Protocol: i-CHAP futhi CHAP v2.

Thina uqinisekise izinguquko ukuya iwindi ukuxhuma, lapho thina cindezela inkinobho Connect. Uma amasethingi enziwe kahle, kuzoba uxhumano lwe-inthanethi.

Kungakhathaliseki noma cha ukusebenzisa amathuluzi avela eceleni?

On umbuzo PPTP ufake ezengeziwe amaseva noma amakhasimende abasebenzisi basabela, kodwa iningi labo bukhomba ngokubona ukuthi kulungiselelwa futhi asebenzise esakhelwe-Windows module ubukeka akukhetha kakhulu ngokuya lula.

Ungakwazi Yiqiniso, ukufaka into efana pfSense iphakheji umzila firewall, kodwa "bomdabu" amaklayenti yayo Multilink PPP Daemon has a lot of izinkinga nokusetshenziswa amaseva Windows-based kuya PPTP ezisekelwe ngokuya ukusatshalaliswa ukusetshenziswa phakathi olandelwayo iklayenti ubuqiniso kanye iseva amanethiwekhi yenkampani, yize terminals ikhaya umsebenzisi aye abonakala zinkinga. Ngo ukumisa le Umbuso indawo, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye, kunzima kakhulu, futhi ngaphandle kolwazi ekhethekile ukuze ucacise izilungiselelo efanele, noma ukulungisa "ukuhlangana" unomphela umsebenzisi IP-ikheli akunakwenzeka.

Ungazama ezinye client noma iseva Umbuso eyenzelwe kokufaka PPTP uxhumano, kodwa siyini umthwalo iphuzu izinhlelo ezingadingekile ohlelweni lapho noma iyiphi i-Windows onezinto ayo? Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono lokwenza abanye izinhlelo hhayi kuphela kunzima ukumisa, kodwa futhi kungadala izimpi software ezingeni ngokomzimba. Ngakho kungcono lokubekela abantu imingcele kulokho esinakho.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

Lapha, eqinisweni, konke mayelana olandelwayo PPTP, kanye ukudalwa isethaphu Umhubhe uxhumano bese usebenzisa yalo. Njengoba for ukusetshenziswa kwaso, kalungisiswa umsebenzisi isilinganiso. Ukuba ukungabaza kunengqondo ukuthi umuntu kungase kudingeke zokuxhumana channel evikelekile. Uma kunjalo, futhi ufuna ukuvikela IP, kungcono ukusebenzisa engaziwa proxy amaseva ku-intanethi, noma okuthiwa anonymizer.

Kodwa ukusebenziseka phakathi amanethiwekhi wendawo ukulibona kwezentengiselwano noma yimuphi omunye izakhiwo, ukufakwa PPTP-uxhumano kungaba indlela elula yokuphuma. Futhi nakuba ukuxhumana enjalo eziyikhulu nokuvikeleka amaphesenti alinikezi, Nokho, inani ingqondo e Ukuhlanganyela yakhe khona.