"Warszawianka" - umkhumbi. Class ngwenya "Warszawianka"

Phakathi kwekhulu lamashumi amabili wehlela emlandweni njengoba isikhathi ngempumelelo wamavukelambuso zobuchwepheshe yonke imikhakha yobuchwepheshe, isayensi ngisho isiko. Uma ningabizi le nkathi: leminyaka cybernetics, inkathi ukuhlola umkhathi, ngisho ngenkathi rock 'n' roll. Ngo-USSR ku forties sekwephuzile, wafakwa ukusebenza esikhungweni sokuphehla amandla enuzi wokuqala emhlabeni, kwenzeka ngemva kweminyaka emine Hiroshima. Ophihliza iqhwa ukuze amandla enuzi Kuphinde kwakhiwa eU.SSR (1957). Futhi eminyakeni emithathu ngaphambili e-United States waba limise ngwenya yenuzi 'Nautilus ". Inkathi zenuzi ngwenya imikhumbi. Ngicabanga ukuthi udizili ngwenya wake gone. Kodwa kwathi ukuthi kwezinye izimo esikhundleni sawo akukho. Isibonelo kungaba le ezithule kule ngwenya emhlabeni Project 877 "Warszawianka".

Premier League - ngebuhle nebubi

Izinzuzo ngwenya nge esikhungweni samandla enuzi zisobala. Abadingi ukuvundulula njalo ashona le amabhethri, uhla izicelo zokusebenza cishe angenamkhawulo, njengoba sikhatsi lesisetjentiswe ukujula. Uyadinga kuphela ukulayishwa zibe ukudla yombango kanye akhishwa phakathi kwamanzi tank ukuphuza (Nokho, kukhona izitshalo kungeyona). Ngaphakathi the linezingxenye ivulekile, nezisebenzi, izimo zasekhaya abasakwazi ukhululekile, futhi ukulwa amakhono kukhona kangangokuthi omunye iyunithi kwanele uhlele inqwaba Hiroshima. Kodwa kukhona ezinye ukudideka. Wavala ophendulayo kungenzeka kuphela uma kwenzeka ingozi, ngakho isikebhe njalo ezinomsindo. Cishe "walala ongaphakeme" futhi buthule engenakwenzeka.

Kungakhathaliseki sokuphehla amandla iphephile, kodwa ukupholisa bafudumale izifunda kudinga uzotshala ayevela emanzini asolwandle ke, nakuba ababuthakathaka, kodwa "fonit", futhi umkhumbi ozayo, ungasebenzisa empahleni ebucayi ukuba 'zibale ". Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yimuphi ngwenya (ngwenya yenuzi) has a babebaningi kakhulu, futhi ngoba kukhona imigoqo kwegazi ezindaweni engajulile kwezilwandle.

Kungani kwakudingeka u-diesel ngwenya

Ngemva ukubukeka mabutho ahlomile nezitha ezingaba yingozi yalezi ingabonakali Cruisers ebusweni, efana imikhumbi wakhela ngokuba Navy Soviet. kamuva kwacaca ukuthi ngwenya amasampula Russian zihluke kakhulu kumazwe aphesheya, futhi kube nzima nakakhulu. Ukuthola Acoustic kusho kubo pretty masinyane ukhomba umsindo ophephela kanye izinjini. Le nkinga yaxazululeka kamuva, kodwa sixties ngasekupheleni - ekuqaleni yoma izinsongo zangaphandle wakhetha ukunika impendulo quin. Ngo-1974, i-Bureau "Rubin" lithole kusukela Navy Commander S. G. Gorshkova TK, okuyinto efakwe nezidingo esiyinhloko mkhumbi omusha: ukubonakala ongaphakeme, anhlobonhlobo tekusebentisa inciphise inani zezisebenzi. Ngemva kweminyaka emine, amasheya e Komsomolsk-on-Amur waya lokuqala "Warszawianka". Submarine nayo yonke imigomo inkomba amaphuzu futhi kwanyatheliswa imingcele ezisohlwini ke ngezindlela eziningi.

I ngwenya kudivayisi

Imikhumbi-ngwenya ngokuvamile aqukethe zakhiwo ezimbili, etholakala omunye komunye (elisho "unodoli isichazi" isimiso).

Khanyisa is fairing igobolondo, kufihlwe ngaphansi okuyinto okuthiwa CCH (main isikebhe sizinze amathangi) kanye TSVB (elisizayo). I isikebhe sizinze main yakhelwe ukudala buoyancy emihle noma emibi, okusho inikeza inotiyela futhi kucwila umkhumbi. tank Asizayo kudala Ukunquma (ngamanye amazwi, ovundlile longitudinal enyakazayo izindlu) emnsalweni noma esikebheni, futhi isize ekuphehleni lungise roll.

Amatilosi, ukwakhiwa kwezikhali, ukuchumisa zonke imishini ezidingekayo, kuhlanganise motor, amabhethri, izesekeli SCE (main post umyalo) abagwedli nokuningi ebiyelwe zezindlu eyizingqabavu ukuthi ihlukaniswe yaba amagumbi. Iyathinteka kanye "Warszawianka". I ngwenya kuhlukaniswe eziyisithupha. Ngokuvamile, kuqala futhi elokugcina ubizwa ngokuthi torpedo, kodwa imikhumbi iphrojekthi 877 iyisikhali kuphela ku ekhaleni, kanye sonar okuthunyelwe ifakwe ekhethekile wokudonsa out (phansi) okwami. Kodwa kule design ngokukhethekile akugcini lapho.

ezakhayo engavamile

Umklami Jikelele KB "Rubin" Yuri Kormilitsin unika shape uhlaka umkhumbi, okuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngayo missile yenuzi. Ngo cross-section kuba kakhulu round, ngokungafani nezinye nozakwabo udizili, isicaba ezinhlangothini. I ozimele, okuyinto, ngokusho isikimu classical, etholakala ngaphakathi sikebhe ingcindezi, ilethwa isikhala intercase ngezithukuthuku isinqumo sokuqala ukuze ukhulule eningi isikhala, okuyinto iye yathuthuka kakhulu izimo zokuphila ngokuba iqembu kanye nemishini ukubeka ngendlela enengqondo kakhulu. Submarine iphrojekthi "Warszawianka" luye lwaba imikhumbi yesimanje iningi Navy zaseSoviet isici ezishintshayo kanye nokukhanda futhi Cybernetics, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umthwalo abaseqenjini - lalinamaJuda ezincane - futhi letihlungiwe ezimweni eziningi eziyihlazo isici womuntu.

ukubonakala okuphansi

Sonar isebenza isimiso esifanayo njengoba radar ezivamile. Sonar likhipha pulses esifushane imisindo ezivelayo nasemfanekisweni kusuka izinto kwamanzi, ukudala isithombe isimo. Njengoba kule "Stealth", kusho ukunciphisa ukubonakala ngwenya ngokuyinhloko esekelwe ukunciphisa reflectivity we ebusweni. Ngakho impahla ekhethekile evikelwe "Varshavyanka". Submarine ekhethekile ungqimba umsindo-eheha ingqondo is camera, esehlisa umsindo ivela umshini futhi imoto izindlela, futhi kanyekanye ubamba a amasignali sonar nobutha.

Turbulence futhi cavitation, okuyinto nakanjani kuphakama eduze isigwedlo, utshelwa "Rubin" abaklami bayeke them closer phakathi umkhumbi ifreyimu (umzimba phakathi).

Kodwa ukubonakala ongaphakeme ngokwanele ukuba abe "umgodi black" (okubizwa ngokuthi Project 877 hydroacoustics navies ka NATO). "Warszawianka" Akusikho kokungenzi lutho uhamba phezu kolwandle yadalwa. I ngwenya ngokwayo kumelwe yokuzingela imikhumbi isitha, futhi ukuthi wayedinga 'amehlo "wathi futhi" izindlebe ". Thola isitha phambi uyokwazi ukukubona - lena umsebenzi oyinhloko crew. Sonars kukhona ezimbili zama: yekwentiwa. Okokuqala ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana pulses acoustic, babesebenza buqamama enkudlwana, kepha unmask umkhumbi. Eyesibili isebenzisa umsebenzi nezinye sonar futhi umsindo zasolwandle, kunzima ukuzisebenzisa, kodwa ephephile. Underwater ikilasi "Warszawianka" isikebhe ezimbili izinhlobo sonar, futhi ngaphezu kwabo, uhlelo esiphelele sicubungula ulwazi wathola ngesisekelo on-ebhodini amakhompyutha. ubuchwepheshe osetshenziswayo "Umhubhe acoustic", okuyinto kunciphisa ohlangothini emisebeni sonar.

chassis

Ukuze ashona le amabhethri we ngwenya akudingeki ziyabuya kwamanzi, ngokwanele ukukhulisa RDP (obizwa nangokuthi snorkel) nekuvula ematfuba etindlela tekutfola umoya ngaphandle kokususwa imikhiqizo amandla omlilo. Udizili isicelo intuthu okuphansi ukuthi kunciphisa ukubonakala umkhumbi olwandle.

Isetshenziswa nezinye izinto ezisunguliwe eziphathelene. udizili Eyisisekelo (5.5 th. L. C.) Usetshenziselwa ukuletha uyisitsha ezinyakazayo, injongo yayo iwukuhlola kuphela iya generator Rotor ukushaja amabhethri. Ngokuhamba Kwadlula inikeza i motor ukonga (nomthamo 130 l. C.), Futhi (ku 102 l. C.) ngaphezulu ezimbili Ingabe redundantly-shunting. uhlelo Kinematic kangangokuthi zonke izinjini ezintathu isebenze ngesikhathi esisodwa isikulufa. Libuye libe ekhethekile, shestilopastny ivumela ukuthi ukushintshanisa ngesivinini aphansi (250 rev. / Min.), Ukukhiqiza, ngokulandelana, futhi umsindo omncane.

izimo zokuphila

Imibandela yesevisi ku udizili isikebhe baye esindayo njalo. Ngaphezu umthwalo ngokwengqondo, amatilosi wazibonela inqwaba nemibi elihlobene ne kusilela isikhala ukuzimela elinganiselwe. Imikhumbi-ngwenya "Warszawianka" uhlobo zihluke imikhumbi alesi sigaba izimo ezingcono kakhulu. Ukulala emalungwini torpedoes ithimba akudingeki ukuba lolu kumakhabheni ukhululekile. Kukhona futhi izihlambi, ihholo cinema kanye Dispensary.

"Warszawianka" namuhla, iphrojekthi 636 th

Naphezu engu eside yephrojekthi, isidingo isigaba "Warszawianka" izikebhe kubalulekile, ngaphandle umkhumbi ube eside ukuthekelisa ezingaba khona. Indian Navy bebehlome nge inqwaba amayunithi ngwenya, ezimbili useyili ngaphansi ifulege Algeria, ngakho kufanele amaPolish Navy. China othenga kubo Navy yabo. Ngemva kokubhujiswa kwesimiso sezenhlalo emhlabeni uyekile ukusebenza Warsaw Pact atheleka nokuvikeleka Collective (ogama udumo futhi yaqanjwa iphrojekthi), izibonelo eziningi ubuchwepheshe Soviet, kuhlanganise lamadolobha esimanjemanje kakhulu base yezikhali lamazwe NATO. Ukuze silondoloze ezingaba zamabutho ngwenya ezingeni elifanele, okwakudinga sesimanje ophuthumayo ingxenye impahla yemikhumbi. Kusukela jikelele scheme futhi imoto imiqondo iyaphumelela, izinguquko eziphawulekayo uhlaka Kuye kwenziwa. Submarine "Novorossiysk" project "Warszawianka" imodeli entsha itholakala Petersburg ngesikhathi Shipyard Admiralty ngo-August 2010, kwaba ukuqala ekuqaleni uchungechunge design eziphambili, lithole Inkomba 636. Eminyakeni ezayo sihlelwe ukwehlisa amanzi imikhumbi emihlanu ngaphezulu ezinjalo. Ngakusasa kuyoba "Rostov-on-Don" futhi "Stary Oskol", lonke ngwenya uzobe owaqanjwa ngomuzi wenkazimulo lempi. Amayunithi entsha zenzelwe ukuqinisa Sea Fleet we Russian Federation. Ngo design yabo uyakucabangela lonke isipiliyoni shipbuilding futhi isicelo yakamuva kwentuthuko navigation, isikhulumi, nokuphela ubuchwepheshe bama-computer. Imikhumbi-ngwenya Project 636 "Warszawianka" enkonzweni kuyodingeka ezinamaphiko "Calibre" imicibisholo nge ukulwa engaba 2500 km.

idatha yobuchwepheshe kwezikhali

ukufuduka Okugcwele "Varshavyanka" kwamanzi kuyinto amathani 3036 phezu -. 2300 t Njengoba isikebhe e-athomu ngaphansi kwamanzi kuba esheshayo 17 ifindo (10 ngokumelene injini diesel). Maximum ukwesekwa 636 Iphrojekthi kufike amamitha angu-300. Imoto Ubude - cishe 73 metres, ububanzi - 10. kwenze Kwadlula isikhundla ngokuvumelana umthwalo, - kusuka ngamamitha 6.2 kuya 6.6. Amatilosi kunabantu 52, navigation ezizimele inakekelwa izinsuku 45. Isikebhe abehlome ngezibhamu eziyisithupha torpedo ubukhulu 533 futhi uhambe ezicitshwayo ezine.