Paul Klee: izithombe nezincazelo. umculi German futhi Swiss uPawulu Klee (Paul Klee)

Umdwebi uPawulu Klee ingenye abameleli ovelele avant-garde art Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XX. He kubhekwa yakhe emazweni amabili European, ngoba, njengoba isakhamuzi isiJalimane, wazalwa, wakhula waba futhi wacitsa ukuphila e-Switzerland.

ebuntwaneni lomdwebi

Paul Klee, ogama imidwebo manje eyaziwa kubalandeli yobuciko emhlabeni, wazalwa ngo-1879 omncane edolobheni Myunhenbuhzee etholakala eduze Bern. Yomkhaya umculi esizayo kwaba creative: ubaba wakhe wayenguthisha umculo, nomama bacule. Lapho uPawulu ese-3 ubudala, ugogo wamnika amapensela. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ingane Wathunjwa ukudweba. Ngaphandle yokudweba kusuka ebuntwaneni wafunda ukudlala i-violin futhi lokubhala izinkondlo. Ngena isikolo uPawulu ayikuthandi umfana ayethanda ukubhekana kuphela nalabo ukuthi wamnika ugqozi.

Ezemfundo kanye embukisweni lokuqala

Ngo 1898 Klee waqala ukutadisha ishadi e Munich G. Heinrich Knirr esikoleni esingesona esikahulumeni, kodwa kamuva eminyakeni engu-2 esikolweni Academy of Fine Arts, lapho aba uthisha yokudweba by F. von Wanamathela. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, uPawulu wahamba e-Italy, ukubanjwa bajwayelane izakhiwo kanye imidwebo Yenguquko, futhi waphila Bern futhi wafunda ihluzo. Phakathi nale nkathi, wadala uchungechunge "iqhawe Odnokryly" yezicathulo, "Inventions", "The Virgin emthini" nabanye. Ngo-1906 umculi osemusha wathatha umfazi wopiyano Lily Stumpf futhi ekugcineni zijwayeza eMunich. Lapha futhi ngizama ukuveza ithalente lakhe uPawulu Klee. Lo mbukiso imidwebo yakhe okokuqala owaqhutshelwa e Bern ngo-1910 It efakiwe kwendandatho bakhe bokuqala, watercolors kanye nemidwebo. Umsebenzi ayebhalwe isitayela Art Nouveau, ngeshwa wizadi azizange engabonwa.

Ukuphindukuzalwa ku genius

Ukuhlala e Munich, Klee wenza ubungani nabantazana Kandinsky futhi waba ilungu likasoseshini Expressionist "Blue Rider". Creative Group bahlangana nabamele ubuciko, ukudala umsebenzi avant-garde isitayela. Abaculi azifaka kuwo ngokusebenzisa imidwebo zakhe ukuze zibonise ukuthi bazibheka kanjani ngokoqobo, ibanga kusuka amazinga ajwayelekile zezemfundo in umdwebo.

Ngo-1914, uPawulu Klee wahambela Tunisia. Ngesikhathi ngivakashile, umculi ekugcineni akha, eyinqaba nje kuye ukunambitheka ekhethekile coloristic. Akukaze nanini Klee azange abhale kakhulu ngendlela esikhathini esifanayo. Kusukela ngaphansi isandla sakhe imidwebo, uwoyela lemifanekiso edwetshiwe ( "Kairouan", "esekelwe Hammamet").

Kwathi lapho kugqashuka iMpi Yezwe II, uPawulu Klee ngabuthelwa ebuthweni. Wayengahlezi bathunyelwa epini, futhi wayala ukupenda fuselage of izindiza zempi. Ngisho nakuleli nenkathi enzima ka-garde wathola ithuba ukuqhubeka imidwebo. Ngemva kwaphela impi wabuyela Munich uPawulu Klee. Lo mbukiso imidwebo yakhe wawuba ngasekuqaleni 1920. Kwangezikhathi limelelwa ke, okuningi okufana nemidwebo wengane. Kwakumelwe bakudala ngokwemvelo, kodwa uyingane futhi yabakhanga abathandi art. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi waqala isigaba esisha empilweni okudala umculi.

Ngo 20-30-yalolucwaningo ngaphezu ukubhala imidwebo kwakuhileleke yena ekufundiseni esikoleni of design nobuciko kanye nasekwakheni Bauhaus. Ngo-1925, imidwebo yakhe banikezwe embukisweni surrealist Paris. Ngemva uHitler eqala ukubusa Klee ngo-1933 waya eSwitzerland, lapho afike achitha khona iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, sathatha omunye 2 Isentha imisebenzi (Berne futhi Zurich). Eminyakeni 55, umculi kwatholakala scleroderma. Kuyinto kusukela lesi sifo ngo-1940 futhi wafa uPawulu Klee. Painting, ke, senani Udlule imidwebo 9000. Cishe ingxenye yabo kubukiswe namuhla anikezelwe umsebenzi wakhe isikhungo elise Bern. Zonke ezinye yobuciko kombhali kungabonakala zemibukiso kanye ezizimele emhlabeni wonke.

Paul Klee ngesikhathi Pushkin Museum

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi igama lomculi isikhathi eside emi esiteji okufanayo enjalo avant-garde abaculi njengoba Matisse, Kandinsky kanye Picasso, umsebenzi wakhe e-Russia, kuze kube muva babungaqondakali ezaziwayo. Isimo sashintsha ngemva Disemba 2014, March 2015. Pushkin e Moscow Museum wasingatha nokuchaza imidwebo Klee "Akulona usuku ngaphandle umugqa." nabalandeli bakhe imidwebo ethulwa 150 yemisebenzi yakhe okuqondene izigaba ezahlukene ukuphila okudala master. Abahleli balo mbukiso uke wakhipha ngendlela yokuthi nombhali imidwebo usukela yonke indlela ukuba ekwakheni iqembu lakhe njengoba avant-garde, kusukela imidwebo ekuseni futhi liphetha ngamazwi imidwebo kamuva.

Isici wizadi isitayela

Kuyini zikhanga kangaka abathandi yobuciko yesimanje, uPawulu Klee? Imidwebo ngu lo mbhali abonakala kalula inqubo ngokubulawa. Awakwazi isibaluli kwanoma yisiphi isitayela esisodwa. Ngo izakhi bakudala kombhali axhunyiwe, surrealism Cubist futhi Fauve. Malula futsi ngokungagunci nangokucacile lemigqa kuhlangene Ukukhetha anekhono imibala wenza imidwebo Klee yobuciko yobuciko, yena - genius.

Imidwebo ekuseni 20-yalolucwaningo

Omunye imisebenzi yesiteleka kakhulu avant-garde kungenziwa ngokuthi "Diana umoya ekwindla" (1921). Imigqa abanganaki kwesokunxele umculi ephepheni, kuyabonakala ngalé usinamathelise ngentokazi. Echaza njengoba umoya ucosha amaqabunga amagagasi okulula Indwangu igqoka, Klee idalwe ngempumelelo inkohliso ukunyakaza efomini eqandisiwe. Ngenxa imibala esithambile futhi efudumele isithombe ibonakala ashukumisayo nakakhulu, emoyeni kanye umculo. Kusukela intokazi ohlabayo izinkathazo futhi lokuhle futhi ukuthi isimo idluliswe ubhekisisa isithombe ababukeli. Kodwa ngendwangu futhi wazizwa amanothi sad: isithombe ashukumisayo ubhekisela yokuthi intsha kufushane, nakude hhayi off ekwindla zokuphila, kusukela lapho akunakwenzeka ukufihla.

imizwa Abobulili kubangele iphethini weJiyomethri umdwebi "Senecio", wadala ngo-1922 kusukela ngendwangu ekubukeni ubukele umlingisi-nosomahlaya nge ngendlela ephambene neyemvelo round, efana buso, ikhanda lakhe. Wakhe elingenalo olinganise ubuso sehlukaniswe calandze ezinemibala ehlukahlukene, namehlo abomvu bheka bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi esithombeni kukhona ububanzi nice imibala, kusukela amagalelo akhe abandayo nokukhathazeka. Ngu esibonisa zeJiyomethri ebusweni umlingisi, umculi wazama ukudlulisela yakhe emhlabeni kwangaphakathi, kuyinto encike ngqo kwi esigabeni yokuphindukuzalwa.

Incazelo "Cats and Birds"

Paul Klee walithanda ezifuywayo futhi ngokuvamile ngesineke kubo on ngendwangu. Ngo-1928 yena wadala "Cat futhi Bird" yakhe edumile. Isithombe sigcinwa nge-zaveza ngamafutha lilondolozwe New York Museum of Modern Art. Indwangu ehlotshiswe ikhanda sandy-yellow cat sika, emabunzini okuyinto bahoshé inyoni encane ebomvana. Isilwane sivela lapha njengoba umzingeli. Kuye ikhombe inyamazane yayo futhi kuletha ngamehlo akhe oluhlaza omkhulu. inyoni Carefree akazi ukuthi nalo kusengaphambili, futhi imizuzwana embalwa kamuva uyofa imihlathi nomzingeli begazi. Ptah ngeke bakwazi ukubaleka. Itjengisa lokhu nombala walo wezimpi ezalandela, futhi ilitshe ungenisa Klee ilungelo phezu komzimba wakhe.

lokusungula befa

Kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe baqhubeka ukudala uPawulu Klee. Imidwebo engu-zakhe zokugcina okusikhumbuza imidwebo yezingane nakakhulu. Phakathi imisebenzi yakamuva kakhulu yi-master zihlanganisa "Ukufa Nomlilo". It yadalwa ngo-1940, lapho wayeyisazi yayigula. umugqa lwasekuqaleni kuhlangene imibala emnyama adlulisele nakho kwangaphakathi Klee. Esikhathini ongaphambili Umdwebo okubonisa kokufa ubuso ngokumamatheka esabekayo kabani babonakala ngempela. Ngemuva kokuthi ukubonwa likhungethwe bacishe bayifunda yonke umkhathizwe amalangabi esondela indoda armless. Cishe, ngomfanekiso umlingisi echaza Klee yena, uzizwa kusondela ukufa futhi uyaqonda singenamandla bakhe phambi kwakhe.

Ngo naphezu kokugula kakhulu, unyaka afa ngawo waba elikhiqizayo kakhulu umculi. Ngokwakha ekhethekile yayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungathandi isitayela lokubhala, Klee bahlala bethembekile kuye kuze ngomzuzu wokugcina.