Pathopsychology - Iyini? izindlela kokulinganisa pathopsychology

Pathopsychology - ingenye ethize amasimu isayensi. Idatha etholwe ucwaningo ngaphakathi lesi siyalo, kunenani elikhulu theory kanye nama-practical. Cabangela eminye imininingwane elisekela psychopathology.

izici Jikelele

Emphakathini lwesayensi lwanamuhla kukhona ukuxuba imiqondo ehlukene, ukusetshenziswa engalungile lapho behumusha. Kule ndaba, isidingo sokuhlala ngokuhlukana zemvelo Psychology okungafanele psychopathology. Lesi sakamuva kubhekwa igatsha wesayensi yezokwelapha. It is egxile ekutadisheni syndromes, izimpawu kwengqondo uhlelo ukugula. Njengengxenye isiyalo wafunda zonke izinhlobo kuphazamiseka netindlela zabo. Pathopsychology isakhiwo esekelwe imithetho nokuthuthuka kwengqondo okuvamile. It ihlola futhi eqhathanisa ukubola izici zobuntu nge izinqubo evamile. Ngenxa yalokho, bobabili laba wesayensi babe lezinto esifanayo sokufunda, kodwa izinto ezahlukene.

imisebenzi

Pathopsychology - kuyinto isayensi okuhloswe ngazo ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nesimo lesiguli. Ikakhulukazi, ucwaningo kukhonjelwe yakhe engqondweni yethu umsebenzi, ngokomzwelo futhi volitional, umuntu iyonke. Lolu lwazi luyadingeka ukuze kutholwe isifo. Kokulinganisa izindlela pathopsychology kungathola izimpawu ezinhlobonhlobo neziyaluyalu, setha isakhiwo sabo futhi ukuxhumana nabanye. Enye inkinga kubalulekile ingaxazululwa kohlaka iseluleko ukuze baqhube izifundo luhlolo (zokwahlulela, ezempi, labour). Phakathi nale nqubo, uchwepheshe kungaba ukusungula iziyaluyalu isakhiwo nobudlelwane phakathi kwezinhlangano umsebenzi njengoba yayinjalo ngengqondo noma lokwenza ukuxilongwa umehluko. Lolu cwaningo lihlotshaniswa nobunzima ezithile. Kulindeleke ngokuyinhloko isithakazelo lesiguli. Kule ndaba, isiguli singase bakuthathe kalula ukwephula izimpawu, abaqinise, noma ngisho sengathi ukugwema noma yimuphi umthwalo ukukhubazeka. Enye inkinga ukuthi uzimisela pathopsychology - isifundo esiphathelene izinguquko bedle yokwelapha. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isicelo uhlobo olufanayo iqoqo amasu. Ucwaningo okuphindaphindiwe nabo nge isimo isikhulumi ifakiwe, ukuphumelela ukwelashwa kunqunywa.

izici ezingeziwe

Eminyakeni yamuva, pathopsychology zokuhlola bajwayela ukubhekana eyengeziwe imisebenzi emibili. Amadili lokuqala ne nokuvuselelwa. Phakathi kwabo okuningi abayinakanga ochwepheshe ukubona izinhlangothi yayinjalo zobuntu psyche yesiguli sami esithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sifunda isimo senhlalo esiguli, ubunjalo ubudlelwane nabanye abantu, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nezilungiselelo umsebenzi. Umsebenzi yalolu cwaningo ukuthuthukisa izincomo ukuthi wayeyobe enikela ukululama ngokushesha. Eyesibili ezimele umsebenzi nabocwephesha iqhaza kwabo emisebenzini psychotherapeutic. Lapha Nokho, kuyafaneleka ukuba indaba udokotela iqhaza kuzo akwanele ezilungisiwe ezingeni zomthetho.

Ukuthuthukiswa isayensi

Njengoba igatsha esizimele pathopsychology waqala ukuthatha ukuma ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ukumeleleka esicace lodaba yesayensi kubonakala emsebenzini spondylitis. Ngokusho kwakhe, pathopsychology - yinqubo ukutadisha ukubonakaliswa normal emabangeni yokuqala ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo. Lesi sikhungo ihlelwe Bekhterev ukufunda izifundo ezihlukahlukene. Kulokhu umugqa ngokushesha Kwaba sobala nokuthi kwakunendlela ukuthi bekumnyama tshu yoke indawo.Wahlukanisa Psychology okungafanele psychopathology.

basezindlini

Kusukela ekuqaleni yentuthuko umkhakha ezisekelwe emasikweni enamandla ngesayensi yemvelo. Kumiswa izimiso nezindlela lomsebenzi eyenziwa ngaphansi kwethonya Sechenov. Okubaluleke kakhulu-ke unamathisele ukuhlobana okukhona phakathi kwengqondo wezifo zengqondo. Bekhterev, owalandela Sechenov sika endleleni. He kubhekwa umsunguli we umkhakha pathopsychological kwezesayensi ngokwengqondo. Abamele esikoleni sakhe baye basungula eziningi izindlela sokutadisha le uphazamisekile emqondweni. Namuhla kabanzi isiyalo. futhi izimiso eziyisisekelo isifundo ziye zavela:

1. Ukusetshenziswa amasu eziyinkimbinkimbi.
2. Uhlaziyo qualitative elokugula ngengqondo.
3. indlela ngamunye.
4. Ukuqhathanisa imiphumela iziguli cwaningo ngolwazi mayelana ubuso enempilo, ngokulandelana, ubulili, ubudala, izinga kwamasiko.

izingane pathopsychology

Ngaphambi isayensi sekukhona Zeigarnik imisebenzi, kwakukhona umbono ukuthi eziningi iziyaluyalu Neurotic ukuziphatha lesiguli isiqala bayeke sezingeni leliphasi, eveza isigaba esithile ekukhuleni kwengane. Ngokusekelwe kulo mqondo, izazi eziningi ziye azama ukuhlonza le ukuxhumana phakathi inqubo nokwahlukana ubuntu futhi isigaba ethize ebuntwaneni. Ngokwesibonelo, Kretschmer baletha eduze nokucabanga ukuthuthukiswa schizophrenic ingane. Ngo-1966, ngesikhathi 8th International Congress Azhuriagerra (usosayensi Swiss) khulumela wokugoqa egqinsiwe engqondo kusukela phezulu ukuya amafomu ephansi. Lezi ziphetho zazisekelwe inombolo kokuma:

1. Kwezinye izifo, iziguli bangalahlekelwa ukukwazi kwabo ukwenza ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi imisebenzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo baye lalilokhu amakhono elula.
2. Ezinye izinhlobo ukuziphatha iziyaluyalu nemisebenzi engqondo zifane izenzo kanye ukucabanga kwengane.

Luria Zeigarnik, Rubinstein pathopsychology nezinto eziphilayo imithetho

Idatha yalezi abacwaningi ukhathazekile iziyaluyalu ukucabanga, ukufunda nokubhala e iziguli isifo semithambo, isifo i-Alzheimer, ngubani nokulimala engqondweni. Ngokolwazi wathola, iphuzu entsha ye umbono iye kugomela. Kwakuwusuku yokuthi okwesikhathi lokugula ngengqondo kuthonywa imithetho yemvelo. Abakwazi ukuphinda izimiso futhi izigaba yentuthuko. Ngisho nalapho lesi sifo sihlasela abasha, neminyango kaHulumeni ubuchopho, psyche isiguli akusho ukuthola isakhiwo izingane ngendlela efanele usaqala yentuthuko. Iqiniso lokuthi isiguli akakwazi ukukhuluma futhi bacabanga ngendlela esezingeni eliphezulu, lubonise ukulahlekelwa amafomu eyinkimbinkimbi cognition nokuziphatha. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi ebuyiselwa isinyathelo yezingane.

ithiyori Myasishcheva

Yena nawo afeza indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni psychopathology. Ngokwe-mbono, umuntu womuntu uchazwa ngokuthi ubuhlobo uhlelo inhlangano nezwe elingaphandle. ekusebenzisaneni okunjalo zihlukaniswa isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi obonakaliswe umsebenzi ngokwengqondo. Lesi sifo senza izinguquko abese ebhubhisa isimiso ubudlelwano kwakhiwa. Lezi zinkinga, e kungase kubangele isifo. Ngalesi uhlobo ukungqubuzana Myasischev uphenyo kwengqondo.