Okuqukethwe nokuhlaziywa "Ubani eRussia okufanele aphile kahle"

Eminyakeni emibili emva kokwethulwa kwezinguquko ezintsha, u-Nikolai Nekrasov waqala ukusebenza emsebenzini owawubaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe. Kwase kuyiminyaka eminingi esebenza kulo mbhalo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, inkondlo yadalwa lapho umlobi engakhulumi kuphela ukuveza usizi lwabantu, kodwa kanye nabalingiswa bakhe bafuna ukuphendula imibuzo elandelayo: "Iyini injabulo yabantu?", "Indlela yokufeza ngayo?", "Ingabe umuntu angajabula phakathi nosizi lwamazwe wonke?" Ukuhlaziywa kwe- "Ngubani Ohlala E-Russia" kuyadingeka ukuze uthole ukuthi imifanekiso nezindlela zobuciko zasiza uNekrasov ukuphendula le mibuzo enzima.

Injongo

Ukuqala umsebenzi, umbhali wayengazi kahle impendulo yale mibuzo ephazamisayo. Lezi zikhathi ezinzima emlandweni wabantu baseRussia. Ukuqedwa kwe-serfdom akuzange kube lula impilo yabalimi. Uhlelo lokuqala lwamaNekrasov lwalokhu ukuthi abalimi bezindwendwe babuyela ekhaya ngemuva kokusesha okungenalutho. Enkonzweni yomsebenzi, i-storyline ishintshile ngandlela-thile. Izenzakalo zenkondlo zathonywe izinqubo ezibalulekile zenhlalo. Njengabalingiswa bomsebenzi wakhe, u-Nekrasov uzimisele ukuphendula umbuzo: "Ingabe kulungile ukuhlala eRussia?" Futhi uma esigabeni sokuqala somsebenzi enkondlweni umbhali angatholi izizathu zempendulo enhle, khona-ke emphakathini kukhona abamele intsha abathola ngempela injabulo yabo ekuhambeni "Kubantu."

Isibonelo esibangelisayo kwaba uthisha othize owake wabhala encwadini eya kuNekrasov ukuthi ubhekene nemigodi yangempela yenjabulo emsebenzini wakhe phakathi kwabantu. Umbongi uzimisele ukusebenzisa isithombe salolu ntombazane ekuthuthukiseni i-storyline. Kodwa anginaso isikhathi. Wafa ngaphandle kokuqeda umsebenzi emsebenzini wakhe. Inkondlo ethi "Ohlala eRussia aphile kahle" uNekhrasov wabhala kuze kube yilapho esekupheleni kwezinsuku zokuphila kwakhe, kodwa wahlala engapheli.

Isitayela sobuciko

Ukuhlaziywa "Ohlala E-Russia" kubonisa isici esiyinhloko somsebenzi. Kusukela encwadini kaNekrasov mayelana nabantu, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, kuye wasebenzisa inkulumo yabantu kuzo zonke izinhlobonhlobo zayo. Le nkondlo iyi-epic, enye yemigomo yayo yayikukhombisa impilo njengoba kunjalo. Indima ebalulekile kulo mlando idlalwa ama-fabulous motifs.

Isisekelo samasiko

Kuboleke kakhulu i-Nekrasov kusuka kobuciko bomuntu. Ukuhlaziywa ukuthi "Ngubani Ohlala E-Russia" kuvumela abagxekayo ukuba babonise iziqephu, izinganekwane nezaga ukuthi umlobi abasebenzisa ngokugcwele ematheksthini. Sekuvele kusengaphambili kukhona ama-folklore ekhanyayo. Lapha kukhona futhi i-chiffchaff, ne-textile-samobranka, nemifanekiso eminingi yesilwane yendaba yabantu baseRussia. Futhi abazulazula abalimi ngokwabo bazikhumbuza amaqhawe we-bylinas kanye nezinganekwane. Esikhathini sokuqala kukhona nezinamba ezinezincazelo ezingcwele: eziyisikhombisa nezintathu.

Isakhiwo

Abalimi bephikisana ngokuthi ubani okufanele aphile kahle eRussia. I-Nekrasov, ngokusebenzisa le nqubo, yembula isihloko esiyinhloko senkondlo. Ama-Heroes anikeza izinketho eziningi "zenhlanhla". Phakathi kwabo kukhona abameleli abahlanu bezingxenye ezehlukene zomphakathi kanye nenkosi uqobo. Ukuze uphendule umbuzo onjalo ovusa amadlingozi, ama-Wanderers aqala uhambo olude. Kodwa banesikhathi sokubuza ngenjabulo kuphela umpristi nomnikazi wendawo. Ngenkathi yenkondlo, imibuzo ejwayelekile ishintshela kokunye okukhonkolo. Abasimilayo banesithakazelo enjabulweni yabantu abasebenza. Yebo, futhi umqondo wokulandisa uzoba nzima ukuyisebenzisa, uma amadoda ajwayelekile ezama ukuvakashela inkosi ngokwakhe ngezinkinga zakhe zefilosofi.

Izithombe ezithandekayo

Esikhathini senkondlo kunemifanekiso eminingi enhle. Kwabanye, umbhali ulalelisisa, ukhuluma ngabanye kuphela ekudluleni. Okuvamile kunazo zonke yi-portrait ye-Yakima Nagoya. Ukubonakala kwangaphandle kwalowo mlingiswa kufanekisela impilo yokulahlwa okuyisici sokuphila kwezilwane eRussia. Kodwa naphezu komsebenzi onzima, uJakim akazange akwenze lukhuni umphefumulo wakhe. Ukuhlaziywa kwe "Who Lives Well eRussia" kunikeza umbono ocacile wokuthi uNekhrasov wabona noma wayefuna ukubona abamele abantu abasebenza. Yakim, naphezu kwezimo ezingabhubhisi lapho ayephoqeleka ukuba khona khona, akazange abe munyu. Uqoqa zonke izithombe zendodana yakhe izithombe, azibonga futhi aziphanye ezindongeni. Futhi phakathi nomlilo, uziphonsa emlilweni ukuze asindise izithombe zakhe ezithandayo kuqala. Kodwa umfanekiso we-Yakim uhlukile kunabalingiswa abathembekile. Okushiwo empilweni yakhe akugcini kuphela ekusebenzeni nasekuphuzeni. Inani elikhulu kuye futhi lizindla ngehle.

Izimpendulo zobuciko

Enkondlweni i-Nekrasov esivela kumakhasi okuqala isebenzisa uphawu. Amagama kanye namadolobhana azikhulumela wona. I-Zaplatovo, iRazatovo neDyryavino zifanekisela indlela yokuphila yabakhileyo bayo. I-pravdoiskateli ihlangana ngesikhathi sokuhamba nabantu abahlukene, kodwa umbuzo wokuthi ubani eRussia ohlala kahle, futhi uhlala evulekile. Izinhlekelele zabantu abavamile baseRussia bavuleka ngaphambi komfundi. Ukuze anikeze ubuhle nokukholisa ekulandiseni, umlobi wethula inkulumo eqondile. I-Pop, umninimzi, uTrofim wezitini, Matryona Timofeevna - bonke laba balingisi bakhuluma ngokuphila kwabo, futhi kusukela ezindabeni zabo kukhona isithombe esiphezulu sokuphila kwabantu baseRussia.

Njengoba ukuphila komuntu ohlala ezweni kungenakulinganiswa nhlobo nemvelo, incazelo yayo ihambisana ngokuvumelana nenkondlo. Isithombe esivamile sekhaya sidalwe kusuka emininingwaneni eminingi.

Isithombe sabaphathi bezindlu

Ngokuqinisekile umninikhaya uyisitha esiyinhloko sabasimi. Ummeli wokuqala wale nhlangano yezenhlalakahle, ohlangene namaWanderers, unikeza impendulo egcwele ngokugcwele embuzweni wabo. Ekhuluma ngokuphila komuntu ocebile esikhathini esidlule, uthi yena uqobo wayephatha njalo abalimi ngomusa. Futhi wonke umuntu wayejabule, futhi akekho ozwa usizi. Manje konke kushintshile. Izinsimu zisezincithakalweni, indoda ishaywa ngokuphelele ngezandla. Iphutha lonke ukuguqulwa kuka-1861. Kodwa isibonelo esilandelayo esiphilayo se "ekilasini elihloniphekile", ebonakala endleleni yabalimi, sinomfanekiso wokucindezela, umhlukumezi nomthengi. Uhola ukuphila okukhululekile nokulula, akudingeki asebenze. Konke kuye kwenza abalimi abancike kuye. Ngisho nokuqedwa kwe-serfdom akuthintanga impilo yakhe engenzi lutho.

Grisha Dobroskolov

Umbuzo obhalwe nguNekrasov uhlala uvulekile. Abasimilayo baphila kanzima, futhi waphupha ngokushintsha okungcono. Akekho kulabo abahlangana ngendlela yabahambeli, akuyona indoda ejabule. I-Serfdom iqedile, kodwa umbuzo wezilwane awukakulungiswa ekugcineni. Izingxabano ezinamandla zezinguquko zenziwa kokubili ekilasini lomninikhaya kanye nabantu abasebenza. Kodwa, ngaphandle kokwazi, abalimi bathola lokho ababekufunayo, ngomfanekiso kaGrisha Dobrosklonov.

Kungani eRussia ingahlala kahle kuphela i-scoundrel futhi imali-i-grubber iyacaca uma uhlamvu luvela enkondlweni. Isiphetho sakhe asilula, njengekusasa labanye abameleli besigaba sokusebenza. Kodwa, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlamvu emsebenzini we-Nekrasov, i-Grisha ayibonakali ngokulalela ezimweni.

Isithombe sikaGregory Dobrosklonov sichaza imizwa yokuguquguquka eyaqala ukuvela emphakathini engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-XIX. Esiphethweni senkondlo, nakuba singapheli, i-Nekrasov ayiniki impendulo yombuzo, ekufuneni ukuthi abaningi abafuna iqiniso bezulazula yini, kodwa kubonisa ukuthi injabulo yabantu isengenzeka. Futhi hhayi indima yokugcina kuyo kuyodlala imibono kaGrisha Dobrosklonov.