Nikolay Nikolaevich Gen (umculi): Umlando nemisebenzi

inkosi yayiqaphela ezime ngobude, kanye ukudalwa Imidwebo amaVangeli zomlando baba evelele umdwebi Russian Nikolay Nikolaevich Gen. Umculi ithalente okungavamile, wathatha indawo ngokuqinile emlandweni art Russian njengommeleli ke entsha umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela ukunyakaza.

Esakhula

Nikolay Nikolaevich Genesise, umculi, ogama portrait uvezwa ekuqaleni, wazalwa Februwari 27, 1831 epulazini sifundazwe Ivanovo Chernigov, emkhayeni ifike. Engajwayelekile Russian igama indlebe wayekweleta uyisemkhulu, immigrated abavela eFrance ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII. Esikhathini sokuqala, kulotshiwe - Gay. ukuzalwa kwengane kwaqondana esabekayo ikholera ubhubhane zineminyaka ezifundazweni eziningi isiRashiya, futhi ufune ukuphila kanina, lapho Nicholas lokuqala budalulwa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yonke ukukhathazeka ngaye babelwa womunye wabesifazane uyise serfs.

Ngokusho emasikweni inkathi, imfundo yamabanga aphansi ekhaya esengumfana, futhi kamuva walethwa Kiev, lapho wabhalisa esikoleni esiphakeme. Kunobufakazi bokuthi kule nkathi abafundisi waphawula ithalente lakhe kwamandla ukudweba, kodwa ubaba akhawunti nezinye izinhlelo zakhe. Ngemva kokuphothula umatikuletsheni, uyabanxusa indodana yakhe ukungena University of Kiev eMnyangweni Mathematics.

Kusukela-University of the Academy of Arts

Melana intando kayise Nicholas akazange alinge, kodwa indawo lapho beya ezifundweni zabo akhetha ukungazifaki Kiev and St Petersburg University, lapho libhaliswe Faculty of Mathematics. Nokho, yini dream ngakho uNikolay Gen. Umculi, hhayi sezibalo, wahlala khona emphefumulweni wakhe, futhi kwaba kubi nakakhulu ngokucacile wagomela uqobo. Zonke isikhathi khulula ayihlala e-Hermitage, ukukopishela imidwebo abaculi ayibonwa.

Umphumela waba ngempela nkomoni - ngawo-1850, uNicholas eshiya eyunivesithi kanye owaba umfundi we -St Petersburg Academy of Arts. Lapha awe kakhulu ekilasini uthisha, futhi owaziwa kakhulu ngalezo zinsuku Petersburg umculi P. Basin. Esikoleni, wachitha iminyaka eyisithupha ukufunda namaqhinga ezohwebo, futhi abazama ukulingisa abadwebi imisebenzi kabani umenze okuvelayo namandla ngokukhethekile.

Thixo wayo oyinhloko kuleyo minyaka engu Karl Bryullov, futhi, ngokuvumelana abagxeki abaningi, umculi UNikolai Gen ngokucacile kuthonywa umsebenzi wakhe. Njengoba base bethole ngo-1857 sokuloba ngempumelelo mqondo kwesokudla ukuya eYurophu ngezithukuthuku Academy, washiya Russia. Ohambweni lwakhe, wahambela eSwitzerland, eJalimane, eFrance nase-Italy.

Impumelelo nokubonwa

ERoma, kukhona umhlangano nomunye nezithombe zakhe kuleyo minyaka - A. Ivanov, owayesebenza kwi imidwebo ngezihloko zeBhayibheli, okuyinto bayahlonishwa UNikolai Gen. Phesheya, njengasekuqaleni, yena uzinika isikhathi esiningi lokubhala ekumeni. Omunye imisebenzi yakhe iphumelele kakhulu kulesi sikhathi Kumiswa 1858, indaba emfushane portrait ngumkayo. Kodwa isihloko sakhe uhlala izifundo zebhayibheli, classical.

Ngo-1861, sengibuyile phesheya, uNikolai Gen sikhombisa lo mbukiso olandelayo at the Academy of Arts wefilimu yakhe entsha "ukuthiwa iSidlo Sokugcina", okuyinto kwaba uhlobo isasasa. Naphezu reception nomdlandla omphakathi, ukucwaninga izici wamphatha nobutha kakhulu, isola kumbhali ekukhuthazeni nokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo nokuziphatha nihilism. Kuye sinqatshiwe ukwenza ikhophi yalo.

Konke kwashintsha lapho ngendwangu ukuqoqa yakhe uqobo ngithenge uMbusi u-Alexander II, lapho ngokushesha wenza umculi eyaziwa. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, Academy of Arts, beqaphela okusezingeni eliphezulu lahlonishwa imidwebo futhi ezwakalisa ubumbano abanokubukwa kombusi, waphuthuma ukhuthaze UNikolai Gen. Umdwebi waklonyeliswa isihloko Uprofesa.

Sibuyela E-Italy

Jabulile ngempumelelo futhi isivele baqashelwa ngokomthetho, umculi Gen Nikolay Nikolaevich e 1864 wabuyela e-Italy, lapho kudala eziningi imidwebo esibonisa izigcawu lezi zincwadi eTestamenteni Elisha. Esinye sezici ezivelele kwesikhathi Italian uba ekuhlanganeni kwakhe waseHerzen futhi umsebenzi isithombe sakhe.

Asikwazi ukuvumela wonke riskiness we ebhizinisini, waseHerzen ngokusemthethweni efakwe ohlwini njengeselelesi isimo, ebalekela ubulungiswa phesheya, kanye kudalwa isithombe sakhe kungabonwa njengophawu lwenhlonipho zezombusazwe. Nokho, kwaba le imidwebo, abulawe ngesikhathi irekhodi - sessions emihlanu nje - waqaphela njengoba ngokuhle kunakho konke kwawo ekumeni ebhaliwe. Ukuze wajabha olukhulu UNikolai Nikolaevich, imidwebo yakhe "Lumemezela Wovuko," usuku oqede futhi wathumela ekhaya, azange abe impumelelo nomphakathi. Ngo-1869, umdwebi ebuyela eRussia.

Kugcine isikhathi Petersburg

Caught phakathi ukuphila edolobheni, Gen yokuzihlanganisa Peredvizhnik esizayo futhi babehileleke ukulungiswa embukisweni wabo wokuqala, labavulekela ngo-1871. Ngalo libonisa umphakathi yayo enhle eyaziwa kakhulu namuhla wobuciko "UPetru mina interrogates Tsarevich Alexei ePeterhof." Umdwebo ubelokhu eqashelwa phakathi izivakashi, ngisho studio umdwebi sika yathengwa P. Tretyakov - edumile ngalendoda Russian futhi UMuphi.

Eminyakeni emine ezayo wachitha Petersburg, umculi kudala igalari ekumeni abamele ovelele nezazi Russian. Phakathi kwabo, Turgenev, Nekrasov nabanye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngabona ukukhanya wadala portrait sculptural ka V Belinsky.

Ukuhamba ku Ukraine

Ngo 1875 uNikolai eshiya unaphakade Petersburg, kokuba iyiswe Ukraine, ethola indlu esifundazweni Chernigov. Isizathu sokuhamba kwakhe, abacwaningi bakholelwa lokudala futhi anganeliseki impahla izinkinga, ukucasulwa isikhathi. Uma sisuke emsindweni inhlokodolobha sika Kye iyeke cishe ngokuphelele Umdwebo amakilasi futhi azinikele ngokuphelele nezindaba inkolo futhi kuhlanzekile ngokokuziphatha. isidingo kakhulu kuphela iphoqa ukuba bathathe ibhulashi nokubhala ngokwezifiso eni of the ocebile wendawo.

ukunyukela Creative ekupheleni ukuphila umdwebi sika

Ngo 1882, Gen waya eMoscow. Lokhu kwakuyisiqalo ukunyukela zobuciko, kuphawulwa ukudalwa emidwebweni ezifana "Phuma kusukela weSidlo Sokugcina", "uJuda", "Liyini iqiniso?" Kanye nezinye imisebenzi ku izindikimba ivangeli. Omunye zokugcina imidwebo ithebula self-portrait yakhe, ayeyibhale ngonyaka ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe. umculi Gay, ogama biography buhlobene eduze umsebenzi wakhe, wabulawa 13 Juni, 1894. Ngokwabacwaningi, inani main yokusungulwa wakhe angase abizwe ngokuthi umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela movement in the imidwebo yezindaba Gospel. Lo mculi Russian Gen wenza umnikelo art emhlabeni.