Nereditsa Church. Isonto koMsindisi ku Nereditsa

Ilya Glazunov has umdwebo omuhle ebizwa ngokuthi 'uyiNkosi Novgorod Elikhulu. " Temple, afanekiselwa kuso, indawo yayo, amasimu azungeze zifana kakhulu Nereditsa Church. Akumangalisi, ibuye etholakala eduze Novgorod, bese esabalala like esithombeni Volkhov izimfunda.

Rurik - Izikhulu wokuqala Russian

ERussia, amathempeli bebelokhu eyakhelwe endaweni ephakeme kakhulu - ubuhlobo bakhe noNkulunkulu. Esifundeni ikhasi eliphakeme - Nereditsa. On ke, futhi kukhona uyithempeli likaMoya isimo. Wayinikela ekubhujisweni amadodana amabili efile, Yaroslav. Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi isidlaliso "Izazi" ukhohlwe ukwengeza igama elithi "unya." Awunayo iminwe ngokwanele kubala linani lebantfwana ngamunye isinqumo eRussia Rurik. Indodana Yuriya Dolgorukogo, Vsevolod, ngenxa inani nawomkabo nabantwana wethiwa "Isidleke Big". Izikhulu wafa, phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwawo umzalwane walwa umfowabo, indodana noyise, ubaba endodaneni. Osanta wokuqala Russian - Boris futhi Gleb, Yaroslava Mudrogo abafowethu Svyatopolk, okuyinto version olusemthethweni ebabulala, okuyiwona wathola isidlaliso "Uqalekisiwe." Kukholakala sehla ezandleni Yaroslav. Noma kunjalo, Nereditsa Isonto ngokwengxenye, kwakungenxa azinikele kubo, futhi ngokuba ithempeli esiyingqayizivele Umdwebo esitolo ubhekene abangcwele wokuqala Russian.

Indawo ethempelini

Ithempeli lamiswao eduze yokuhlala Yaroslav, amakhilomitha amathathu ukusuka Novgorod. Wafaka ethempelini lakhe eduze kwemibhoshongo ensimini ka komnikazi. Manje kule ndawo kuyinto lesikhumbuzo abavubukuli, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- "Rurik indunduma," futhi ingxenye enkulu yefa zomlando ohlwini onesihloko esithi "I-Great Novgorod", ivikelwe UNESCO. Okukhulu kakhulu, etholakala emhlabeni kamuva kancane isimo Nereditsa, yabizwa ngokuthi "uMsindisi phezu kwendunduma yenhlabathi." Ngo Novgorod esikhathini wokubusa Yaroslav waqhuba isakhiwo sesonto asebenzayo. Ngokungafani eziningi St Sophia Cathedral ngasekupheleni XII kanye ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIII ngenkuthalo amasonto amancane ngosayizi. Ibandla isendaweni lomfula Spasskaya. Odlule esontweni ngathatha umgwaqo oya eMoscow. Esakhiwe kwelinye ihlobo 1198 Nereditsa Isonto laliwukuphela kwesakhiwo lokugcina Yaroslav kulomhlaba. Novgorod axoshwe kuye. Kodwa kwaba isikhulu zokugcina nokwakhiwa ngokuvamile - Novgorod baba idolobha khulula.

Imibandela eqinisekisa ubuqobelo

Ngu uqobo, ibandla elincane, kuyilapho ekukhiqizeni umbono umxhwele. Naye ngokufanayo, iyingxenye ifa komlando "Omkhulu Novgorod", kanye namanye amasonto walondoloza lakhiwa Yaroslav nababengaphambi kwakhe. Amasampula amasonto Kiev, kuthathwe njengesisekelo, ingenza ngamasiko endawo commercial, ukunambitheka leli dolobha bokubeka abaklami abaculi. Bazitholela okwakhe ngenxa yesimo kokwakhiwa itshe wokwakha izindonga kanye nemishini. Kwaba ehlukile - izingqimba yanjalo embondelene plinfy (kusuka e-limestone izitini), itshe zendawo, workability abampofu, ne ukwengeza isixazululo chips brick Volkhov namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe. Ngenxa semfene izindonga plinfy babe anolaka. Konke lokhu engavamile futhi sanikeza ukwakhiwa sendawo niche ahlukene ngokuthi "sesakhiwo Novgorod Land", okuyinto omele ejwayelekile ka Nereditsa Church.

lezi amathempeli

Ubuncane balesi siqiwu, ithempeli, ukuba okubhekisele Isiphawulo "Chamber", waba nawo behlonipha amadodana ababulewe, futhi uJesu wazalwa ethuneni kwesikhulu. Isakhiwo kwenziwe yi Tempo esasizosheshisa, isikhathi irekhodi - izinyanga 4 kuphela, kodwa zonke esilandelayo 1199 ibandla ngesineke. Ngo ifomu bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo (owodwa-Dome cubical isonto) Bandla uMsindisi ku Nereditsa sifana ngezakhiwo zamasonto esakhiwe ngezikhathi ezifanayo. Kakhulu onjengaye kukhona isimo Cathedral Pereyaslav-Zalessky, uDemetriyu Cathedral uVladimir, isonto Pyatnitskaya e Chernigov, iSonto we Annunciation ku Arkazhi, uPetru noPawulu Sinichnoy usizi nabanye. Bonke bangabangasokile uhlobo eyinhloko sesonto lobu-Orthodox. Ukwakhiwa itshe isonto cross-oluyingungu e laseRussia laqala ukwakhiwa e Kiev Tithe isonto ekupheleni X leminyaka, ukwakhiwa asebenzayo bamabandla lolu hlobo umsebenzi uyaqhubeka namuhla. Kuyinto osukwini lwethu ukubuyisela wabhubhisa amandla izindawo zaseSoviet yokukhulekela nokwakha amasha. Futhi okuhle ukuthi ukugcina isimo sabo esivela Orthodox ethempelini isiRashiya, futhi ngakho okusikhumbuza zabalingiswa Nesterov futhi Glazunov. Ukuqhubeka inakekelwa, izingane zanamuhla bagxilisa inzondo uthando Russia njengoba ukhula, bese welithi "Russia Ongcwele" isiba eduze kakhulu.

izici luyingxenye kazwelonke

Ithempeli Spas Nereditsa siphathelene cross-oluyingungu, nge 4 amakholomu kwangaphakathi nithela izindawo zokukhulekela. Yena, njengezakhiwo eziningi ezifanayo, uye pozakomarnoe lokunameka esivela ukwakhiwa Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia. Ngasese noma zakomary ongaphambili omise kuthiwa engonxantathu ophahleni, kunalokho nzima ukuveza ukuma lwaleli isonto. Zakomary kocingo yena ebekiwe umqhele - isinqamu mpo esithile sokunakekelwa isonto. Lezi zingcezu mpo ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuhlobisa ethempelini, ngakolunye - ulunika kutati esiyingqayizivele. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo encane Church of the isimo ku Nereditsa has abahlabeleli encane, emelela mezzanine ukuze ihlanganise choir.

Kudivayisi Nereditsa isonto

Ngokuvamile, le ndawo - the Loft choir noma - esisogwini gallery evulekile noma kuvulandi ngaphakathi esontweni, futhi njalo elise esitezi sesibili ebodeni okuphambene kwe-altare. Lelibandla has a izindonga awugqinsi kakhulu, ezitebhisini emincane futhi umnyango igalari, esisogwini esondweni sokhuni, ukuphuma entshonalanga udonga. On the Loft kukhona Izindlwana ezimbili. Ibandla ngokubonakala koMsindisi wethu eNovgorod Nereditsa has sokubukeka esiyiphutha, izindonga anolaka, kodwa akusho lonakaliswe, futhi unikeza isonto intuthuko ethile futhi okwakhe. udonga Plastic ubhekwa emangalisayo. Naphezu eziningi ezifanayo, isonto uhlukile.

Ezakha isonto bokushesha fana it ngesineke unyaka wonke, isikhathi sokusebenzisa nemidwebo nabo bebekhona esifushane. Painting laligcwele lonke ingaphakathi - izindonga, kombhede, ukusekela amakholomu, futhi kule wayengeyena alinganayo. Largest Ensemble olunothile, lesikhumbuzo elidume Umdwebo omkhulu hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa futhi eYurophu - yilokho mdwebo, okuyinto wophule Nereditsa. Novgorod abakwazi ukuqhosha ngisho eyodwa zesonto ezifana nalezi.

Ukhohlwe bese igcinwa

Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka kwaba isonto, ngokuvumelanayo ufane ku ezungezile, futhi kwakungekho hype kakhulu nxazonke. Isithakazelo kwavela engxenyeni kwekhulu XIX yesibili. Umculi Martynov e 1867 ngithola indondo lethusi Paris ngokuba yasezindongeni emifanekiso amakhophi nereditskih. Ngo-1910, uqala ukubuyiselwa nemidwebo nokufunda asebenzayo. Konke lokhu ucishe uye wakwenza laqhubeka kwaze 30s. Lo msebenzi sonke isikhathi ukusunduza Nikolay Rerih, ofuna ukugcina lokhu gem njengoMsindisi Nereditsa. Nemidwebo ye wesonto waya isikhathi zisesimweni esihle ngendlela eyisimanga.

ukuqonda brilliant

ngiyabonga kuphela umsebenzi kwenziwe ngesikhathi, le ngcebo ezigcinwe izithombe amakhophi namuhla, futhi wadedelwa njengoba incwadi. Ngokwabo njengoba esemathuneni akudala, nethempeli, kwashona konke ngo-1941 yi-amaNazi ezingontuluntulu, njengoba ibandla kokudubula iphuzu. Ngakho okukhulu kwaba ukubaluleka lelibandla, okuyinto nomsebenzi wokuvuselela umhlaba ngemva waqala ngo-1944. Ithempeli lakhiwe ngakho ngobuqili kangangokuthi bambalwa abantu nokumbona njengoba indalo post-yimpi. Ukuze kabusha esontweni Lwenziwe kuphela ngokusebenzisa imidwebo kulinganiswa eyenziwe 1903-1904 by academician P. Pivovarov.

abahlukile

Uma ukude, ukubonwa omi Lesonto egqumeni uMsindisi ku Nereditsa. Izithombe etholakala inqwaba, ulidlulisele ubuhle ezikhexisayo. Ngaphandle-ke ikhophi esiqondile esasisandulele, kodwa elingaphakathi azibuyisekanga ngoba wahlala 15% of the imidwebo yasekuqaleni, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni engenhla - izindonga, nemengamo, Dome.

Ohlukile emthonjeni wokuqala akuyona kuphela kwathiwa ababethi ngokuphelele konke - abatelekile brushwork nengcikitsi nemidwebo.

Ngokungavamile ngokokuqala, futhi kubhekwe esifuze besithombe Dome, "Ascension" sibalo kaKristu ikanye nezingelosi eziyisithupha. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Dome ukuthi ehlotshisiwe ngu "Pantokratom". Yingaleso, njengoba umthetho, isithombe ezimbili likaJesu. He qamba isibusiso ngesandla sakhe sokunene, kwesobunxele ubambe iVangeli. Ngezinye 9 eziyizitezi bona atholiwe nemidwebo isonto. Kwakukhona lapha "Ubhapathizo" izingoma, izithombe kanye nezinye izinto zokuqala efile Knyazhich St Boris futhi Gleba. Lapha kwaba portrait enkulu Yaroslav futhi laqanjwa enkulu Lokwahlulela, lapho kwakukhona indawo indaba "ocebile esihogweni." Uhlelo jikelele imidwebo, ezifana St Sophia Cathedral, ubengekho, kwakungekho kwezikhathi kancane izenzakalo, kodwa akusho ncengani ukubaluleka nereditskih nemidwebo.

lokusungula collective

Ochwepheshe abaningi bathi yonke le yokuntuleka uhlelo khona inqwaba abaculi kanye ngeminako oda. Futhi abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ngoJarosław izinyanga sasehlobo esifushane, lapho ngokuvamile zaveza isonto, abamenyiwe ochwepheshe zizimele kusukela kwenye, oyedwa wabo ngisho nabantu bakwamanye amazwe. Ngakho-ke, kukhona cacophony ezinjalo.

Igama esiqondile umculi akwaziwa, kodwa (mhlawumbe) amaphuzu kakhulu yokuthi kwaba Ikonnikov Olis Grechin. Abavubukuli baye bathola studio yakhe, amaphuzu lapho ngaphezulu yokuhileleka wakhe ukudwetshwa nereditskim. Ochwepheshe uqaphele ukuthi ngendlela yokudweba elikhulu, eduze, kunalokho, ngendlela empumalanga kuka WaseByzantium esiqinile.

kulondolozwe ifa

Ngemva kwempi, Church of the isimo ku Nereditsa saphiliswa ngo-1958, futhi ngo-1992 kwahlanganiswa uhlu eziyiNgcebo Yomhlaba.

impumelelo enkulu ukuthi manje i nokuchaza ku-3D uhlelo. Abafundi base-University of Leningrad izithombe omnyama nomhlophe kanye imidwebo, esigcinwe zomlando, futhi wakwazi lokuphinda umhlobiso Ingaphakathi nengaphandle lazo esontweni, futhi siyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Futhi konke kuyiqiniso.

Manje izinsuku esontweni ezimbalwa ngesonto lona usebenza njengomhloli emnyuziyamu evuleleke emphakathini.