Incazelo Sampson Cathedral. Sampson Cathedral Petersburg

Petersburg inokuthile Ngamangala izivakashi. Drawbridges, egwadle embankments iNeva amakhaza enyakaza wadala udumo Petersburg. Abaningi kulo muzi futhi izikhumbuzo ahlukahlukene yezakhiwo. Northern dolobha, ngokungafani e Moscow, abakwazi ukuqhosha namakhulu eminyaka aphumayo emuva komlando, kodwa kukhona abanye endulo. Umnqopho we kulesi sihloko kuyoba Sampson Cathedral Petersburg. Lona omunye kakhulu amasonto lasendulo, walondoloza ukuba izinsuku zethu. Ngaphezu izakhiwo ezithakazelisayo, lombhishobhi idonsela ukunakekela kanye amakholwa aqotho, ngoba kukhona ungakwazi ukukhuleka izinsalela St Sampson. Lokhu zamanje lombhishobhi li umiselwa elisezingeni archpriest Alexander Pelin. Kodwa isonto ikhonza njengombonisi Museum imisebenzi. I iconostasis esiyingqayizivele lombhishobhi akuzona ezibalulekile kuphela amaKristu obu-Orthodox, kodwa futhi intshisekelo ezithile zomlando namasiko. Isikhumbuzo ukuba uPeter Omkhulu futhi wafaka ngephutha eduze isonto. Phela, Cathedral ihlobene eduze umlando ezweni lakithi futhi ngokunqoba salo esikhazimulayo.

prehistory

ERussia, sekuyisikhathi eside kwenziwa ukwakha isonto anikezelwe izenzakalo eziphawulekayo. Futhi lunikezelwe amasonto ongcwele, ngosuku ukuthi lolu suku ezenzeka esikhathini ikhalenda-Orthodox. Njengoba isibonelo, kungaholela iSonto St Panteleimon. Usuku ukuhlonipha inkumbulo yakhe lugujwa nge-Orthodox ku 27 Julayi. Ngalolusuku ngo-1714 futhi ngo-1720, uPeter Omkhulu wayinqoba impi ka Gangut futhi Grengam. Ngu logic efanayo lenziwe futhi Sampson Cathedral Petersburg. Kodwa yikunqoba iwine amabutho Petra Velikogo ngosuku Battle of Poltava (June 27, isitayela ubudala - Julayi 8) e 1709, kwaba ephawuleka kakhulu. Eqinisweni, yiyo kanye sikushintshe lokho manje kulo lonke impi Russian-Swedish. Ngakho izazi-mlando ukuhlola lokho okushiwo Battle of Poltava. Ngo-June 27, iSonto Lobu-Orthodox eliyisikhumbuzo uMfundisi Sampson le Izihambi, igama, ngokuba ithempeli yayisivele isinqumo eside ngaphambi yayakhiwe. UPetru akazange ulinde kwaqedwa umsebenzi futhi umqhele ethempelini, okuyinto sibona namhlanje. Thina uwuqedile phakathi nokubusa Empress Anny Ioannovny.

Umlando Cathedral

Petr Veliky wacabanga kufanele ukuthi inkumbulo Battle of Poltava iwukuba bahlale inkumbulo bonke abantu Russian. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha nje ngemva kokunqoba, wabanika iziyalezo ukwakha Sampson Cathedral. Lena kwakuyindawo ekahle wezwakalisa ke. Ngemva konyaka, ohlangothini indlela eholela Vyborg - bebheke Sweden, esontweni lokhuni lakhiwa. Ngo elifanayo 1710 kwathiwa ngayingcwelisa futhi ogama lakhe behlonipha Sampson le Izihambi. Manje esikhundleni esontweni okokuqala yesonto lombhishobhi. Njengoba wawusegunjini ngaphandle kwemingcele idolobha kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili, kwanqunywa ukuba ukusungula emathuneni entsha. Ngemva iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili, ngo 1728, yaqala ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo itshe. Nokho, njengoba ngokuvamile kwenzeka eRussia, elalinikezelwe kwakhiwa isakhiwo lalingenayo imali eyanele. Ukwakhiwa sanqamuka kuphela baqhubeka lapho Anna Ioannovna. Isakhiwo abazinikele e 1740.

Sampson Cathedral Museum

isakhiwo lethempeli ladatshulwa ngokuphindaphindiwe kwalungisa phambi Okthoba Revolution. Ngakho, ngo-1830s kabusha ingaphakathi wamasonto owawuhlangana, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho phansi cast iron salandelwa itshe. Cathedral eziyinkimbinkimbi wahlupheka ngesikhathi salezi zinguquko. Ngo-1933, zonke izinsimbi kwasuswa belfry ngaphandle elilodwa, owahlupheka kamuva, ngo-February 1942 ngenxa hit projectile. Ngo-1938 leli sonto ivaliwe. Kwaphela isikhathi eside ke kwaku esitolo izingubo ngomumo eyenziwe. Ngo-2000, Museum-lesikhumbuzo "St Sampson Cathedral" yagcina ivulekile. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva restorers abasebenze ukubuyiselwa yasezindongeni zokuhlobisa kwethempeli. Siye sekushiwo ukuthi Sampson Cathedral - wamanje sesonto lobu-Orthodox. Izimfundiso wokuqala wabanjelwa emva kabusha umqhele isonto Meyi 21, 2002. Manje amasevisi agcinwe khona nsuku zonke.

Sampson Cathedral: kanjani ukuba uthole

Noma kunjalo, isonto eyakhelwe kuleli zwe, isibe omunye owayesaphila endala Petersburg. Yena, kanye isikhumbuzo uPeter Omkhulu, eliseduze, kukhona phakathi kwezinto eziyishumi "insika si" Northern dolobha. Lithini ikheli izinto? Lapho itholakala kumephu idolobha Sampson Cathedral? Petersburg, Big Sampson Avenue (manje eyaziwa ngokuthi Vyborg ipheshana), d. 41. Ukuze afinyelele isonto, kudala yaba idolobha, hhayi abekelwe emaceleni, silula. Kuyinto elula ukufinyelela by ongaphansi komhlaba. Udinga ukuya "Vyborg" esiteshini. Lokhu isiqondiso enyakatho-ntshonalanga uma usuka enkabeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, isonto Sampson ingxenye nezokuphatha Museum e-Cathedral St-Isaka. Kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo lonke. Kuhlanganisa Cathedral langempela, isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi, yesonto futhi ethuneni elilodwa elikhulu - bonke abaseleyo emathuneni kanye nokuqhelelana kwezindawo.

isonto itshe

Yonke eziyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo okukhulunywa ngaso ngokuvumelana ukukhanya nombala oluhlaza. Nokho, izakhiwo zakhelwe ezikhathini ezahlukene kanye izitayela ezahlukene. Stone isakhiwo Sampson Cathedral futhi isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi laqedwa 1740. Ukuhlela ukwakheka yaqhubeka ingaziwa. Ososayensi Akekho owaziyo ukuthi umbhali kwalezi zikhungo Kwakumelwe bakhethe Mikhail Zemtsov, noma Dzhuzeppe Trezini. Ohlukile isakhiwo lombhishobhi inhlanganisela izitayela. It usukela njengoba amafomu pre-Petrine yezakhiwo kanye izakhi, ngokuthi baraque Ochwepheshe 'Annensky "(okuthiwa u-Ana Ioannovna). Ekuqaleni, ithempeli isipikili ngumuntu Dome enkulu isigubhu okusezingeni eliphezulu faceted. Kodwa ngo-1761, kube wanamathela cupolas ezine ezincane. Lokhu kophahla - onion domes emihlanu - ubukeka esingavamile ngempela. Isakhiwo ezakhiwe ngezitini esisekelweni namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe. Ukuphakama lombhishobhi ukuba kulo uphahla - eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili, futhi Krusty, Okuthwesa umqhele Dome - amamitha amathathu nanhlanu. By Refectory eyayihlangana nethempeli.

belfry

Kungenzeka, kuba brainchild of umakhi ofanayo eyakha St Sampson Cathedral. Umbhoshongo insimbi ihlukile Petersburg, njengoba has izingxenye isitayela Russian of zangenkathi yangaphambi Petrine. Lesi sakhiwo uhlukaniswe imikhakha emithathu. Lower livela ebanzi ngenxa izandiso ezimbili ezisemaceleni. It has an ukuvulwa ngesimo i lwaleli. imikhakha Upper benziwa isitayela Tuscan. Esitezi sesibili zenziwa imihlobiso "ifasitela zamanga". Esikhathini uqimba wesithathu belfry kwaku insimbi kwekhulu XVIII. Phezulu zonke leli tende ukwakhiwa elinezinhlangothi eziyisishiyagalombili. It kungabonwa njengoba ewindini zamanga, ngenhla okuyinto liphuma anyanisi poppy-ekhanda esiphambanweni. Lokhu umbhoshongo insimbi nakanjani atypical ngoba Petersburg, kodwa kakhulu ijwayelekile abantu abahlala emadolobheni lasendulo Russian - Yaroslavl, eMoscow, nezinye Solikamsk.

yesonto

Kusobala esizeni original St Sampson Cathedral 1710. Lapho isakhiwo samapulangwe uye ayetha, besifunda-bhishobhi labantu liye landa kangangokuthi ayikwazanga eziqukethwe esontweni encane, kwanqunywa ukuba kwakhiwe isonto itshe. lombhishobhi Ngokhuni ukuthi adiliza futhi nesayithi libe usule. Kodwa kuphela ngo-1909 yayakhiwe indlwana. Lesi sakhiwo luhluke ngesitayela kusukela lombhishobhi nombhoshongo insimbi. Lakhiwa wezakhiwo AP Aplaksin, amasampula okwakukhona ukusebenza F. B. Rastrelli. Ochwepheshe bakubiza ngokuthi lokhu isitayela Elizabethan Baroque futhi uqaphele ukuthi lalisetshenziswa ngemva kweminyaka eminingi kwabhalwa nini wakhe. Umbhoshongo insimbi ibukeka indala kunalokho empeleni. Ukubukeka izakhiwo nesishiyagalombili leminyaka ukunikeza it bhangqa of ekhoneni amakholomu laphetha pediment ne "abona yonke into ayakubona iso likaJehova", dormer kanye lantern nge Dome onion. Mhlawumbe lokhu "Antique" umkhohlisi kwaba nje isuke ibangelwa isidingo ihlanganise indlwana eduze Cathedral kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili.

amathuna

Kusukela ithempeli elalinikezelwe kuKhesari Sampson, kwaba ngaphandle kwemingcele edolobheni, kunengqondo ukusungula emathuneni lapho. Ngaphambili, abantu bangcwatshwa emhlabeni parish esonto. Emaphethelweni Parish lalilincane, futhi endaweni lalingenalutho. Khona-ke kwanqunywa ukuba ngingcwabe khona efile eRussia bezinye izizwe. Phela, nabo basuke Uyi uhlobo imihambima abaye bashiya leli zwe kwelinye izwe. Ngakho-ke, kumele babhekane zivalelwe Sampson le Izihambi. Ngakho, lapho kutholakala isiphephelo lokugcina amakhosi abadumile, wakha futhi ahlotshiswa Petersburg. Sampson Cathedral yayiyindawo uhlezi we abaklami Dzhuzeppe Trezini, A.Shlyutera, G. Mattarnovi, JB Leblon, lo umqophi K.Rastrelli, abadwebi kanye S.Torelli L. Caravaca. Ngeshwa, emathuneni engafakwanga. Ngo-1885, esinqumweni Umbusikazi uCatherine II, uyekwa, futhi endaweni yawo wasala ethuneni elilodwa elikhulu we ababulawa Juni 27, 1740 abaphikisi Biron - P.Eropkina, A.Hruschova futhi A.Volynskogo. At the site lokungcwatshwa yabo lesikhumbuzo ngomsebenzi esiqoshiwe sase-wezakhiwo futhi umqophi M. Schurupova A.Opekushin.

iconostasis

izitayela Ukuxuba eziyizici umhlobiso sangaphandle ethempelini, futhi kukhona Interiors yakhe. "Annensky Baroque" kungabonwa ku ezintathu iconostasis St. Sampson Cathedral. Yinzuzo iyona esemqoka, elise kwethempeli emaphakathi. He is an wobuciko ngendlela emangalisayo iconography Russian kwekhulu nesishiyagalombili. Uhlaka ngokuyinhloko zikaphayini, futhi umhlobiso izinto - Linden. Esikhathini yezinto eningizimu (Arhistratiga Mihaila) nasenyakatho (Ioanna Bogoslova) elise iconostasis encane ibe imikhakha emine. Banezinhliziyo usayizi nesizotha more, kodwa hhayi eliphansi kuya induna ukubaluleka kwezobuciko. Izivakashi umbuzo kanjani lezi zingalondolozwa iconostasis kusukela Cathedral elinomlando nzima, okuyinto wavakashela futhi izimpahla imifino izingubo esitolo. Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu yale midwebo kwenzelwa amasango esontweni babebuyela ithempeli lika-Alexander Suvorov Museum.

Isikhumbuzo ukuba uPeter Omkhulu

Ngosuku ukugujwa bicentenary Battle of Poltava (1909), kwanqunywa ukuba ukuvula ebaziwe owaphuma kule mpi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izinsalela emathuneni St. Sampson Cathedral usule. Isikhumbuzo ukuba uPetru umqophi ekhiqizwa MM Antokolsky and umklami N.E.Lansere. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwasivulela qwembe lwesikhumbuzo phezu mbumbulu eningizimu nasenyakatho yethempeli, lapho bebehlala khona: ezibaziweyo amazwi enkosi emadodeni ayekanye naye ngaphambi nangemva Battle of Poltava. Nokho, ngo-1938 kwamiswa itshe lesikhumbuzo uPeter Omkhulu adiliza. Kwaba iminyaka eminingi kuphela kamuva, ngo-May 2003, unyaka ukukhangana Petersburg kabusha umlingisi we umklami kanye nawo endaweni yawo - phambi umbhoshongo insimbi. Imali zabelwe Museum "Cathedral St-Isaka."

The ingaphakathi umhlobiso

Ngaphandle iconography ezithakazelisayo walondoloza yasezindongeni wethempeli. Acacile kakhulu isithombe - e kwethempeli main. Lowo mdwebo uPeter Omkhulu njengoba owawina Battle of Poltava. Futhi izingoma ezithakazelisayo ezibukwayo "UNkulunkulu uMninimandla onke" nesithi "ukholo", esisogwini izindonga esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga ye Refectory. Lezi imidwebo esukela emuva ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalombili. Kuze kube sekupheleni yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, lapho kungabonwa izinsalela isithonjana St Sampson Cathedral, okuyinto iyisonto izingcezu Robe leNkosi, itshe phansi kwezinyawo zakhe izinto ezingcwele zosanta. Lezi izinsalela zafakwa reliquary esiliva. Isithonjana ezihlalweni zobukhosi bethwele nemiqhele zomdlavuza, okuyinto bachazwa bombo of labo izinsalela lapho agcinwa ethempelini.