I-biography emfushane: Saltykov-Shchedrin ME

Kancane emlandweni wezincwadi zaseRussia kukhona abalobi ababezoqhubeka bezondwa futhi bezondwa kakhulu njengoSaltykov-Shchedrin. Abacwaningi bambiza ngokuthi "umculi wezindaba," nemisebenzi yakhe - "imizwa engavamile," engenzi lutho ngeqiniso. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, namuhla umsebenzi we-satirist odumile nomdwebi wemifanekiso uhlala uhlanzekile futhi ufanelekile. Mayelana nokuthi kunzima kangakanani indlela umlobi eya ngayo i-Olympus yokubhala, utshela i-biography kaSaltykov-Shchedrin, isifinyeto esifushane esizoxoxa ngakho kulesi sihloko.

Intsha

UMikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov ungumlobi waseRussia, ohlonishwayo, owazalwa ngo-1826 emzaneni omncane waseSpas-Ugol (iProvinsi yaseTver). Uthisha wakhe wokuqala wayeyinsiza elula iPavel, futhi wabe esengumpristi nomfundi we-theological academy. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, lo mfana wathunyelwa eMoscow, esikhungweni sobukhosi, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili waya eTarsar See Lyceum. Kulapha ukuthi i-biography yakhe yokudala iqala.

USaltykov-Shchedrin e-Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum

Lapha, ngaphansi kwethonya lobuciko bezinkondlo ezincane, uMikhail Evgrafovich uqala ukubhala izinkondlo. Esikhathini sesitifiketi ekupheleni kwe-lyceum, kanye nokungaziphathi kahle esikoleni njengokubhema nokukhwabanisa, ukubhala kwemisebenzi yokungahambisani nokuqukethwe kuzorekhodwa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi izinkondlo eziningi sezivele zinyatheliswa encwadini ethi Sovremennik. Noma kunjalo, uMikhail ngokwakhe akawuboni ithalenta lombongi ngokwakhe, kodwa wathatha izincwadi ngokujulile. Kusukela ngalesi sikhathi biography yomlobi wakhe unamathele. USaltykov-Shchedrin uba udumo.

Ukubaluleka

Ekupheleni kweLyceum, umlobi wesikhathi esizayo uyabhaliswa emnyangweni wezempi. Uyakuthanda izincwadi zesiFulentshi futhi yena ngokwakhe uqala ukubhala amanothi eBhayibheli, ashicilelwe e-Otechestvennye zapiski. Eminyakeni emine emva kokuphela kweLyceum, ngo-1848, wabhala inkulumo ethi "I-Confused Affair". Lo msebenzi ubonisa ngokucacile isimo sengqondo somlobi ku- serfdom nokuvinjelwa kwesimiso. Lezi zimpikiswano mayelana nesiphetho seRussia kungenzeka zingabonakali uma zingangqubuzana nezinguquko zesiFulentshi. Ngonyaka ofanayo, umlobi wathunyelwa kuViatka, lapho i-biography yakhe yesifundazwe izohlala iminyaka eyisikhombisa.

USaltykov-Shchedrin waseVavatka

Mayelana nenkonzo yomlobi eViatka ngokuqinisekile ayaziwa kakhulu. Wayekhonza njengomabhalane ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zombuso. Okwamanje, impilo yesifundazwe ngalesi sikhathi yavulela uSaltykov ithuba lokuqonda kangcono zonke izinhlangothi ezimnyama zokuba khona kwabantu abavamile. Phakathi nokuhlala kwakhe eViatka, uMikhail Evgrafovich ubhala "Izinketho zesifundazwe", futhi uhlanganisa "Umlando Omfushane weRussia". Lapha uthola umfazi, futhi ngo-1855 wavunyelwa ukuba ashiye iVatatka.

Umsebenzi wezincwadi eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila

Ngo-1856, uSaltykov wathunyelwa esifundeni saseTver, futhi ngo-1860 wamiswa iphhini likamengameli waseTver. Uqhubeka nomlando wakhe wezincwadi. USaltykov-Shchedrin ngaleso sikhathi wabhala okuningi, enyatheliswa kumaphephandaba awaziwayo. Futhi ngo-1863, ngemuva kokuyeka kwakhe, wathuthela ePerersburg futhi waba omunye wabahleli beSovremennik. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe ubhala izindaba nezinganekwane, ezama ngokusebenzisa amahlaya kanye nokuxolisa ukuze adlulise umfundi umoya wenkululeko nokuzimela. Ngo-1889 uMikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, owaziwa ngaye ngokubambisana kakhulu nekusasa labantu, ufa ngemuva kokugula okubi.