I-France - ukhokho wendabuko kuphela , kodwa futhi nokuqala okuningi emkhakheni wezobuciko. Ekhulwini le-17 leminyaka elikude, indodana yomabhalane wenkantolo uJean-Baptiste Poquelin, owaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ogama lakhe linguMoliere, waqamba amahlaya ahlakaniphile, ahlaziyekile, ehlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili zomculo ezinjengemidlalo yaseshashalazini kanye ne-ballet. Futhi manje ngekhulu lesine leminyaka ayifuni izigcawu zemidlalo yaseshashalazini kanye nesifundazwe, ifundiswa ezikoleni, futhi amaqhawe omsebenzi asekudala abe ngabantu.
Ukutholakala kohlobo
Yiqiniso, sikhuluma ngomdlalo omkhulu kaMoliere "The Bourgeois in the Nobility". Umsebenzi omusha wawuyizinto zonke: ukuhleka usulu kwemizwelo kanye nemikhuba yezwe eliphezulu, nokuziqhenya okungaqondakali, ukungazi, ukuhaha nobuwula bendabuko, abazama ukuhlukanisa amandla namalungelo kuleli zwe nabahlonishwa abampofu, nokuzwelana komuntu ovamile, Ummeleli wendawo okuthiwa yesithathu. Lokhu kufinyelela ezinkingeni kanye nesikhundla somlobi. Ukukhiqizwa okumangalisayo, izingubo ezimibalabala, izinombolo zomculo ... uLouis umhlabeleli we-14, umculi omkhulu womculo, ukudansa, ikakhulukazi i-ballet, wayethanda imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yokuthakazelisa. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uMoere akwazi ukuhlanganisa ngokuphumelelayo isinyathelo sesiteji, izinombolo zomdanso nama-ballet dramatists azikwazanga. Mayelana nalokhu, "I-philistine ehloniphekile" ingase ibhekwe njengomsunguli womculo wanamuhla. I-Comedy-Ballet - lena uhlobo lohlobo lomsebenzi weMoliere omkhulu.
Umlando wokudalwa kwamahlaya
Umcimbi, ngenxa yokuthi i-comedy yazalwa kanjani, nayo ayiyona into evamile. Ngesikhathi ngo-1669 ilanga lenkosi, njengoba uLudovic ebizwa ngegama lakhe lokugqoka izingubo, amagugu, ukuhleka kwangaphandle nokukhanya, kwaziwa ukuthi umbusi wombuso we-Great Ottomans (ie Turkey) uthumela umphathi we-embassy kuye, umbusi waseFrance wanquma ukumdlula Izingxenye zokunethezeka. Ukukhazimula kwamatshe, ukuchichima kwegolide nesiliva, izinto eziyigugu, izinto zokunethezeka kwakudingeka ziveze amehlo ezinxusa, ezazijwayele inqwaba eMpumalanga, futhi zisakaze emhlabeni wonke inkazimulo yengcebo nobukhulu bekhotho laseFrance nombusi walo. Kodwa ipulani yenkosi yahluleka: yayisisulu sezinkohliso nokukhohliswa. Ethukuthele, uLouis wayala uMoere ukuba abhale umculi lapho ukucabanga kweTurkey kwakuhlekwa khona ngokuhlekwa kanye nokuthunywa kwabo. Kanjalo kwazalwa "I-philistine ehloniphekile," okusebenza kwakhe kokuqala ngaphambi kwenkosi nobukhosi banikezwa phakathi no-Okthoba 1670, futhi isikhulu, somphakathi waseParis, ngoNovemba 1670. Kusukela kanye lolo suku (November 28) esiteji seshashalazi enkulu eParis - iPalais Royal - ngesikhathi sokuphila komlobi lo mdlalo udlalwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-42, futhi lokhu ngaphandle kweminye imisebenzi emathempelini amancane! Futhi cishe ikhulu leminyaka kamuva ukuhumusha kochwepheshe okuqala komdlalo wesiRashiya kwavela. ERussia, "I-Bourgeois ku-Nobility" yamukelwa "nge-bang," futhi ukunyathela kwakhe kunqoba kuze kube yilolu suku.
Okuqukethwe namaqhawe
Isiqephu somsebenzi silula, umcabango omkhulu we-comedy awukho ekuxabaneni, kodwa kubalingiswa. U-Jourdain, oneminyaka ehloniphekile uyinkosikazi encane, ocebile kakhulu, kodwa osondelene, onesihluku, kanti ngezinye izikhathi uyisiphukuphuku, engazi, ngakho konke okusemandleni akhe ukujoyina ubuhle bokulungiswa, umusa, ubuqili nokukhanya kwangaphandle. Umgomo oyinhloko wazo zonke izinyathelo zakhe yiMarquise waseDorimen, oyindlalifa enhle, ejwayele ukuhlola abantu ngobunzima besikhwama sabo kanye nomthamo wesihloko. I-Count Dorant, i-dodger kanye nomkhohlisi owonakele, uqhuba i-Jourdain ngokuphumula ngokuphepha, athembise ukumsiza ukuba asondele kuDorimen futhi, ngokujwayelekile, ukwethula "umngane" wakhe ekukhanyeni okuphezulu eParis. Ngokwemvelo, kude nokuba yisiphukuphuku, uMnu. Jourdain uphuphuthekiswe ngobungcweti bodumo futhi akaqapheli nhlobo ukuthi sekuyisikhathi eside eseyi "inkomo yobisi" kulabo baphrofethi. Ubathatha imali eningi, ngaphandle kokufuna ukubuyiselwa. Uqasha inqwaba yabafundisi, abakhiqizi, ukuze bakwazi ukuyakha nokuyilungisa. Akukho mqondo kulokhu, kodwa izinhlamvu zemali zegolide ziphuma emfuleni. Eqinisweni, "UmFilisti oNobunzima", okuqukethwe okufushane okuhlanganisa ukuhleka usulu nokugxeka iqembu elibusayo labahlonishwayo kanye nabezimbongolo ezizayo, eliyisimiso esivelele salowo ohlelweni lwama-monarchist absolutist olwakhiwa eFrance ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17. I-comedy igcizelele ngokucacile ukuthi ikusasa aliyona i-cadets nabashayeli, kodwa ngenxa yezinhlobo ezinjalo ezithembekile, ezisebenzayo, ezisebenzayo nezingenakusebenza nezinhlamvu ezifana neCleonte, umkhwenyana weNdodakazi ka-Jourdain, inceku kaKovelier, nabo bonke abasetshenziselwa ukuthola konke Ngenxa yemicabango yakhe namandla. Mayelana nalokhu, incwadi ethi "The Bourgeois in the Nobility" ingaba yithebula kanye nokuhlonishwa kweRussia. Kodwa-ke, eduze kwendawo yokubukwa kanye nezici zobumbhali zikaMoere kwakungumdlalo we-playwright waseRussia owaziwayo we-Playvizin "Nedorosl". Zombili zifakwe esikhwameni segolide sezincwadi zomhlaba.
I-Pattern Nomadism
Akudingeki ukuthi, izinkulumo eziningi zokuhlaziya zaba ama-aphorisms, futhi i-protagonist yayo ibonisa ukungahloniphi kwabantu nokuntuleka kwezemfundo, ukungabi nambitheka nokuqonda kwenani! "I-Jourdain ene-papillot" - sikhuluma ngalokhu, futhi yilokho!