Nenkabazwe Zomhlaba. Izici and Izici

Iplanethi yethu ihlukaniswe ama- ezine. Indlela ukumaka imingcele ephakathi kwabo? Yiziphi izinto ezinganembile Nenkabazwe?

Yenkabazwe futhi Meridian

Iplanethi EwuMhlaba emise uyindilinga eyisicaba kancane kuma izinti sphere - spheroid. Emibuthanweni yesayensi, ezakheke ubizwa ngokuthi geoid, okusho "like Earth." ebusweni Geoid perpendicular esiqondisweni gravity nganoma yingasiphi.

Ukuze kube lula, izici iplanethi wasebenzisa imigqa okunemibandela noma engokomfanekiso. Omunye wabo eksisi. Udabula maphakathi Earth, ohlanganisa ingxenye engenhla nengezansi, sezibizwa ngokuthi iNorth futhi South Pole.

Phakathi izigxobo at ibanga elilinganayo kusuka kubo, lokhu okulandelayo kuyinto umugqa iplanethi okuthiwa yenkabazwe. Kuyinto evundla likhawuliswe ku Southern (konke ngaphansi komugqa) naseNyakatho (zonke ngaphezu line) Nenkabazwe. Ubude yenkabazwe kancane amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-40 eziyinkulungwane.

Obunye ngengqondo - Greenwich, noma iqanda Meridian. Lokhu awusiwo umuda ojame rwe edabula Observatory saseGreenwich. iplanethi Meridian uhlukanisa ama- entshonalanga nasempumalanga, futhi yilona isiqalo sokubala isikhathi longitude.

Umehluko we ama- eNingizimu nase-Nyakatho

umugqa ovundlile yenkabazwe uhlukanisa iplanethi ngesigamu, uwela amazwekazi eziningana. Afrika, i-Eurasia yayigcwele, neSouth America kukhona ngokwengxenye okulungile ama- ezimbili. I amazwekazi asele etholakala ngaphakathi eyodwa. Ngakho, e-Australia futhi Antarctica ngokuphelele nasengxenyeni eseningizimu naseNyakatho Melika - enyakatho.

Nenkabazwe unezinye umehluko. Ngenxa yokuthi iNorth Pole e-Arctic Ocean sezulu yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe lulonke lusesimweni athambile kunamafutha South lapho umhlaba - Antarctica. Izinkathi zonyaka e okuphambene Nenkabazwe: ebusika engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-iplanethi kuza ngesikhathi ehlobo eningizimu.

Umehluko nasemkhakheni ukunyakaza umoya namanzi. Enyakatho notshwala yenkabazwe emfuleni futhi olwandle kuthiwa baphambukile ngakwesokudla (ibhange kwesokudla emfuleni iwummango ngokuvamile ngaphezulu), anticyclones zungezisa ngokwewashi, futhi izishingishane - ngokumelene. South yenkabazwe, konke kwenzeka okuphambene.

Ezahlukene, ngisho anezinkanyezi sky phezulu. Figure e Nenkabazwe ngasinye sihlukile. Isiqondiso main isihlabani polar engxenyeni esenyakatho ye eMhlabeni Nenkabazwe Umhlahlandlela ukhonza njengoba i-Southern Cross. Ngenhla yenkabazwe obusa umhlaba, futhi ngenxa yalokho inani eziyisisekelo zabantu abahlala lapha. Ngezansi yenkabazwe sebebonke 10%, njengoba wasolwandle ingxenye evelele.

AseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga Nenkabazwe

Ngasempumalanga umugqa owehlayo okuyi-prime elise-Eastern Nenkabazwe Zomhlaba. Itholakala ngaphakathi Australia, enkulu ye-Afrika, i-Eurasia yayigcwele, ingxenye Antarctica. Lihlala cishe 82% labantu emhlabeni. Ngo imigomo geopolitical namasiko ibizwa ngokuthi Izwe Elidala, njengoba kuqhathaniswa ne-Nguqulo Yezwe eMelika. Esempumalanga kuba enhlonhlweni ngobukhulu, umkhombe ezijulile futhi iyintaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Libonakale eNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe Zomhlaba itholakala entshonalanga Greenwich Meridian. Ihlanganisa amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, i-Afrika kanye Eurasia. Kubandakanya yonke-Atlantic Ocean kanye nengxenye enkulu ye-Pacific. Nasi isikhathi eside entabeni uchungechunge mlilo Kunawo Wonke Emhlabeni, ehlane driest, kakhulu alpine echibini futhi umfula ezijulile. Yena ophila engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe% 18 kuphela omphakathi.

Usuku Line

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, ama- aseNtshonalanga Kapa kanye naseMpumalanga Zomhlaba uhlukanisa Greenwich Meridian. Kuyinto phambili Meridian 180th, okuyinto delineates emngceleni ngakolunye uhlangothi. Kuyinto izinsuku umugqa ushintsho, lapha namuhla liphenduka kusasa.

Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi umugqa owehlayo okuyi-fixed izinsuku ezahlukene ikhalenda. Lokhu kungenxa Ukujikeleza kule planethi. Usuku Line lingama sidlula endaweni olwandle, kodwa futhi kweqa ezinye iziqhingi (Vanua Levu futhi Taviuni t. H.). Kulezi zindawo lula umugqa wathutha eduze umngcele wezwe, noma bahambe abakhileyo komunye esiqhingini ibe khona izinsuku ezahlukene.