Mycelium - kuyini? Yiziphi mycelium isikhunta?

Mycelium - kuyini? Ake sibheke le kabanzi. Noma yimuphi mycelium siqukethe mncane amagatsha sesigcilikisha ngokuvamile omhlophe - hyphae. Kulezi, eyodwa uthola ngokwaso fruiting umzimba. Ngo ephakeme isikhunta mycelium kuyinto ezinamangqamuzana amaningi, e aphansi - acellular. Empeleni umzimba fruiting ungakheka zinhlobo shlyapochnye kuphela.

Iqhaza amakhowe ngokwemvelo

Zonke izinhlobo zokuphila yemvelo emhlabeni zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu ezinkulu: umbuso isitshalo, izilwane kanye nesikhunta. Lesi sakamuva imelelwa ezihlukahlukene omkhulu womumo izinhlobo. Ngaphandle kokukhetha, isikhunta okwenza e indima eyinqaba imvelo abahlengikazi, ukuthatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo lo kabusha wesilwane imisebenzi yabantu, kanye nokwandisa izinhlobo izinto ezifile. Shlyapochnye abamele umbuso lwesithathu begazi ezivame ukusetshenziswa kwabantu nezilwane sokudla. Ethathwe izicubu ezithile enzyme neqhaza ukuphulukiswa ezifweni ezihlukahlukene.

isakhiwo

Izithelo umzimba pileate zinhlobo umlenze enamathiselwe mycelium. Ngezinye izakhiwo eyodwa zikhule omningi. Mycelium (kuyini, sizobe bathole out) siqukethe imicu mncane ezimhlophe, ekwazi ukuba luthathe indawo enkulu ezweni. isitshalo isikhunta Ngokungafani musa ziyaqhakaza ungayeki izithelo noma imbewu. Ayevame ukukhiqiza kabusha by ezinhlamvu ekhiqizwa phakathi lilokhu libuna yomzimba fruiting. Kwake kwathi ngo-izimo ezikahle, lezi "Ucezwana ngothuli" amancane ngesikhathi esifanele ukunikeza ama-mycelium entsha, bese uphinda umjikelezo.

zinhlobo

Abamele imibuso begazi zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• Amanita. Le ngxenye yiqoqo evamile kudliwa abantu nezilwane. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo enobuthi. Zonke amakhowe shlyapochnye ihlukaniswa njengoba ijabulise futhi ipuleti.
• Isikhunta. Ihlukaniswe yaba penetsilly futhi Mucor. Kakhulu isakhiwo ezithakazelisayo mycelium izinhlobo zakamuva. Umelela elikhulu elilodwa, kakhulu branched nge sebuningini iseli nuclei. Penicillium mycelium sakhiwa sebuningini amaseli ahlukaniswa ngodonga.
• Imvubelo. Kunalokho mycelium le zilwane yakha amakoloni. Umzimba we nembiliso siqukethe kuseli eyodwa.

Izindlela yokudla nokukhiqizwa

Shlyapochnye zinhlobo sikhule ikakhulukazi phansi. Mycelium (ukuthi luyini lolo daba, manje wazi) phezu bonke ubuso bayo ukudansela isiginci sakhe izakhamzimba amanzi okuwuketshezi enhlabathini. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo futhi ngegciwane iziqu zezihlahla noma izimpande zabo. Kulokhu, kunesidingo sokuba ukukhula nokuthuthuka izinto faka mycelia futhi fruiting umzimba kwezicubu yabo. isikhunta Lower ngokuvamile parasitize izitshalo ngisho nezilwane.

Phindaphinda lezi abamele umbuso begazi bengayi kuphela izingxabano. Ngiphephile indlela evamile futhi igatsha izingcezu mycelium. Ngakho esakaza mycelium Penicillium, pileate zinhlobo nokunye. D. Uma bambe ingxenye encane eziyizimbangela bese umuse kwenye indawo, sinamandla kakhulu futhi luyokhula ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezimo ezimvunayo. Imvubelo, mycelium ngaphandle, sakhe kabusha by luthela. Ezinye izinhlobonhlobo amakhowe labo abazokwazi by ukuhlanganisa amaseli iduna nensikazi ukwakha zygote.

indoda Lesitshalo esekhulile

Yiqiniso, nomele okunjalo kuwusizo zombuso begazi ngokuvamile kakhulu ayikhuliswanga ngokufuywa. Ikakhulu esekhulile indoda shlyapochnye zinhlobo isikhunta futhi Penicillium. Esimweni sokuqala, ukubaluleka eyisisekelo umzimba fruiting, lapho ungase ukwazi ukulungiselela izitsha okumnandi. Lezi zilwane ezivamile etshalwa umuntu, kukhona mushroom oyster champignon. Ngezinye izikhathi nesehlukaniso nezinye amakhowe shlyapochnye.

I mycelium we ukhunta uhlobo lwe-Penicillium (isikhunta) Simila ngokuyinhloko ngokukhiqiza enzyme zazo kamuva ekhiqizwa kusuka antibiotic. Sebenzisa i-penicillin for ekwelapheni izifo ezifana peritonitis, endocarditis, osteo noMelita, gonokkoki njll Vula yalolu ketshezi kwaba ngo-1928 Aleksandrom Flemingom.

Oyster amakhowe sikhule bebodwa: ukulungiswa impahla

Lolu hlobo mushroom e zizalela we linesizotha kakhulu. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa mayelana nendlela ikhule, futhi sizoxoxa ngokwengeziwe. Ukuze uthole okuhle sokuvuna oyster amakhowe on ezweni lakubo site, kudingeka alungiselele okulandelayo:

• Empeleni le mycelium. Ngathi: "Kuyini?" - wena manje akusona umbuzo. Mycelium angathengwa izinhlangano abathintekayo zizalela nokuthengisa.
• izinqamu eziningana 35 - 55 cm long 20 cm ububanzi. Awukwazi ukuthatha impahla kusukela zezihlahla. Iqiniso lokuthi resin eziqukethwe ugodo ezinjalo, ku mycelium nethonya elilimazayo. Better ukuthatha Hemp ngoba izihlahla zezithelo - ipheya, apula, njll
• Humus inhlabathi ngomanyolo izicucu.
• Polyethylene ifilimu.

Futhi uzodinga ngembazo kanye hacksaw.

nesikhathi disembarkation

Batshala oyster ngokuvamile ngoMeyi. Kulokhu, isivuno main izotholakala ngo-August noma Septhemba. Ngonyaka olandelayo uzoqala sikhule amakhowe ku iziphunzi ngokugcwele, futhi ingalandwa ku ihlobo noma ekwindla. Nokho, eminyakeni emithathu ubudala, kube "nemibhede" cishe uyoba zisuswe futhi kabusha qala.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko

Hemp ngaphansi oyster kufanele kancane zonakaliswe, kodwa hhayi abolile. Uyibeke ezindaweni ukubopha nge umswakama high. Ungasakaza kusukela ngaphansi kwezihlahla, uma ikhona, emthonjeni, njll

Oku phezu bonke ubuso phezu iziphunzi, futhi nisike engajulile engu- iDemo. Ngemva kwalokho, ayokhonza njengamakhosi uhlobo "umbhede" ngokuba mycelium. iziphunzi Landelayo wemba emhlabathini ukuze ahlale phezulu le 15-30 cm.

Khona-ke wenza ukusikeka Fit isigamu atholwe mycelium. Kolunye isiqu sakhe awe mayelana 300 amagremu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emhlabeni ngamunye "nemibhede" wenze imisele elincane phansi. Abeka asele oyster mycelium (mushroom luyokhula lapha) bayigubungele nge inhlabathi olumanzi exutshwe humus. Ulele nabo bonke Hemp lilonke. Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokugcina ikhava polyethylene ifilimu kuhlelwe "teplichku" mancane kangaka.

Kulesi isimo iziphunzi kwesokunxele amasonto amathathu. Njengoba masinyane njengoba they kuyoba oyster lokuqala, ifilimu kungaba zisuswe. Phuzisani iziphunzi isihlahla mayelana kanye ngesonto.

Indlela yokutshala amakhowe?

Yileyo mycelium kwalesi silwane, uyazi - njengazo zonke abanye - mnogokletochuyu yendwangu isakhiwo. Ukuze uthole inombolo enkulu imizimba fruiting kumele aqinisekise izimo zakhe ukuthuthukiswa elilungile. Alulaze amakhowe zewayini kanye ezindlini ezingeni lokushisa hhayi ephakeme kunaleyo 15-16 c. Egumbini lapho ukutshala amakhowe okuhleliwe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ephumelelayo ukupholisa uhlelo kumele yakhelwe. Kufanele kuqinisekiswe sokungabi nhlobo elangeni.

ungakwazi ukhule amakhowe futhi kwesokudla kusayithi uma ufisa. Kulokhu, umbhede luhlukaniswe ngasenyakatho endlini noma ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Kulokhu, kufanele kuhlinzekwe komoya okuhle. Ukuze yokuzalanisa Kulokhu, ngokuthatha yokhalo mycelium amakhowe. Lapho isikhule ngaphandle kubalulekile ukugwema awela emhlabathini ne mycelium kwezulu. Kuze kube yimanje, umbhede embozwe ifilimu.

Ngakho, manje uyazi ukuthi iyona mycelium we ukhunta uhlobo lwe-Penicillium, Mucor futhi pileate. Imihlobo ehlukeneko kungase akheke ezahlukene - non-yeselula noma amaningi. Mycelium likhula masinyane futhi uma ufuna kwisayithi, ungathola isivuno esikhulu amakhowe efanayo noma oyster.