National iqhawe umashiqela Juan Perón: Biography, imisebenzi kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Inhloko ikusasa Argentina Juan Perón wazalwa ngo-October 8, 1895 eBuenos Ayrose emndenini amasentshana isilinganiso. Lapho esemusha, wangena esikoleni sobusosha. Kuyinto ngenxa yempi Perón Waqala inkambo yakhe yezombusazwe.

eminyakeni yokuqala

Juan Perón waba indlela olunameva kakhulu kuya enkazimulweni. Ngo 1936-1938 GG. Yena wayengumbulali attaché lempi Embassy of Argentina eChile. Kwabe sekufika hambisa Italy. Kube Perón waqala ukufunda isayensi lezempi ezintabeni. Argentina wachitha a semester e-University of eTurin. Perón Juan Domingo waphindela kwelakubo ngo-1941.

Nakuba Argentina ihlangabezana sezomnotho esibucayi kakhulu. Kube waba ngukumkani kungevani kahle kutenhlalo, umphakathi uye walahlekelwa iziyisikhombisa amandla. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo baba okuseduze Icebo lika lempi. Juni 4, 1943 aqabula izakhamuzi Buenos Aires baye bafunda ukuthi amasosha ebutho lenqaba ezungezwe lombuso futhi lowo owayengumengameli uRamon Castillo abaleka i isiqondiso engaziwa.

Lapho esendleleni eya e amandla

Perón wayengomunye walabo abahleli Icebo lika lempi 1943. Ngesikhathi esevele engumshumayeli colonel, kodwa akazange ihluke laziwe kabanzi phakathi kwabo. Ngemva kokugumbuqelwa uhulumeni owandulele Juan Perón baba uNgqongqoshe wezeMisebenzi. Ngezinye post yakhe, ngenkuthalo wabambisana Izinyunyana osuvele ukuhweba futhi ungadala amasha kule mikhakha lapho abekho. Le ndoda yayihlale umqalisi yomthetho endabeni 'umshikashika fair "nezinye izinto ezisunguliwe eziphathelene ethandwa.

Izinsika okuxhasa i Perón babe radicals, Labour and Church. Futhi ingxenye kuye besho nokusho ukuthi le isizwe. Ngasekupheleni kuka-1945, Juan Domingo Perón wangena uhlanga kamongameli. ukunqoba kwakhe wasiza Inqubomgomo nokuwubuwula yezenhlalakahle yokuphikisana amandla akhe. Perón yena bakhanya izinkulumo elikhanyayo ngaphandle ibhantshi, lapho enxusa ukwakha abampofu futhi ngenkuthalo angenele umnotho isimo. Yena komculo amathemba okwesikhathi Argentina entsha - ezweni hhayi oye wahlupheka kweMpi Yezwe II futhi baba litheku abasebenzi amaningi aseYurophu.

Umholi omusha kazwelonke

Isikhundla uMongameli Juan Perón weza Juni 4, 1946, futhi ngo-1952 yena waba ayakhethwa ukuba athathe ihlandla lesibili. Umongameli omusha uyakhile othambekele nokwaneliswa futhi isimiso sezomnotho. Lapho-ke waqala ukusungulwa kwamabhizinisi zabokufika. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Argentina ngenkuthalo akhishelwe khona impahla (ikakhulu okusanhlamvu kanye oilseeds) ku-Europe akhahlanyezwe izimpi.

Njengoba ayethembisile Juan Perón, iqhawe lesizwe, umashiqela kuye kwenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isimo waqala ukuba angenelele emnothweni lapho phambi umdlalo impela babaluleke. Okokuqala amandla uthethe ukulawula zonke ojantshi, igesi nogesi. Khudlwana inani bakahulumeni. Baqala imikhankaso ukulawulwa amanani (kuphakamisa jezisa amanani osomabhizinisi ngezimali imikhakha ngabanye). Yiqiniso Argentina sezomnotho nesezombangazwe ngenkathi Perón wabizwa ngokuthi "Peronism".

kwamaphupho

Kwake kwathi ngo-amandla, Perón babekholelwa ukuthi maduze United States ne-Soviet Union ziyoyidedela yini impi yezwe yesithathu. kungqubuzana aphinde alethe inzuzo Argentina, ukufunwa izimpahla okuyinto usukhulile kuphela. Ngo-1950 waqala Nempi YaseKorea, futhi Perón ngo izihloko angaphansi kwakhe ayengena yashicilelwa "Democracy", waprofetha ukuthi luyokhula ezweni. UMongameli eyayingalungile.

Inkinga yayiwukuthi izinqubomgomo ezinzima zomnotho ka Perón ayikwazanga ukuthela izithelo kuze kube phakade. Autarky wawuphumelela kuphela njengoba isilinganiso zesikhashana. Manje Argentina kudingeka into entsha. ithemba Okwesibili Perón, ngaphezu kweMpi Yezwe II, kwaba ukuvela onxiwankulu kazwelonke enamandla. Kangangokuba akakwazanga ukudala izimboni ezintsha namathuba emisebenzi angadingi ukuxhaswa uHulumeni. onxiwankulu olunjalo oluqinile e-Argentina yavela. Osomabhizinisi base beqapha bawesaba ukutshala ekukhiqizeni futhi ezama ukuhlala ezindaweni yendabuko umnotho wezwe.

ihlandla lesibili

Ukuhluleka unethemba Perón kwizimo zemakethe kwaholela yokuthi lonke izwe lakhe lokuqala elithi umane wawudla imali ngazisile ngisindisile futhi wathola i-esindayo iminyaka yakhe post-yimpi. Ukulandela bakhe kabusha ukhetho enhlokweni eside eneminyaka eyisithupha entsha isimo yanquma ukushintsha inqubomgomo. Ngaleso sikhathi, izimpawu zokuqala bomnotho, isibonelo, isibe pesos devalued. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1951-1952 GG. nesomiso laqothula izwe, ingxenye enkulu isivuno corn echithayo.

Phakathi nesikhathi asichitha kuqala njengoba umongameli Juan Domingo Perón - ithemba Argentina ngoba iningi labantu kanye umholi kazwelonke - akazange anqikaze ukuba umbusi kobushiqela ezazilwa ephikisayo. Isinyathelo sokuqala kulesi siqondiso esiseZwini 1948 kwaba ecaleni amajaji eNkantolo Ephakeme, amacala zezombusazwe. Khona-ke Perón okuqaliswe izinguquko kumthethosisekelo. Umthetho main entsha yezwe, lidlule ngo-1949, bavunyelwe umongameli ukuba reelected ukuba athathe ihlandla lesibili.

inqubomgomo angaphandle

E sikhathini esithuthuka ngamazwe , uMongameli Argentina sadabuka phakathi amabili ayizikhondlakhondla zezikhali - US futhi i-USSR. Namuhla, kunenkolelo ukuthi walowo yesimanje ukunyakaza non-kuqondaniswe kwaba "Indlela yesithathu", okuyinto akhethwe Juan Perón. Biography of umholi kazwelonke, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, kuye kwahlanganiswa nezinkinga Europe. Wayefuna ukuxoxa emigomeni elilinganayo United States (ngasekuqaleni Iminyaka yangemva kwempi, Argentina wayengomunye umnotho ngobukhulu emhlabeni). Ngenxa yalokho, Perón siqhele esidlangalaleni ngokwakhe amabili ayizikhondlakhondla zezikhali.

Argentina akuzange kube njengokungathi ujoyina-International Monetary Fund nezinye izinhlangano ezifanayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, osomaqhinga yayo cishe njalo ezathi UN kanye United States. Ngezindlela eziningi, "Indlela yesithathu" kwaba mpendulo kuphela kunokuba inqubomgomo agcwele.

Kusukela sokuphela

Ngo-1953, phakathi nomunye wemikhankaso ukuvela kwakhe umphakathi Perón eBuenos Aires, kwakukhona ukuqhuma eziningana. Ukuphendula kuhlasela mikhuba yamaphoyisa waqala. Amandla wathatha ithuba crack phansi nokuphikiswa (Conservative, ndawonye nezinye izinhlangano). Ngokushesha, izwe laqala isimangalo se-abasebenzi. Peronists uzamile ukusibekela amaqiniso yezinxushunxushu. iphephandaba elawulwa akakungenisanga Emazwini akhe mayelana ezenzeka nezibhelu lonke.

Ingxabano kanye nebandla

Ekupheleni kuka-1954, Perón cishe wenza iphutha wakhe oyinhloko. Wenza inkulumo lapho embeka icala Argentine iSonto LamaKatolika ukuthi sekuyinto Kugcwele ithonya ukuphikiswa, okumele combated. Saqala nokusebenzela ukuletha ukushushiswa lokuqala zenkolo.

Ekuqaleni, isonto liye wazama yini ukuphendula behlasela Perón. Nokho, ngemva Enkulumweni yakhe engqungqutheleni cindezela baphendula umkhankaso wokufundisa anti-kwabefundisi. Ngenxa yalokho, ibandla laqala ngempela ukuhlanganisa amaqembu aphikisayo. udwendwe yabo yokukhulekela uNkulunkulu enokuthula yaphenduka ukuboniswa zezombusazwe ezinomsindo. Iziphathimandla zaqala ukuthatha imithetho elwisana kwabefundisi (ukuqedwa izifundo ayimpoqo ezikoleni zamaKatolika, nokunye. D.).

Icebo lika

Njengoba imimoya izwi lakhe lempi bathatha isiqunto esithi-. Abayithandi inqubomgomo, okwakubekelwa olwenziwa Juan Domingo Perón. Biography of the President, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi edume ngaphambi wayengekho, ayikwazanga bathethelela amaphutha lakhe elisha. Umzamo sokuqala senzeke ngoJuni 16, 1955. Navy izindiza ngamabhomu Plaza de Mayo, lapho okufanele ube yikho Perón. Abagqugquzeli kokuhlasela banephutha. Amakhulu abantu abangenacala babulawa kulokho kuhlaselwa ngamabhomu. Ngalolo suku, Buenos Aires sihlangabezane igagasi elisha ezimpini zenkolo.

Septhemba 16 wavuswa ukuhlubuka e Cordoba. Scared (noma ungafuni ukuchitheka kwegazi) Perón baphephela lenxusa eParaguay. Kungabonakala sengathi umbuso asicekeleki zigoqiwe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Lezo zenzakalo nabizelwa kuleli Argentina "Liberation Revolution". UMongameli kwaba Jikelele Eduardo Lonardi.

Buyela amandla

Ngemva kombuso, Perón yakwazi ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe. Wahlala eSpain, lapho wahlala iminyaka ecela emashumini amabili yena. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, Argentina has izikhathi eziningana ezashintsha inkambo okufanele. Omunye uhulumeni ubuyisela nezinye, kodwa okwamanje minyaka yonke phakathi uquqaba wakhula nostalgic for the ubudala izinsuku peronovskim. Izwe wahlushwa yabashokobezi ukunyakaza, ngisho on the esengozini lokubola.

Acting ezivela kwamanye amazwe, Perón ngeminyaka yawo-1970 wasungula "Hustisialistsky Liberation Front" - ukunyakaza, okuyinto bajoyine Peronists langempela futhi isizwe, emthethweni nabasekeli ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni. On the ukhetho entsha kamongameli we-1973 ubudala iqhawe lesizwe, yena nginqobile kumhambela. Waphindela ekhaya ngayizolo - lapho abasekeli bakhe kakade kulawulwa uhulumeni, futhi wanyamalala ingozi yokucindezelwa noma ukushushiswa zezombusazwe. Juan Perón, Biography emfushane ukuhlukanisa esonta eziningi ezivusa amadlingozi, washona ngo-July 1, 1974-th. isikhathi sakhe sesithathu akuhlalanga ngisho unyaka.

ukuphila Siqu kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Esikhathini 40s engengaphansi ethandwa phakathi kwabantu, njengoba kuqhathaniswa umholi kazwelonke, wasebenzisa umkakhe Eva (noma Evita). Yena wahola lwabesifazane Peronist party. Ngo-1949, abesifazane Argentina yazuza ilungelo lokuvota. UJuan Evita Perón wayazi ukulibiza izinkulumo ezivutha njengomlilo ezaholela Peronism abasekeli e-ecstasy cishe zenkolo. Accounting Foundation Inkosikazi kamongameli empeleni enza imisebenzi ye-Ministry of Social Development. Eva Perón wafa ngo-1952 eneminyaka engu-33. Okwamanje imbangela yokufa kwakhe kwaba umdlavuza kwesibeletho.

Eva kwaba ngomfazi Perón yesibili. Umkakhe wokuqala, Aurelia washona ngo-1938. Lapho ngiyoshumayela okwesithathu Perón kudlalwa lomshado 1961. ebezizama ukuthuthela kwamanye amazwe Chosen baba Elizabeth. Lapho inqubomgomo ubudala ngo-1973 yagijima iphindelela umongameli, umkakhe liye okhethweni njengoba likamongameli. Ngemva kokufa Perón sika wathatha okuthunyelwe singenamuntu. Lo wesifazane wasala amandla isikhathi eside. Ingakapheli iminyaka emibili kamuva, ngo-March 24, 1976 ibutho wenza esinye Icebo lika lempi egumbuqela Elizabeth. Okuvamile, wayithumelela eSpain. owesifazane Kukhona oneminyaka engu-85 ubudala uhlala kuze kube yilolu suku.