Museum of imifanekiso Russian e Moscow

Umlando iconography IsiRashiya sinamagama eminyaka ayisikhombisa. Amagama abaculi imisebenzi kabani ezisekhona, inkazimulo art Russian, njengoba ziye wadala nezithombe zosanta Orthodox. Bambalwa iminyuziyamu bangaziqhayisa ukuthi nokucacisa zabo obala izikripthi icons XII-XIX eminyaka, lapho iningi futhi udale yobuciko of isithonjana Russian imidwebo. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe eliyimfihlo Russian Icons Taganka usomabhizinisi kanye UMuphi based Mihailom Abramovym, namuhla has a ukuchayeka sasivumela olunzulu - amakhophi engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine wethulwa emphakathini ngo ezidayiswa yayo, kuhlanganise imifanekiso 600, okunye - kwesiphambano futhi kwakudala ezihlobene iconography futhi Lobu-orthodox.

Russian isithonjana mdwebo obonakalisa isiko

Ngayiphi emzini isimo IsiRashiya sinamagama Museum zayo zokuqala yangasese imifanekiso isiRashiya, ngokuqinisekile wayengeke alinge ukwenqaba - wayengathi khona, kodwa kungaziwa abangeyona ingxenye yebandla lobuKristu. Izazi-mlando bhala mayelana iminyuziyamu eminingi yangasese, siphakamise leyo ebaluleke kakhulu, futhi kabani ukwamukelwa inembe kunazo - iphuzu moot.

Okuningi ngokunembile sikwazi ukukhuluma ngokwabo isithonjana umdwebi, eminyakeni lokudalwa kwabo kokufaka ephethwe ngokunemba okukhulu - by Feofana Greka ukuba Fedora Zubova. Bona zibe amasonto edume kunazo Russian, imibhalo yabo - the esingenantengo kakhulu Orthodox imifanekiso. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Russian - ubani angase ukuziqhayisa kokuba phakathi nemibukiso kuyizinhlayiyana yayo imisebenzi abadwebi enkulu - ingathiwa ocebile unspeakably. yobuciko eyayisekhona - impumelelo kokubili isiko kazwelonke futhi izwe kweqiniso.

Museum of Russian Icons, eyasungulwa Mihailom Abramovym, lavulwa ngo eMoscow ngo umbumbi emgwaqweni ngemuva Tinkers namabhilidi ku Taganka wesifunda, akunjalo kudala - ngo-2006, kodwa namuhla iyiqoqo elikhulu kunawo eyimfihlo imifanekiso eRussia. Ekuqaleni owawuseduze ollektsiya "Vereyskaya Plaza" samabhizinisi, okuyinto Slavic Boulevard, futhi ithatha indawo encane kuphela. Thola uhambo kungase kuphela ngokufaneleyo nangohlelo ngaphambi. Kuphela emva kuvulwa isakhiwo esisha ku Taganka iqoqo yangasese imifanekiso esikuzuzile ukufinyelela yinoma ubani.

Iqoqo lokuqala yangasese imifanekiso eRussia

I eyigugu kakhulu curiosities Museum Taganka: Isithonjana Our Lady Odigitria Simon Ushakov - kuphela ukuthenga isithonjana okuyinhloko; umfanekiso St Nikolaya Mirlikiyskogo; iqoqo eliyingqayizivele Pskov isithonjana abadwebi kwekhulu XVI.

Eyokuqala yangasese Drevlekhranilishche iconography esikhumbuzo kwaqala ukubonakala Russia engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XIX. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo babesendleleni eqoqwe yinoma M. Pogodin futhi P. Korobanov. Kodwa art sangempela yokudweba isithonjana waqala cabanga kuphela kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Khona-ke ngalendoda Likhachev, eyayinawo iqoqo ebanzi kakhulu imisebenzi by abadwebi zendawo Petersburg wavula lomphakathi Museum lokuqala yangasese imifanekiso Russian. E-Moscow, lezi zemibukiso baye wavula iminyango yabo ezindlini, abanikazi okuyinto zakhiwa ngomculi I. Ostroukhov futhi umthengisi S. Ryabushinsky. Akuzange kwaphela isikhathi eside ngaphambi inguquko.

Modern embukisweni eyimfihlo imifanekiso lasendulo

Singasho kugcwale umlomo ukuthi umsunguli wokuqala Museum yesimanje eyimfihlo imifanekiso Russian wayengajabule ngalendoda E. Roizman kusukela eYekaterinburg. iqoqo lakhe ngasekupheleni Old Engakholwa imifanekiso, okukhombisa isiko XVIII-XIX eminyaka, umphakathi jikelele kwase kutholakala ngo-1999, lapho bobabili wathatha ukuvulwa abalulekile Museum "Nevyansk isithonjana."

E-Moscow, for Ongoti yobuciko Orthodox wavula iminyango amaqoqo amabili eyimfihlo imifanekiso. Ngaphandle ukuqoqwa Mihaila Abramova, iminyaka eminingi e Moscow isebenze ngempumelelo futhi Museum "iNdlu isithonjana futhi igama SP imidwebo Ryabushinsky "ku Spiridonovka. Phakathi ziphephile zayo zikhona yobuciko yangempela. Lezi zihlanganisa isithonjana Virgin Hodegetria umsebenzi Georgian kwekhulu xv, isithonjana Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, kulotshiwe nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu XVI, futhi abambalwa imisebenzi Russian isithonjana abadwebi kwesikhathi yakamuva, bakha inkazimulo Umdwebo Russian kweqiniso. Okwamanje, i-Museum of Icons Russian e Spiridonovka has ukuchayeka, esesikhundleni engaphezu kwemibili futhi inkulungwane isigamu imifanekiso.

Izigaba ekusungulweni Museum e Taganka

imifanekiso sidilizwa iqoqo lakho Mikhail abramov, aluthola kokubili Russian kanye angaphandle zemibukiso yangasese. Esendleleni eya fly konke kwakutholakala emi izitolo Antique. Nokho, ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi ziphephile babevela amaqoqo eziningana yangasese, eziningi zazo etholakala eMoscow Petersburg. Ngakho, i-Museum of Russian Icons ungeze yobuciko egcinwe emaqoqweni eyimfihlo ezintathu eMoscow abaculi - S. Vorobiev V Momot futhi A. Kokorin.

Ngo-2007, Borne Mikhail abramov atholwe ngokusemthethweni futhi amazwe ngokomthetho eRussia imifanekiso 10 ezebiwe 1984 kusukela Veliky State lomlando Architectural Museum-Reserve (ithempeli Dmitriya Solunskogo Dymkovo isigodi). Yiqiniso, umthengi nakancane ngekusasa nzima zezimpawu ababethi namakhulu eminyaka XVI-XVII emazweni Kostroma. Basuke ingekho ohlwini search, njengalokho sasikhona izithombe zabo lokushicilela. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye Ukuhlola State Research Institute Zokubuyiselwa wakwazi ukufunda umlando la imifanekiso. Yiqiniso, Mikhail abramov idluliselwe ukuba onalo isimo. Ngo-2008, la imifanekiso ziye zabonisa izivakashi embukisweni "Ukubuya isakhiwo" ku Tretyakov Igalari.

Kodwa ochwepheshe Abramova Museum kanye atholakele intshontshiwe kanye Rostov shrine phakathi zobuciko atholwe - ezibaziweyo esiphambanweni. Wayelethwa ngokushesha wabuyela isimo. Mikhail abramov yena uyaqaphela wahlanganyela ukuthengwa imifanekiso Russian phesheya, ngokubeka yonke imizamo ukuletha ziphephile ikhaya esibalulekile emlandweni walo omkhulu.

ziphephile Ayigugu Museum ku Taganka

Rublev imifanekiso level noma noDiyonisiyu Yiqiniso, ayikho lapha - ezakha ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi imisebenzi XVI - ekuqaleni XX leminyaka. emelelwe Kahle amakhosi Armoury. Ezinye izimpawu ngokuthinta provincialism yakhe ijabule inhliziyo: Rostov, Vologda, Obonezhie, Tver, Kargopol, Solikamsk, the iVolga esifundeni - lezi ezinye nje yezindawo lapho lezi zobuciko zenzeka. Lovers ukuxazulula iconography like amabhodi XVIII-XIX eminyaka: eminyuziyamu ezinkulu zivame indiva ngokuthi "ngasekupheleni" isithombe, futhi empeleni curious kakhulu.

Ukuthola abramov ngo-2007 iqoqo imifanekiso, ngaphambili okungewakho edumile Leningrad ngalendoda uVladimir Samsonov, kwaba isenzakalo esibalulekile ngoba umxhasi. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Izithombe Russian e Goncharnaya agcwaliswa yobuciko kweqiniso of isithonjana Russian Umdwebo - isithombe Our Lady of Odigidrii eyabhalwa Simon Ushakov, nezimpawu eziningana kwesikhathi kamuva shayela abaculi kangako, kodwa ukuthi ngeke baqale value yayo kweqiniso zomlando namasiko. Ngisho yokufuna iqoqo kuyinto uhlamvu ethakazelisayo.

Samsonov wayephuphe esikhathini sakhe ukuvula basemzini Museum iconography, iparele okuyinto lweqiniso luyoba iqoqo yakhe siqu, kodwa labo amaphupho akuzange kube njalo. Ngemva kokufa ngalendoda of ziphephile wayedidekile kuye izindlalifa bengafaneleki, nezinsalela ezihlaba baphuthunyiswe lamathempeli, okuyinto zigcinwe ukunganaki ephelele. It futhi wathenga Mikhail abramov, ngaleyo ndlela ngeke nje sengeza ukuchayeka of Museum yakhe siqu, kodwa futhi wanikezela inkumbulo yakhe eliqhakazile umnikazi wakhe wokuqala.

Njengoba kuchaziwe inzuzo yangempela ziphephile Museum

Eshukunyiswa ukuhlangana imifanekiso abramov waqala ubuhlobo obuseduze Ongoti yobuciko lasendulo, ochwepheshe kusukela Tretyakov Igalari kanye Russian Museum. Kwalona umbukiso ingahambi esidlule luhlolo, kuyasiza ukugcina izinga eliphezulu zomlando namasiko lomhlangano. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ungakwazi ukuthenga ucezu eyigugu kakhulu, iyenziwa okungenani kabili ukuqinisekisa esidlule ze-non-lobugebengu. Database of zebiwe has Ministry of Culture, okuyinto wedlula phezu Rosohrankultury - zonke izinto lasendulo bangenile ngokumelene le database.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho yokufuna ayikwazanga ukudunga ekuqaleni wekuvana mission, okuholela UMuphi abramov, ngokuqinile uqaphe umqondisi Museum of Russian Icons Nicholas Zadorozhnyj. Ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, umnyuziyamu washukumiseleka futhi ifakwe esiyingqayizivele Old Amakholwa Nomthandazo House kwekhulu XIX, ezitholakala ehlathini Tver ndawo cishe ubhujiswe. Chapel zezikhali ngokucophelela ngokoqobo ku log, wayiswa esitolo Museum kanye ukusungulwa cishe ngo ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni, futhi lapho izithombe imifanekiso ahlelwe ngendlela efanele, futhi izincwadi yesonto livuliwe, sengathi ukuba sikhuleke, futhi ikhandlela yakhanyisa lonke igumbi. Izivakashi ziyakwazi ukubona ukuhamba kuyo, kodwa izimisele.

Kancane mayelana ukuvezwa

Ehlobo lika-2014 wavula embukisweni entsha eMnyuziyamu abramov, kuthathe ngaphansi kwawo wonke sesine kuso lesi sakhiwo. It lunikezelwe iconography XIX-XX eminyaka. Zonke ezihlukahlukene umdwebo Russian kusukela ngasekupheleni krasnushek chromolithographs nezimpawu ethempelini up omkhulukazi ethulwa emphakathini. Ungase futhi sazise siphinde ingxenye yohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli eziqinile Old Engakholwa imifanekiso, kulotshiwe okuthiwa "izikhungo kuya ukuzishaya lasendulo", okwakusendlini legatsha Tver, eMoscow, esifundeni eMoscow Urals. Ingxenye olubanzi embukisweni kwakuzokwenziwa esethulweni ubuciko incwadi yokubhala kuleyo minyaka.

Sekukonke, embukisweni izibuya Museum amane, iminyango kuthiwa eyenziwe ngaphansi kwesicabha ephephile. Ngemuva noyedwa kubo kabusha Old Amakholwa 'Chapel kwekhulu XIX nge yabalingisi eqoshiwe Old Engakholwa kweqa, imifanekiso kanye Gospel. Yokulinda embukisweni izinsalela iconostasis ubudala. Ngisho lezitsha inikeza kwakudala - izindonga zawo ahlotshiswe ubudala Russian zaveza amasondo ukuphotha. Omunye amahholo embukisweni nokuxhobiswa umTopiya iSonto Lobu-Orthodox.

Izinkulumo, imiboniso kanye umbhali izinkambo

izinkambo Fixed aphethwe izinsuku eziyisithupha ngesonto ngesikhathi Museum, kwasinda ngoLwesithathu. Izifundo lezi hambo akuyona sihluke kakhulu Museum evamile. Ngaphezu isibuyekezo bajwayelane iqoqo imifanekiso, ungavakashela, njengokuthi "Russian iconography XIV-XVI eminyaka" futhi "Russian isithonjana Umdwebo XIX-XX eminyaka. Izitayela eyinhloko izikhungo eliphambili amakhosi. " Kodwa ukunakekela okukhethekile kufanele kube kumbhali izinkambo, enye yazo - "Umhlaba Russian sezindela: isiko Amakholwa Old", akhiwa Eb Solodovnikova - ithandwa kakhulu izivakashi.

Kaningana, Museum elibamba emakilasini kusihlwa evumelanisiwe. amakhonsathi Ukuhlelelwa - endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi le njongo ukubeka upiyano. Ukuze wonke umuntu hhayi kuphela ukubona ziphephile esiyigugu, kodwa futhi ulalele uchungechunge lwezinkulumo mayelana namasiko Russia lasendulo, Museum ifakwe Igumbi lenkomfa, ukuyobukela ezikhethekile umtapo Isikhwama, lapho ungathola konke mayelana nomlando isithonjana Orthodox. Abramova Russian Museum laziwa kabanzi futhi phesheya, sibonga ocebile ukuchayeka nokuphana yayo - Museum izivakashi ungajabulela ziphephile zayo mahhala - konke esakhokhwa umsunguli wayo Mikhail abramov. Leli qiniso ehlukanisa Museum eyimfihlo imifanekiso Russian kumagalari yomphakathi.

Eminyuziyamu State kuzo zombili izihloko

Ezikhumbuzo eyinhloko ezobuciko isimo Russian agcinwa ku Tretyakov Igalari kanye Hermitage. Kodwa mayelana ezimbili iminyuziyamu eMoscow Saint Petersburg, kufanele sikhumbule, njengoba ngefa olukhulu isithonjana Russian imidwebo, banobuhlobo oqondile, futhi phakathi nemibukiso zabo - isithonjana odumile we amakhosi asendulo. Omunye wabo - State Russian Museum. Icons phakathi nemibukiso yayo abavelele, kodwa hhayi evelele. Kuyinto Museum e-dolobha enyakatho.

Ngokulinganayo ahambisana iconography kazwelonke has a Museum of Ancient Russian Amasiko Art yaqanjwa Andrei Rublev, elise eMoscow. Yaqalwa ngo-1947, it has a setfulo ocebile onalo eyinhloko ifa elikhulu kazwelonke yobuciko esihle. Museum ine omunye isithonjana ohlonishwayo kakhulu yobuKristu "Our Lady of Vladimir," libhalwe 1409 Rublev.

Orthodox - Museum eziphilayo iconography

Bangaki-Orthodox ezweni lonke - konke kukhona abaningi, futhi zonke isithonjana. Yiqiniso, ingxenye enkulu futhi amathempeli izindawo zokukhulekela etholakala kubo babe kuphela ngenzuzo, kakhulu ukuhlola i-abaculi, hhayi izazi-mlando. Labo amasonto ukuthi abe wobuciko ngazo zonke izindlela ukuvikela zakho eziyigugu ngoba emashumini ambalwa besonto njalo, kodwa angeke avumelane ukuze uthumele ukuba umnyuziyamu, lapho babewubona ezinkulungwane zabantu abathanda yobuciko lasendulo. Uhlambalaze abapristi ngenxa yokuntula lokushisekela ubuzwe kungaqali - ngaphansi amathempeli abo kudingeka lezi imifanekiso. Russian Museum, ngisho nomncane, enezinto eziningi zobuciko esiyigugu, kodwa hhayi wonke amabandla angaba ukuziqhayisa ngisho isithonjana olulodwa, okuyinto lukhulu zomlando namasiko. Nakuba, uma ijaji kweqiniso ngoba yilokho ezalotshwa, uma kungekhona ukukhonza njengomdala ugqozi imithandazo ebandleni?

Ukubaluleka imifanekiso lasendulo kwamakholwa angama-Orthodox yesimanje

Yiqiniso, Museum nemibukiso, ngisho noma imifanekiso-Orthodox, kancane ukuvusa ezinhliziyweni ukukhukhuleka okholweni lweqiniso. Njengoba kuyihlazo ukuvuma, kodwa namanje banokuningi izinga Museum - emkhathini embukisweni ngokwayo erects udonga phakathi ubuciko bababuke injabulo izizwa khona uMoya oNgcwele. Idale Museum of Russian Icons abramov bangagqashula kulo mkhuba, kodwa kuze kube manje lowo msebenzi wakhe wokwakha kuhlulekile ukugwema lokhu ukudalelwa omubi, nakuba ezinye amakamelo angaphakathi eduze nethempeli. Nokho, ukubona izithombe engcwele phambi okuyinto waguqa okhokho bethu - injabulo enkulu ngoba wonke amaKristu Orthodox. Inikeza abantu injabulo Museum of Russian Icons. Moscow iye okucetshiswe nangenye lesikhumbuzo of isiko lasendulo.

Ejatshuliswe yokuthi umsunguli Museum wayezama ukuletha esontweni akuyona kuphela ingaphakathi izakhiwo, kodwa futhi wasebenza ngokucophelela ngaphandle we Ensemble eziyinkimbinkimbi - phambi Museum of Russian Icons oNgcwele Mount Athos sezindela Russian Panteleimonov. Kukhethwa indawo yayifaneleka.

Indima abashisekeli ekulondolozweni ifa Orthodox

Idale Museum of Russian Icons Taganka abramov ufanelwe abagcinanga nje ngokungahloniphi besikhathi sakhe. uthando wakhe ongenabugovu okukhulu amasiko wobaba bomdabu ukusiza imvuthu lokuphinda umlando Russian Lobu-Orthodox. Amandla namakhono abawadingayo esichithwa ke eziningi.

Ibhizinisi ifa Tretyakov abazalwane basaphila, lokhu okuyinzuzo UMuphi kweqiniso Mikhail abramov. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Izithombe isiRashiya, owabadala - ubufakazi engcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsunguli we-Museum - indoda ngempela abancane ungenza nakakhulu ukuchuma enkazimulweni Motherland. Ikakhulukazi ukuthi ukufuna ukuthola okukuzo nenzalo yabo, futhi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube manje, futhi owaziyo ukuthi yini imifanekiso ezingavamile Namanje walondoloza nasemizaneni amadolobhana kuleli zwe enkulukazi amakhethini amakhethini, ubani ku emakhoneni ebomvu amakamelo ovuthayo amakhandlela elikhanyayo.