I Federation Council of Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation: ukwakheka, ukubunjwa, amandla

Cishe kuwo wonke amazwe lapho kukhona ephalamende, ihlukaniswe yaba emakamelweni amabili. Lokhu kulungiselela - indlela elula ukwakha isimiso iqondene nezithiyo nezilinganiso. Uma ekamelweni elilodwa uthambekele radicalism, omunye kufanele ukuvimba izinqumo zayo noma ushintshe imithetho ukubenza eyamukelekayo nokuphumelela kakhudlwana. idivayisi okunjalo wazalwa iNtshonalanga yathathwa eRussia zanamuhla. I Federation Council of Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation - siyindlu engenhla ephalamende (le Duma State iyona engezansi).

isihlalo

Indlu engenhla ubonakele kuleli ephalamende Russian ngo-1990. Nokho, i-prototype ye Federation Council ayengenabo naye, futhi kwaba umkhiqizo likahulumeni waseSoviet. Lokho konke kwashintsha ngo-1993 lapho izwe umkhankaso lesisekelo sombuso esitsha. Ngokusho kwalo, futhi kwamiswa nguMkhandlu Federation of Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Sakhiwo ePhalamende livikeleke Article 95 yomthetho eziyisisekelo WaseRussia.

Phakathi kwalezi zinto zombili emakamelweni Assembly Federal umehluko eliyisisekelo ukuze kwabo kwetinhlavu kanye zamakhono. UMkhandlu yanikezwa ilungelo lokuzikhethela amandla elikhulu, elingase kuvikelwe kuye isimo nsuku eyisisekelo isimo. Eminyakeni yamuva, lesi umzimba kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi Umkhandlu Wezigele kanye namalungu aso - senators. Lokhu kuthambekela kungabonakala journalism ngokwethukela, izinkulumo, izikhulu zikahulumeni kanye nezikhulu ukhiye yezwe.

amandla

Wide Federation Council amandla we Russian Federation ezichazwe umthethosisekelo Russian ngokugcwele. Indlu engenhla kungase lokwala noma ukuvumela yimuphi umthetho lidlule phambi Duma State.

Le mibhalo zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana. Lena ngokuyinhloko imithetho kahulumeni. Amandla Federation zoMkhandlu kangangokuthi washintsha in the evamile zezibalo iningi ivoti noma ukusilela emuva yokwenziwa ezinsukwini ezingu-14. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isimo esithile a priori imithetho ungenza kubo kuphoqelekile esengena senators. Kulokhu, lo mshini indiva idokhumenti asisebenzi.

ekwakhiweni kwemithetho

Ziyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe loMkhandlu Federation, imithetho ngesabelomali federal, izintela yombuso kanye nezimali, zezimali, credit, lwemali namasiko iziqondiso. Futhi, leli qembu kuhlanganisa imibuzo impi nokuthula, ukuvikelwa kanye nesimo emngceleni, nokulahla kuciniswa izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, futhi ekugcineni, udaba lwemali.

Uma uMkhandlu we-Federation of Assembly Federal avumela umthetho, leli phephandaba eya likamengameli isignesha. amavoti 112 (izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezinkonzo senators) unqobe lo ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela kamongameli, namavoti 126 (ngamakota amathathu we senators) ayithande imithetho ku ukutjhugululwa okufaneleko komthethosisekelo nemithetho kahulumeni yomthethosisekelo.

uya khona

Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu lamavoti Federation Council lingahoxisa umongameli esikhundleni sakhe. Senators bamiswa abahluleli seNkantolo Ephakeme, iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo Supreme Arbitration eNkantolo futhi amalungu KaHulumeni zeNkantolo Ephakeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eMkhandlwini wase-Federation of Assembly Federal enquma ubani ozothatha kwensika Umshushisi Jikelele kanye namasekela akhe. Indlu engenhla ephalamende uqoka abameleli ababili ukuba National Ibhange Council. Kuchaza Accounting Chamber mabhuku futhi iPhini likaSihlalo walo.

Izidumbu Federation UMkhandlu akhethe ilunga wesithathu CEC - Central Ukhetho Commission, elawula inqubo yokhetho kuleli zwe. Njengoba ninquma ukuthi ubani kuyoba omunye amalungu eBhodi ye-Federal Commission, ukulandela ngomkhondo izibambiso emakethe. ISigele abameleli bangamalungu kuMsebenti waHulumende ngaphansi Council Russian kukaMongameli.

nezinye izici

Inegunya nomthwalo awahlobene lapho uya khona lowo Federation Council. UMthethosisekelo ubalula ukuthi uthi imingcele entsha phakathi Izikhonzi Russian Federation, futhi isimemezelo kamongameli ememezela isimo esiphuthumayo noma umthetho karate. Ekamelweni eliphezulu inquma usuku wokhetho lobumengameli.

Federation Council (usihlalo we-Federation Council kanye senators) unelungelo ukusebenza emihlanganweni yabo imodi. Ziyakwazi 1-2 izikhathi ngenyanga ngesikhathi kusuka Okthoba kuya ku-July. Imihlangano kungaba ongavamile uma uMongameli uthola isiphakamiso Undunankulu, uhulumeni, okwesihlanu amalungu Federation Council, noma Russia esifundeni. Ikhoramu kudinga khona Ingxenye yamalunga yendlu engenhla ephalamende imbala. Uma 50% azifinyelelanga, umhlangano uthathwa angalungile. Njengomthetho, Federation Council isebenza kwimodi evulekile, Nokho, uma olunikezwa iziqondiso, imodi kungenziwa ivaliwe.

I kuqala umsebenzi

Umkhandlu Wezigele has a imisebenzi ethize kuqala. Eyokuqala kubhekwa umyalezo sikaMengameli sokobana Federal Assembly kanye nokwelashwa kwayo. Okulandelayo kukhona izinguquko kuMthethosisekelo, okusalungiswa imithetho ngokomthethosisekelo futhi sikahulumeni. Ezinye zazo kungenzeka babe nesimo ekubuyekezweni saziso. Okwesithathu Uthumela izicelo kanye iziphakamiso kulesi ukulandelana eKhotho yomThethosisekelo. Lesi sakamuva kubhekwa ezamukelwe ngu State Duma wemithetho Federal eziphathelene nezindaba ukujivaza futhi kokuqiniswa zezivumelwano ngamazwe.

imihlangano Federation Council aphethwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho. Ingabe senators nethuba ukukhuluma nabantu osebenza umbiko, ukubika izwi lokugcina. Babuye unelungelo lokubamba iqhaza kule mpikiswano, ukwenza izitatimende nezikhalazo.

I-oda kumiswa

Njengoba umthetho Federation noMkhandlu, kufinyelelwe abameleli ababili kusukela isihloko Russian Federation. Esinye isici ephalamende wendawo, abanye - yesigungu. Ithemu yanoma yimuphi Senator - iminyaka emibili. Ukwakheka Federation Council siyashintsha kancane kancane nge ushintsho kwamandla ezindaweni.

Ngokusho mithetho, amalungu endlu engenhla ephalamende ukujabulela amasosha omzimba. Awakwazi labetibambile nobulelesi kanye lwekuphatfwa ngalokuyimphumelelo nesibopho ngokuveza izikhundla zabo kanye nemibono wamavoti. I Federation Council lihleleke futhi kwakhiwa isimiso non-partisanship. Amalungu ayo ungawakhi izinhlangano noma izingxenyana zegazi, njengoba kuyisiko ku Duma State.

Isikhathi sokuba sesikhundleni the Federation Council sisonke akuyona ikakhulukazi elinganiselwe. Ngokungafani State Duma sokuqanjwa lokhu umzimba sesimeni "Ukujikeleza ezithambile". Lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhathi sokuba sesikhundleni ilunga ngalinye kunqunywa igunya lesifunda. SoMthethosisekelo sihlinzekela amathuba amathathu kuphela lapho State Duma kanye Federation Council of Russia nindawonye. Lokhu ukuzwa ukhuluma weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo, umongameli we imiyalezo futhi izinkulumo emakhanda angaphandle zombuso. Ngokuvamile, i-chamber ngamunye ithobela isimiso noninterference ezindabeni omunye.

isakhiwo

I Federation Council amalungu 170. Basuke ihlukaniswe amakomiti (Ezokuphepha Nokuvikeleka Affairs, Judicial futhi Legal Affairs Nokuthuthukiswa Komthethosisekelo Law, ku inqubomgomo yentela, isabelomali, imigomo zezimali, nokunye. D.). Omunye amayunithi obhekene inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle. Okunye alawule ubudlelwane impahla kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kwezomnotho. Ekugcineni, kukhona ikomiti CIS izindaba futhi ezindabeni zamazwe ngamazwe. Kulaba senators ehilelekile Ezigabeni isiko, isayense, imfundo kanye nenqubomgomo wezolimo.

Ikomidi ngalinye inikeza iseluleko ezindabeni iwe angaphakathi kwendawo yayo ukuthi. Kuphindze kutfutfukise likhono nemithetho Izibuyekezo okusalungiswa ezihlongozwayo lokuzithoba Duma State. Amakomidi ongamsiza ukuba aluthole ukulalelwa ePhalamende. Amayunithi zibala wonke amalungu Federation Council, ngaphandle USihlalo eziningana wabasizi bakhe. Senator ngalinye lingaba basonta ekomidini eyodwa kuphela, njengengxenye okufanele kube abantu okungenani abangu-10. ngu "imikhakha" ukusatshalaliswa kumele zigunyazwe ivoti jikelele (iningi amavoti).

usihlalo

I Federation Council iholwa usihlalo. Kusukela 2011 kuze kube namuhla, lesi sikhundla oluphethwe uValentina Matvienko. Usihlalo eningi amandla yenhlangano neyokuphatha. Uhola umhlangano inquma imithetho yangaphakathi seNdlu, esisayinwe izinqumo zayo, inike imisebenzi phakathi yiphini lakhe.

Usihlalo weKomiti zezitatimende ophasiswe State Duma kanye Ezikweletini ohlongozwayo Duma State. Ubizwa okhethwe ivoti eliyimfihlo. Candidacy ivunyelwe nengxenye, futhi izakhamuzi ngazwi linye.

Inqubekela nokuhlobana nomongameli

UMbuso Duma uhulumeni waseRussia, Federation Council kanye nezinye izinhlaka likahulumeni kumele asebenze kanyekanye, ngakho Federation Council njalo has a ajenda ezithile. Lakhiwa Usihlalo futhi kusekelwe iziphakamiso amakomiti futhi ikhomishini lwekamelo eliphezulu. udaba siqu kwi-ajenda angase beka iqembu senators okungenani abantu abangu-10, kanye senators ezimbili ezimelela eyodwa isihloko Russian Federation. izinguquko zabo esimisweni ungenza omele i kamengameli ekhethekile Federation Council.

Inhloko isimo baxhumana endlini engenhla ephalamende, futhi ngezinye izindlela. Ngokwesiko okubalulekile isigijimi yonyaka kukaMongameli kuSigungu Federal. It lomuntu lokuthoma lizokwenza izinkinga eziyisisekelo nezinselele abhekene ngumbuso kanye okumele ixazululwe kuqala. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube inselele ngesidingo ukuguqula uhlelo intela kanye yasebhange. Esimweni esinjalo, uMbuso Duma kanye Federation UMkhandlu ucabangele ezihlongozwayo kaMongameli.

Umlando

UMkhandlu wokuqala we Federation uye wasebenza 1994-1996. Wayengumuntu inguquko ngakhoke njengokukhishiwe iye akhethwe ngqo ngabantu, hhayi iziphathimandla yezihloko RF. predstatel waso kwakuyindishi uVladimir Shumeyko.

Council Okwesibili we Federation is futhi ukhunjulwa ngokuthi "UMbusi-njengoba isikhulumi." Yahlala kusukela 1996-2001. Kwakuthinta eliholwa Yegor Stroyev. Isici esiphawulekayo Federation Council - ke siqanjwe wababusi nabengameli ezishayamthetho wendawo. Senators akusebenzanga isisekelo okungajwayelekile ngezikhathi isikhathi umhlangano eMoscow.

Isikhathi wesithathu ukwakheka Federation Council weza 2002-2012 biennium. Yilokho lapho ekugcineni ngiyilahle izici zabo zesikhashana, futhi wazitholela ukuma esitebeleni. Usihlalo Federation Council Sergei Mironov kwaba, futhi kusukela 2011 - uValentina Matvienko. Eyesine endlini engenhla ephalamende kwamiswa ngasekupheleni 2012. Isebenza namuhla. Ukukubika kwakubangelwa ukwamukelwa yomthetho entsha kahulumeni phezu Federation Council.