Mariana Trench - the ejulile wokuxovela

Mariana Trench - the ejulile wokuxovela kuyinto olwandle. Itholakala eduze ePhilippines ngo ePacific Ocean. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zindawo nangemikhumbi eminingi ukudlula ngonyaka. Ngisho nanamuhla, umkhombe ejulile ayizange lalingakambulelwa zonke izimfihlakalo zayo. ukujula bayo 11 km, ngephutha 40 m, futhi ukucindezela ezansi - 1,100 eziphindwe. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ngisho isimo art ayikuvumeli sophenyo ngokugcwele.

Impumuzo kanye Biosphere

I ka Mariana Trench endaweni ukujula silinganiselwa 3.7 km. Phakathi uphawula zone zalo izintaba-mlilo ziye zatholakala, okuyizinto endaweni engaphezu kuka 6 km ukujula. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa futhi ukuthi ekujuleni ezinkulu (7 km futhi ajulile) kuhlale izidalwa ahlukahlukene ulwandle owawukade njengento engenakwenzeka ngenxa ibhekene nengcindezi enkulu. Phakathi kwabo kukhona abaningi ukuthi zichazwe ngokuningiliziwe okwanele. Umkhombe ejulile Iyikhaya izinkalankala, izinkanyezi ziyaqothuka, izimpethu polychaete, echiura, starfish, izinhlanzi flat, ulwandle ukhukhamba futhi bivalves. eziphilayo Ziningi engajwayelekile futhi ezahlukene imibala egqamile, nakuba ekujuleni okukhulu kwelanga akusho ukungena. sici eyisimanga impela kwabakhileyo Mariana Trench siwusayizi yabo. Abaningi babo babe okuningi wezihlobo zawo, abahlala hhayi kude kangaka kolwandle. ucwaningo umlando

Umzamo kuqala ukuhlola Mariana Trench aseBrithani 1872. kwi corvette ngomkhumbi "Challenger", okuyinto lakhiwa kabusha ngaphansi izifundo oceanographic futhi kwamanzi futhi wenza ukujula kwamanzi. Nokho, idatha sokuqala esibalulekile ososayensi baseBrithani zavezwa kuphela ngo-1951. Abacwaningi ezanquma we ukucindezeleka ukujula eseduze. Umsele wamanzi ngokuvumelana Imiphumela yabo, kwaba ukwazi ukwamukela intaba ephakeme kunazo - Mount Everest. I ingaphakathi kwesokunxele olwandle ejulile at 10863 amamitha. Ngaphambi lezi zifundo, izwe yodwa azi ngalokho emkhombeni ejulile emhlabeni. Ngemva babenesithakazelo Mariana Trench is kakhulu anda.

Ngo-1957 le ndawo uphenyo ososayensi Soviet. Zathola nokuthi futhi we ukucindezeleka ukujula esiphezulu -. 11022 m Kulokhu, kwatholakala khona izidalwa ekujuleni 7 km nokuningi. It yaba newozawoza, ngoba kuze kube yilapho lezi izifundo, ososayensi babekholelwa ukuthi ekujuleni esinjalo singamane ukusinda aphansi.

Mayelana negama wokuxovela ejulile phakathi nekhulu lama-20 kakade wayazi cishe yonke into. Ngo-1960, abantu bawela phansi umcengezi. Kwaba wamazwe Zhak Pikar noDon Uolsh wezempi US armored ku bathyscaphe "Trieste". Amadivayisi luye lwabonisa ukuthi ama-apharathasi egxilile a ka 11.5 km ukujula, kodwa ke lilungisiwe ukuze 10918 m. Abacwaningi baye bahlala ezansi kancane kuka 10 imizuzu. Nokho, ngalesi sikhathi kwaba ngokwanele ukuze uyithole izinhlanzi flat efana ulwe. Babecwiliswa eyathatha amahora amahlanu, futhi emqansweni wathatha ezintathu.

Esikhathini 90 Kwakukhona imizamo eminingana (nge ahlukahlukene empumelelo) bagxuma ingaphakathi. idatha eningi entsha itholiwe. A indima ebaluleke kakhulu ucwaningo kudlalwa ososayensi Japanese. Imizamo babheke kabanzi ku Mariana Trench esithathwayo ezinsukwini zethu.