Poet Taras Shevchenko: Biography of the imbongi

Ngo-2014, e-Ukraine ayegubha iminyaka engu-200th lokuzalwa Shevchenko sika. Imbongi omkhulu futhi umculi isibe omunye heroes wezwe. Taras Shevchenko, ogama biography kuchazwa kulesi sihloko, wahlushwa kwejoka autocracy futhi serfdom. Kwaba lukhuni dlela ukuthi kwakumelwe ahlushwe eziningi. Ukwenqabela nezixhumanisi - kuyinto isiphetho ezivamile abaculi ongazange afune ukuba sibekezelele neziphathimandla. I wabelane ngokugcwele futhi Taras Shevchenko. Biography of the imbongi edumile Ukrainian nomculi ufakaza lokhu. Uzofunda izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo ngalo ngokufunda kulesi sihloko. Futhi ngokuqinisekile uyavumelana Iqiniso lokuthi le ndoda omkhulu kwaba imbongi Taras Grigorevich Shevchenko. Biography ngezithombe kukunikeza okuncane esitshelwa khona ngaye.

Imvelaphi ebuntwaneni T. G. Shevchenko

Imbongi esizayo futhi umdwebi wazalwa Februwari 25, 1814 ku nge. Morintsy sifundazwe Kiev (manje Cherkasy esifundeni). Uyise wayengumGreki serf ababengabendlu umninindlu P. V Engelgardtu. abazali Taras ngayohlala eminyakeni 2. Kyrylivka. Lapha ayihlala esengumntwana imbongi esizayo futhi umdwebi. Ngo 1823 Taras nomama bafa ke uyise okwesibili washada. Chosen kwaba umfelokazi wakhe, okwadingeka kakade izingane ezintathu. uyise Shevchenko washona ngo-1825 lapho eseneminyaka engu-12 kuphela ubudala. baba Ngakho uyintandane Taras Shevchenko. Umlando wakhe ephawulwe ngalesi sikhathi izinkinga eziningi. Ingane kwadingeka ukuba aphile kanzima empilweni yokungabi nakhaya. Ngenhlanhla, izwe akuyona into abantu okuhle. Taras wahlala lokuqala ngesikhathi sexton-uthisha ke ezingomakhelwane abadwebi. Taras Shevchenko at igosa esikoleni ngafunda ukufunda nokubhala, kanye nolwazi oluyisisekelo nge umdwebo elalihlangana abadwebi.

Impilo zomninindawo Engelhardt

Ngo 1828, waba inceku umninindlu Engelhardt nge. Vilshany. Taras kwaba scullion kuqala, bese kazachkom. Ngo-1829, wayesebuthweni Vilna, endlini umninindlu, futhi kamuva Petersburg, ngemva Engelhardt iyiswe dolobha (kwenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-1831). Umninindlu, ekutholeni ikhono ukudweba Taras, zanquma ukubathumela kuye ukufunda, bese ukwenza ekhaya lalo mfana ka umdwebi. Ngakho 1832 wafika B. Shiryaev, inhlangano-makhosi, Taras Shevchenko. Biography uyaqhubeka esiteji yakhe entsha yokuphila. Omunye imidwebo Shevchenko abekwe ngezansi. Umsebenzi ubizwa ngokuthi "Catherine". I sithombe ababethi 1842.

Ajwayelane art abadumile

Taras Shevchenko, wavakashela Hermitage amaholide. Esikhathini Summer Garden yena wayedonsa esifanekisweni. Taras wahlangana lapha 1836 nge-IM Soshenko, umculi Ukraine. Wethula umfana Grigorovich, uNobhala Academy of Arts, kanye abadwebi Karl Bryullov futhi Venetsianov, imbongi V Zhukovsky. Lokubaluleke kakhulu e isiphetho Taras kwadingeka laba oxhumana nabo.

Ukuthola inkululeko

imizamo eminingana ukukhulula Shevchenko kusukela serfdom kwenziwa. Sitshele kafushane mayelana ezinye zazo. Okokuqala Ubuciko Engelhardt waya ukuxoxisana, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Ngokuqinisekile Umnikazi wepulazi wafuna kube isihlengo. Khona-ke Venetsianov waya kuye ukuba nivumelana intengo. Tarasa Shevchenko ukududuzwa futhi yamjabulisa ukukhathazeka ngaye art enjalo ovelele Russian. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi wayenza wacindezeleka, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuphelelwa ithemba. Umfana uqalekisiwe isabelo sakhe, futhi Umninindawo ukuphikelela udangele kuye.

Ngo ibhuku ngempilo yakhe Shevchenko wabhala ukuthi Zhukovsky, ngemva wavumelana Engelhardt, ucelwa ukuba sidwebe isithombe kusuka kuye Bryullova ukudlala le ukuma ngobude igalari yangasese. Ubuciko bavumelana futhi ngokushesha lo mfanekiso isilungile. Nge Vielgorsky Zhukovsky wenza ilotho futhi ngaleyo ndlela Shevchenko ithole inkululeko. Ngenxa uphawu okujulile nenhlonipho kakhulu Vasiliyu Andreevichu, uye enikelwe le mbongi, enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu zezinkondlo zayo ( "Catherine").

Ngakho, ngo-April 22, 1838 Freedom Shevchenko athengwa ngayo ruble 2,500. Ngawo lowo nyaka wabhalisa Academy of Arts. Lapha Shevchenko waba umfundi K. P. Bryullova.

Sokuthuthwa kwempahla ithalente olusankondlo Shevchenko

Iminyaka engcono ekuphileni kwami T. 1840-1847 angabhekwa (esithombeni ngenhla - self-portrait of Shevchenko wakwenza ngo-1840). Ngalesi sikhathi, wayebonisa ikhono lakhe olusankondlo iqhakazile na. Biography Tarasa Shevchenka kuphawulwa nokudalwa kwemisebenzi eminingi. Petersburg, ngo-1840 kwavela iqoqo lokuqala izinkondlo imbongi ( "Kobzar"). Wabeka isisekelo for inkathi entsha emlandweni izincwadi abantu Ukraine. "Haydamaky" - umsebenzi eziningi eziyinhloko Shevchenko, lalibukeka ngayo 1842. Phakathi kwezinye imisebenzi ebalulekile kwalesi sikhathi kungenziwa kuphawulwe inkondlo e 1838 "Katherine", 1842, "Blind", 1844 "Okuqukethwe akuzwakali" 1845 "Naymichka" futhi drama 1843 "Nazar Stodolya". inkondlo Political, eyabonakala ngalesi sikhathi, - "Dream" (1844) kanye "eCaucasus" (1845). Bona sola autocracy, benamandla umoya wokuvukela umbuso. Ngokusobala ezidinga ukuba sibonise kuzo kokugumbuqelwa autocracy abantu okukhulunywa ngaso nekutimisela kutembusave ka Shevchenko - le nkondlo "Indlela sife ..." (1845).

Uhambo oluya e-Ukraine futhi reflection yabo emisebenzini

Taras ngoMeyi 1843 waya e-Ukraine. Lapha wahlala isikhathi esingangonyaka. Ngo-February 1844 biography Tarasa Shevchenka imakwe ukubuyela Petersburg. Entwasahlobo ka-1845 wathola iziqu Academy of Arts, abe "akukho ekilasini (isb, khulula), umdwebi." Shevchenko waphinda waya Ukraine. Wayefuna ukuba bazohlala Kiev. Taras bekasebenza ngalesi sikhathi eKiev Archaeological Commission ngu umculi. Wayeya ngebhasi wonke Ukraine. Nezifiso wamavukelambuso yomlobi futhi imbongi, baqinise umbono sihambela sifundazwe Chernihiv, Poltava, Kiev. Yonke indawo Taras wabukela abantu ngosizi lwezilwane abalimi. Zadalelwa ngesikhathi uhambo antiserfdom izinkondlo kufakwe "iminyaka emithathu" i-albhamu. Taras Shevchenko ufunde le misebenzi ukuba nabangane nabantu obajwayele, wabanika kabusha. Nakuba ukugxekwa Petersburg, ngisho Belinsky, kwenqatshelwe futhi abazange basiqonde izincwadi Little Russian futhi ikakhulukazi Shevchenko. Ngo izinkondlo zakhe, babona provincialism emincane. Nokho lenkaba sisheshe sizazise ke. Lokhu kuboniswa ukwamukelwa ngemfudumalo Shevchenko ngesikhathi uhambo, bophezela nga him in the 1845-47 biennium.

UCyril noMethodius, ukuboshwa nokudingiswa

Taras ngo-1846 wangena uCyril noMethodius imfihlo. It yasungulwa abafundi nothisha wase-University of Kiev ngasekupheleni 1845. Lokhu umphakathi lalinabashumayeli intsha abanesithakazelo ekuthuthukiseni lwezizwe ngezizwe Slavic, kuhlanganise Ukraine. Olahlwe a provocateur ngo-Ephreli 1847 bekubonakala lwembula ngamaphoyisa. abantu 10, amalungu bakhe baboshwa. Bamangalelwa ngokuthi ukuhlela umphakathi zezombusazwe. Bonke Bajeziselwa. Ikakhulukazi it got Shevchenko ngoba inkondlo edala emthethweni. Wayethunywe ukuba Orenburg Region igadiwe esiqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Nicholas Ngingeze mathupha ngokwami ukuthi Shevchenko kufanele kungavunyelwa ukubhala bese udweba. Inkinga yokuqala sina Taras ezihambisana umlutha wotshwala kukhona ngalesi sikhathi. Shevchenko binges ayesevele aziwa kahle. Ngesikhathi kuqhubeka uphenyo umphakathi imfihlo W. Belozersk, omunye wamalungu ayo, Shevchenko ukulungisiswa ethi wabhala izinkondlo zakhe esimweni lokudakwa futhi akazange abe ngesikhathi sibambe efanayo imiklamo. Kodwa lezi ukufundwa awalondoloziwe imbongi. Biography Tarasa Grigorovicha Shevchenka sekuqhubeke lapha.

Ukuphila Orsk inqaba, ingxenye owayekulelo qembu ayehamba nalo

Taras ubekade Orsk inqaba, okwakuwuphawu chweba ehlane. Taras Shevchenko ngemuva kwesikhashana Zhukovsky wabhala incwadi yakhe ngokucela isicelo kwelinye kuphela - ilungelo ukupenda. Ukuze Taras ngalo mqondo saba matasa Ukubala UTolstoy futhi Gudovich, kodwa nabo behlu- leka Shevchenko. Taras badlulisela icala Dubbeltu, inhloko egatsheni yesithathu, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Kuze wenkululeko ayisuswanga ukwenqatshelwa ukudweba. Nokho, abanye induduzo kumculi wanika ingxenye lakhe uhambo 1848-49. ukufunda Aral Sea. Ngenxa ngenhlonipho ukwelashwa V A. Obrucheva futhi Butakova uLieutenant wayevunyelwa ukuba wenze bangahlikihla izitayela abantu bendawo kanye nezinhlobo coast Aral. Ubude Shevchenko wadala 350 emifanekiso ekumeni kanye namathafa. Wathumba yesehlakalo ukuphila lesosha, ukuphila kwama Kazakh abantu. Nokho, Petersburg kungakabiphi kwaba ukuqaphela lokhu nokuzitika. Butakov kanye ayindilinga ku ithiphu Uthole ukhuze, futhi Taras Shevchenko wadingiselwa e-1850 ogwadule-abahlali basemjondolo, ku obakhathalelayo. Mangyshlak e Novopetrovskoye oluqinisayo. Futhi lapha kwathiwa nhlobo ukupenda.

Iminyaka esichithwa obakhathalelayo. Mangyshlak

eziyinselele kakhulu Taras aba phakathi kwabantu bokuqala 3 iminyaka sokuhlala lapha. Khona-ke kwaba lula, ngiyabonga kakhulu emseni wendawo Usigaxamabhande Uskov nomkakhe, abathandwa Taras Shevchenko lokunamathiselwe ukuba izingane zabo kanye nemvelo emnene. Shevchenko wahlala ekamu, nakuba esinye isikhulu aphakanyisiwe Tarasu Grigorevichu bahlala efulethini lakhe. Nokho, ngisho neminyaka enzima kunazo angizange babuna imbongi Taras Grigorevich Shevchenko, ogama biography kuphawulwa ezihlukahlukene izilingo ezinzima bawela isabelo sakhe. Wazama esikhundleni sinqatshiwe Umdwebo emaceleni futhi wasiphakamisa izithombe, owayekhona endleleni, umsebenzi eqolo ngesikhathi.

yokukhululwa Shevchenko

Ngo-1857, ededelwa ekugcineni Taras Grigorevich Shevchenko. Biography imbongi nomculi, cishe kwakuyoba ezahlukene uma hhayi njalo izicelo eziningi FP ngoba UTolstoy nomkakhe, AI Ukuqina. Shevchenko wahlala Novopetrovskaya aqiniswa Okthoba 17, 1850 kuya ku-August 2, 1857. Wabe esededelwa ngemuva kokufa Nicholas I.

Life Petersburg, ukukhula womaya wamavukelambuso emisebenzini

Ziningi futhi zaba nzima kwaba nje kokubuya ekudingisweni of Taras. Waboshwa e Nizhny Novgorod, avinjwe ngokufaka izihloko ezimbili. Abangane, Nokho, esenzelwe Shevchenko imvume yokuhlala Petersburg. Wafika lapha entwasahlobo ka 1858. Lapha imbongi nomculi abangane nababhali "Contemporary", kanye NA Dobrolyubov, NG Chernyshevsky, ML Mikhailov, NA Nekrasov, AN Ostrowski et al. Uthukuthele nakakhulu namanothi nokhahlo azisizanga ukubhinqa yayo. legatsha wesithathu asanda kusungulwa kokuqondisa esiqinile imbongi. Shevchenko wawuneminyaka iminyaka eyishumi, kusukela ngo-June 1847 kuya ku-August 1857. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kumdikibalise intando imbongi kanye awushintshanga izinkolelo zakhe wamavukelambuso. Tinkondlo Tinkondlo "inceku muse" (kangaka okuthiwa Shevchenko imisebenzi yakhe, okuyinto zadalwa ekudingisweni nokufihla phakathi usesho) zinezikhathi ukukhula womaya wamavukelambuso. A ukukholwa omashiqela imbongi ucingo zodlame ngomsindo wabo "Amakhosi" umjikelezo 1848. Ngesikhathi sokuthunjelwa kwakhe Shevchenko futhi wadala inoveli namaqiniso ebhaliwe ngesiRashiya. Lokhu "inkosazana" e 1853, "Umculi" e 1854-1855., Isebenza 1855 "Gemini", "i-Marechale," "Kuyishwa" futhi 1856 "The Artist". Bonke aqukethe eningi imininingwane kusuka biography of umbhali, benamandla namazwi serfdom.

Nokho, eminyakeni enzima wachitha ekudingisweni, kanye umlutha wotshwala igxilile libukelwa phansi impilo Shevchenko futhi buthaka ithalente lakhe. Wangaphumelela yaphela imizamo yakhe ukwakha umndeni (actress Riunova, ongumlimi Lusha kanye Harith). Kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe wahlala wedwa Taras Shevchenko. Biography emfushane akufanele ukumboza ngokugcwele ukuphila komuntu, kodwa umzamo wokugcina ngomshado Shevchenko sithi eceleni ngezansi.

Amazing, a ukuboshwa entsha futhi eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule Petersburg

Shevchenko wayekade Petersburg eside, kusukela ngo-March 1858 kuze July 1859. Wabe babuyela ezweni lenkaba yabo. Ngo Taras babenombono ukuthenga mansion esibheke Dnieper. Wakhetha endaweni enhle egqumeni Chernecha. Nokho, Shevchenko awuzange bayophila lapha. Ngolunye usuku, wafunda inkampani ezingajwayelekile izinkondlo zakhe, futhi isikhulu samaphoyisa ngokushesha aziswe umbusi, ethi Shevchenko kwase ekhankasela namagunya. Taras waphinde waboshwa, zaxoshwa kuleli zwe bese ubuyela Petersburg ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwegatsha lwesithathu. A biography emfushane Taras Shevchenko ikuvumela futhi bekungamelwe niziyeke imininingwane yokuphila Petersburg, njengoba nesikhathi yathela impela ngenxa yakhe. Shevchenko, siphazanyiswe eziningi nengangibajwayele kwezobuciko bese tetemibhalo, ambalwa wadweba ngesineke eminyakeni yamuva. Cishe zonke mahhala idina emicimbini nasezidlweni Wayesebabheka esibaziweyo, entsha ukuze umdlalo. Khona-ke Shevchenko waze waba academician zokuqopha ku zethusi. Lo mklomelo wathola ngo-1860.

Umzamo zakamuva ukushada

Umlando Omfushane Taras Shevchenko izingane ngokuvamile aliyinikezi leli phuzu, kodwa ngo-1860 osebenza umzamo yakamuva ukushada Shevchenko. Kwathi kuqambe kufika ihlobo lokhu, waba Petersburg, omunye - bonke abangani Shevchenko bamuka. Ngakho ikakhulukazi babazi wazizwa isizungu. ukunakekela kwakhe Lukerya Polusmakova, serf intombazane. Shevchenko waqala ngokuvamile ukumbona. Lusha wayephumelela njengombusi eliphezulu kakhulu kunakwamanye Dovgopolenkova Harith, omunye umlimi, okuyinto kanye wathumba imbongi. Mhlawumbe kwakungenxa olukhohlisayo ngaphezulu. Wakwazi ukubona ukuthi Taras - impohlo abafanelekile. Yena, ngaphandle kokunqikaza, evuma isicelo sakhe. Lusha kanye Taras babe umakoti isikhathi eside futhi umkhwenyana, kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana kunezinto ayengaziqondi. nezimbangela zayo ahlale ayikacaci, njengoba ethos L. Polusmakovoy.

Ukugula nokufa

Poet Taras Shevchenko, ogama biography isivele izokuphela, wahlangana ekuqaleni 1861 nezibi (ukuphazamiseka inhliziyo, isibindi, isifo sokuvuvuka, rheumatism). Nokho, uyacabangela ithemba lokugcina lokuthi uzophulukiswa. Ezincwadini ukuze noBartolomewu, wakhe umzala yesibili, wabhala ukuthi entwasahlobo kuyofika e-Ukraine futhi ekhaya qiniseka ukuthi zilulame. Nokho, Februwari 26, 1861, usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe, Shevchenko wafa Petersburg. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Grave futhi T. G. Shevchenko e Kanev (Ukraine) namuhla ungomunye amasayithi ohlonishwayo kakhulu abantu Little Russian.

Kodwa hhayi kuphela e-Ukraine, bedumisa lo muntu omkhulu. Biography of Taras Shevchenko ngesiRashiya nakuba akufakiwe lwezifundo zesikole sezincwadi eRussia, kodwa ubuntu bakhe, kanye lokusungula, futhi ezweni lethu zithandwa kakhulu. Igama lakhe ijwayelekile abaningi bethu. Omunye wabantu omkhulu kunabo bonke e-Ukraine ubhekwa Taras Shevchenko. CV ngesiRashiya le mbongi ngokuqinisekile nentshisekelo abaningi benu.