Lokuzaliswa sea kweminduze. Class ulwandle lily (isithombe)

izwe Unpredictable ka eziphila olwandle, ligcwele lezimanga. Ezinye zazo, kanye amakhorali futhi ulwelwe akha izingadi kwamanzi esiyingqayizivele. Crinoids - a izilwane benthic, hhayi izitshalo, njengoba kubonakala efika kuqala. Basonta echinoderms.

Uhlalwe ulwandle iminduze

ikilasi wabo ngempela endaweni ebanzi yokusabalalisa. Ngo izilwandle zomhlaba cishe akukho izindawo lapho babengabahlangabezanga crinoids. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-700 zama-be-izinkanyezi. I-Russian amanzi zasolwandle uhlalwe 5 kuphela yohlobo lwazo.

Crinoids kuwo wonke izilwandle. Ukujula ngabo engabalulekile. Bonke kahle ngokufanayo. Nokho kwenqwaba kwalezi zilwane uncamela axazulule olwandle efudumele amahlozi izixhobo zamakhorali, zitholakala ekujuleni engajulile (200 metres).

Izinhlobo ulwandle iminduze

ekilasini Crinoids imelelwa izinhlobo ezimbili zezintuthwane be-izinkanyezi - idla lubi futhi besstebelchatymi. Bonke laba bantu, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo zabo, exhunywe zonke izinto ezingaphansi kwamanzi. crinoids idla lubi, Isiqu kugxilile isikhathi lutho, njalo bahlale kule ndawo. Zone umzimba wabo kukhawulela ubude stem ababebeka ekhankasela.

Besstebelchatye lily, zibancishe ukwesekwa, siye sazuza inkululeko enkudlwana senzo. Bona alishiye substrate, bayakwazi ukunqoba ibanga okuncane. Floating izilwane ngenxa imisebe, ukusebenza njenge ephikweni. Nokho, ngamunye Isiqu elingenalo ngepeni inkanyezi inqubo ukuthuthukiswa awasoze enamathiselwe Isiqu isinyathelo. Lesi sici futhi kabusha kokubili izinhlobo zama-sea iminduze kuletha ndawonye.

incazelo yemvelo

Ngaphakathi the gama of lesi sigaba kwezilwane izimpande ngesiGreki. Crinoids (Crinoidea) ihumusha ngokuthi "like kweminduze." Kwaba njalo ngempela, in the abantu fanele kuze lo ekilasini, umzimba kumnandi, efana imbali aluhlaza. Inkulumo efanayo izimbali kwandisa emibalabala Umbala umzimba feather izinkanyezi. Lapho embona, ulwandle isidalwa enhle, futhi ngifuna ukwenza isithombe sakhe. Crinoids - umhlobiso ajabulisayo izingadi kwamanzi, okuyinto wasebenza phezu kwendalo umklami brilliant - Imvelo uqobo lwayo.

Crinoids unomzimba inkomishi emise ne ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo phakathi nendawo. Up kusukela inkomishi ephakanyiswe imisebe branched (izandla) uphehle. Thina zahlupha crinoids enamathiselwe phansi Isiqu inkomishi ikhula ubude imitha elilodwa. Petiolus yenethiwekhi nge ezihlobene lateral (cirri) enamathiselwe phansi. Besstebelchatye kweminduze kukhona cirri nje ezithathekayo, imikhawulo awo enikezwe serrated noma "izimpiko". Siyabonga kubo besstebelchatye abantu unamathele emhlabathini.

Uphaphe izinkanyezi kwakungamadodana echinoderms kuphela, ngubani wakwazi ukugcina kwabo yokhokho ukuma sici umzimba. uhlangothi amaphiko bona linamathela phansi, nokuthi ebusweni ukuthi unikezwe ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo waphenduka phezulu. Ngesisekelo isakhiwo imizimba yabo wabeka emihlanu indlela wesimethri osabalalayo. Umzimba ezakhiwe imisebe ezinhlanu uyakwazi nande yizinqamu kanye Ifomu 10-200 "izandla zamanga." Imishayo ebekelwa amagatsha lateral amaningi (pinnulami).

Ngenxa Corolla wequbula kwakheka uhlobo inethiwekhi ukuthi abambe plankton futhi detritus. Rays ukubiyela ohlangothini engaphakathi anikezwa nge anemifantu muco-ciliary, okuyinto ziyancipha ngaphakathi komgodi ngomlomo. Once in the ukudla lubashukumisela ukuba umlomo wakhe. Calyx emphethweni kusukela ohlangothini kokuphakama oyindilinga ifakwe ukuvulwa bendunu.

Owenza zangaphandle calcareous skeleton neqhaza izingxenye. It liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: endoskeleton misebe bese kuba isihloko sesiqu. Lezi zilwane benthic has izingalo zaso, wethukile futhi zokuzala (kubangela kabusha ulwandle iminduze) uhlelo. I ingaphakathi-ray zingene stem futhi igatsha ngokubhujiswa kwazo zonke izinhlangano okhethiwe.

Crinoids kusukela nozakwabo kungukuthi nje isici amaphiko-besisu isikhungo umugqa eyehlayo ngokusebenzisa imizimba yazo zonke izilwane ngamakhasimende, kodwa futhi ukucupha zangaphandle. izingxenye izingalo zaso kohlelo esibayeni-inkanyezi lula. Isibonelo, awangenanga ampoule, yokulawula imilenze. It ayitholakali izilwane futhi madreporite.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Thina ukubhekana labo kabusha ulwandle kweminduze. Lezi echinoderms yizilwane dioecious. imikhiqizo ngokocansi bawela kulezo pinnuly ukuthi zitholakala eduze indebe. Owesilisa isidoda ngokuvamile kuqala jetted kusukela pinnul usebenzisa izimbobo ekhethekile.

Indlela aziphatha ngayo kuholela ukukhuthazwa zesifazane, engenalo nelincane Amapayipi zangasese. Wakhe pinnuly nje wavele, futhi bayasilela kuzo amaqanda. Iqanda kokukhulelwa kwenziwa khona kanye emanzini, bese bephendukela zibe izibungu doliolyariyu emgqonyeni. Ngakho kukhona kabusha ulwandle kweminduze.

ukuthuthukiswa doliolyary

Ngemuva kwezinsuku 2-3 doliolyariya ihlala phansi. ukuzisika ithiphu wayo luyaqina ku substrate, yiziphi izinto eziqinile ngisho zabo ngabanye uhlobo.

Eselahle cilia zabo, aba isilungisiwe.

Isinyathelo pentakrinusa walowo indebe kancane kancane wabonakaliswa isakhiwo ezinhlanu olucijile. Isiqu ikhula, ukunweba, ukuthuthukisa imishayo enamathiselwe disk iyakhula. Doliolyariya uqala liyafana amancane be-inkanyezi, bobbing esiqwini. Ubukhulu bayo luyehluka in the Isikhawu 0.4-1 cm. amanzi Cold arctic ntombazane izibungu sikhule ku-5 cm ubude. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi doliolyariya enwetshiwe, umahluko phakathi Isiqu nenkomishi, kamuva kwakhiwa emlonyeni. Kulesi sigaba ukuthuthukiswa izibungu tsistoideynaya uphela.

Umehluko ukuvela kwamaqembu

Uma kabusha ulwandle iminduze kanye nokuthuthukiswa izibungu nse, emva kokuphothulwa pentakrinusa esiteji e womabili amaqembu crinoids okwengeziwe nokuvuthwa ageleza ehlukile. abantu idla lubi, eboshelwe endaweni eyodwa, zuza izingxenye ezintsha stem. ayewukela yabo stem uba njengamazwi abangu-zemali (ngoba amathambo ngabanye ahlukaniswe ku nomunye).

Amathambo abe uxhumano ezithathekayo esihlinzeka kwemisipha. stem isikhungo kwakwande isiteshi, lapho izinzwa amanga bese ufihle nezinye izitho. Cirri zingahlelwa ngezindlela ezimbili: kuphakathi kokuthi emhlabeni isihloko sesiqu, noma isisekelo sayo.

Ngamunye ozuza ukufana engakholekile imbali ukuthi, eqinisweni, khombisa izithombe eziningi fabulous. Crinoids yesimanje neziqu kufanele budze lobehlukene, ngokuvamile kungagcini 75-90 cm. Futhi izinsalela zamathambo sifanamsindvo obuphelele safinyelela 21 m. Uphaphe inkanyezi endulo zaziyimidondoshiya yozalo yangempela.

Besstebelchatye lily eba ehlukile. Ngemva kwesikhathi esingaba yinyanga nengxenye inkomishi ngokuzimela ngobugebengu kusukela isiqu, ake ukuntanta ngokukhululekile. Isiqu saso uyafa ekugcineni.