Lokho kuyinto maphakathi Ngomhlaba?

Le ndoda yayingeve ukungena kwi wonke amagumbi planethi yethu. Wanqoba izwe, endiza emoyeni futhi ehlela ezansi izilwandle. Wayengumuntu ngisho ukungena kwi-space kanye nezwe on enyangeni. Kodwa akekho owakwazi ukuthola umnyombo iplanethi yethu.

Ethi Mysteries of the emhlabeni

Asikwazanga ngisho usondele. Inombolo yomhlaba wonke yesikhungo kuyiplanethi yethu at ibanga 6000 amakhilomitha ebusweni, ngisho ingxenye elingaphandle oyinhloko 3000 amakhilomitha aphansi ukwedlula umuntu ophilayo. Umgodi ejulile ukuthi eyake yakwazi ukwenza umuntu etholakala endaweni Russia, kodwa wehlela angu 12.3.

Zonke izenzakalo eziphawulekayo emhlabeni kwenzeke eduze kwamanzi. Udaka ukuthi ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, iza isimo uketshezi at amakhilomitha angamakhulu ekujuleni okungamamitha amaningana. Ngisho amadayimane, ukuze kwakhiwe okufanele kube ukushisa nokucindezelwa, akhiwa ngesikhathi amakhilomitha 500 ukujula.

Konke ezansi, ligubuzelwe imfihlakalo. Futhi kubonakala engaqondakali. Nokho siyazi Akumangalisi eziningi core emhlabeni. Ososayensi ngisho babe nemibono mayelana nokuthi kwenzeke kanjani ukwakheka izigidigidi zeminyaka edlule. Futhi konke lokhu ngaphandle isifanekiso ngokomzimba. Kodwa kanjani kwatholakala?

Umhlaba mass

Indlela enhle - ukucabanga mayelana isisindo, okuyinto Earth. Singalinganisa ukuthi nenqwaba iplanethi yethu ngokuqaphela usithonye okudonsa phezu izinto phezu. It kuvela ukuthi mass eMhlabeni kuyinto 5.9 sextillion amathani. Le nombolo 59 elilandelwa amaqanda angu-20. Futhi akukho okubonisa ukuthi phezu kukhona okukhulu kangaka.

I kwabantu of izinto ku surface eMhlabeni kuyinto ephansi kakhulu kunalokho kwabantu isilinganiso iplanethi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi phakathi kwawo kukhona kwabantu okuningi kunalokho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi mass eMhlabeni kufanele zitholakale maqondana nendawo yalo. Ngakho-ke, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthola ukuthi izinsimbi ezisindayo yakha enkabeni yalo.

Ukwakheka Umhlaba core

Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi umnyombo Umhlaba cishe ngokuqinisekile i-iron. Kukholakala ukuthi inani ku-80%, nakuba lesi sibalo esiqondile namanje into okuxoxwa ngayo.

Ubufakazi esemqoka yalolu - omningi yensimbi endaweni yonke. Lona omunye izakhi eziyishumi ngobuningi emthaleni wethu, futhi ngokuvamile utholakala e emkhathini. Njengoba sazi lokhu lemali yalo, lensimbi surface eMhlabeni lingandile kangako kunalokho kuzolindeleka. Ngakho-ke, kukhona inkolelo yokuthi lapho kwakukhona inqubo kumiswa Umhlaba iminyaka 4.5 billion edlule, iningi yaso lichaza ekwakheni nucleus.

Yingakho nje nengaphakathi ingxenye eyinhloko kunobukhulu bendawo iplanethi, futhi iningi yensimbi futhi kuwo. Iron liyisici kuqhathaniswa obukhulu ngokwemvelo kithi, futhi ucindezelekile esindayo maphakathi Earth, kukhona i kwabantu ngisho ephakeme. Ngakho, umongo yensimbi ngeke alandise konke lokhu akusho uthinte kobuso mass. Kodwa nawu umbuzo. Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba iningi yensimbi bagxila nucleus?

Izimfihlo ukwakha umongo yomhlaba

Iron ukuthi ngandlela-thile ngokoqobo gravitate enkabeni Earth. Futhi akusiyo ngokushesha okunokwenzeka ukuba aqonde ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani.

Iningi mass asele Zomhlaba yakhiwa ngamatshe, ngokuthi silicates, bese insimbi oncibilikisiwe uzama ngakwazi ukuzibala. Ngokufanayo, njengoba amanzi uyakwazi ukwakha amaconsi phezu oily sensimbi eqoqwe emathangini ezincane, lapho ngeke eminye basakaza noma kudliwe.

Ngo-2013, ososayensi at Stanford University eCalifornia (USA) athola isisombululo kungenzeka. Babefuna ukwazi ukuthi kwenzekani lapho nensimbi silicates angaphansi nengcindezi enamandla, njengoba kwakunjalo uma maphakathi Earth. Ososayensi bakwazi ukwenza lesimbi elivuthako ukuba adabule silicate, ukudala ingcindezi amadayimane. Eqinisweni, umfutho wegazi ophakeme okushintsha nokuxhumana zensimbi silicates. Ngezinye izingcindezi ephakeme ekhiqizwa inethiwekhi esibunjiweyo. Ngakho, kuthathwa ngokuthi ezigidigidini zeminyaka, kancane kancane esikhundleni yensimbi phansi emadwaleni uze ufike ekujuleni kwenhliziyo.

Usayizi nucleus

Mhlawumbe, uzophinde ikumangaze indlela ososayensi eyaziwa izilinganiso nucleus. Yini le ebenza bacabange ukuthi itholakala endaweni ka 3000 amakhilomitha ukujula ebusweni. Impendulo itholakala seismology.

Esimeni i amagagasi komhlaba ukushaqeka welulele yonke indawo kule planethi. Izazi zokuzamazama komhlaba abhale la iyehla iyenyuka. Kuyafana uma thina sase ashaya ngakolunye uhlangothi planethi isando giant, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi ukulalela umsindo elakhiwe.

Inani elikhulu idatha itholiwe ngesikhathi ukuzamazama komhlaba eChile, owenzeka ngo-1960. Zonke iziteshi seismological emhlabeni bakwazi ukuloba Ukundindizela lokhu komhlaba. Kuye isiqondiso ukuthi uthathe lezi nokudludliza, bona idlule ezingxenyeni ezahlukene Earth, futhi kuthinta indlela bona 'esiphilile' kuzo ezinye izingxenye iplanethi.

Ekuqaleni umlando seismology, kwaba sobala ukuthi abanye iyehla iyenyuka elahleka. Kulindeleke ukuthi lo okuthiwa S-wave kuyoba ngakolunye uhlangothi iplanethi, kodwa lokhu akwenzekanga. Isizathu salokhu kwaba elula. S-amagagasi kungenziwa kubonakala ngokusebenzisa impahla okuqinile kuphela, futhi angibange ngisakwazi ukwenza lokhu ngokusebenzisa ketshezi. Ngakho, kwadingeka aphume ngokusebenzisa into elicibilikile maphakathi Earth. Kuyaphenywa indlela S-amagagasi bathole ukuthi rock kanzima kuba uketshezi at ibanga 3000 amakhilomitha ngezansi. Lokhu kwasikiselwa ukuthi umnyombo Umhlaba has a isakhiwo ketshezi. Kodwa izazi zokuzamazama komhlaba elinde kwenzeka esinye isimanga.

Isakhiwo core yomhlaba

Ngo-1930 i-seismologist Danish Inge Lehmann zaphawula ukuthi olunye uhlobo amagagasi, ngokuthi P-amagagasi odlula nengaphakathi kwangaphakathi, futhi ukutholwa ngesikhathi kolunye uhlangothi planethi. Ngakho ososayensi baye bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi core ihlukaniswe izingqimba ezimbili. Umnyombo kwangaphakathi, oqala endaweni ka mayelana 5000 amakhilomitha ebusweni ukujula, eqinisweni, kuyinto okuqinile. Kodwa iqiniso sangaphandle isimo uketshezi. Lo mbono kwaqinisekiswa ngawo-1970, lapho seismographs ezwelayo wathola ukuthi P-amagagasi zingase zidlulisele ngempela bekutholakala ikhenela, futhi kwezinye izimo kuwo engela. Yiqiniso, bona namanje kwakuzwakala ngakolunye uhlangothi emhlabeni.