Isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene ezincelisayo: izici kwesakhiwo

Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle - yizilwane abazondla izingane zabo ubisi. Bangabaholi ihlelwe kakhulu kakhulu. Excretory, zokuzala, wokugaya ukudla, zokuphefumula futhi isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi ezincelisayo, isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu uma eqhathaniswa nezinye amayunithi ehlelekile. Kodwa ukunakekela okukhethekile kufanele zikhokhelwe sakhiwo isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene.

Ukudla ukugaya

Ukudla - omunye izici eziyinhloko eziphilayo. Le nqubo siqukethe ekusebenziseni izinto umzimba kanye nenguquko yabo futhi kukhuthaza out ezingacubunguliwe izinsalela zokudla. Ngo izitho ezikhethekile kwenzeka ukugaya - yehlukanise eziyinkimbinkimbi izinto eziphilayo (amaprotheni, lipids, ama-carbohydrate) ku elula, okungase angena igazi. Kungani biopolymers iba yingxenye yomhlabathi ku ingxenye yayo izingxenye? Iqiniso lokuthi ama-molecule awo zinkulu kakhulu futhi abakwazi ukungena esiteshini sokugaya ukudla bungene egazini. Isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene ezincelisayo - iyathinteka. It has eziningi izici ukuhlukanisa kubo kusukela nezinye chordates.

Isakhiwo isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene e ezincelisayo

Lesi sitho uhlelo liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: isiteshi nezindlala. Ukudla kokuqala kugaywe, izakhi angena igazi, futhi izinsalela zalo ezingacubunguliwe ukuphumela phandle. i-canal Alimentary kuhlanganisa izigaba ezilandelayo: ingaphakathi buccal, pharynx, emphinjeni, esiswini, amathumbu ezincane nezinkulu, siphetfo ingquza. Therethrough futhi kususa doti undigested. Izici isakhiwo wokugaya ukudla ezincelisayo yizona ebukhoneni yensimbi. Lokhu izitho ekhethekile, okuyizinto enzyme - yelikhono begazi ekhuthaza inqubo cleavage ka biopolymers.

Izici of kokudla esiswini emlonyeni

Ama-ejensi mammalian wokugaya ukudla uhlelo, ikakhulukazi isiteshi iqala nge ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo. Isihlathi ne lip ifomu ingaphakathi preoral. Lapha kulapho ezimbili izinhlobo okulungisa ukudla. Mechanical eyenziwa esebenzisa namazinyo umahluko nolimi, chemical - enzyme of nezindlala salivary. Lapha ninamathele ohlotsheni olulodwa kuphela izinto eziphilayo - polysaccharides, carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi ukuba ushukela.

Ukwehlukanisa amazinyo lincike ohlotsheni ukudla futhi indlela ukukhiqizwa yayo. Zaziziningi izilwane kukhona amazinyo amaningi, ngoba ezidla uhlaza kukhona molars ejwayelekile ukuma flat, nemikhomo namazinyo angekho nhlobo.

Ukugaya esiswini

Bolus ngomlomo adlule emphinjeni kuya esiswini ihamba - engxenyeni enwetshiwe iningi sonke isiteshi. Izindonga zawo kwemisipha baqala shwabanisa, futhi ukudla okuxubile. Lapha-ke edalulwa, futhi amakhemikhali ukucubungula. Wokugaya ukudla, isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi ezincelisayo ahlobene eduze. juice esiswini ahlahlele amaprotheni lipids ku monomers - izingxenye. Kuphela ngale ndlela bathola lingene egazini.

Ukugaya esiswini

Isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene emathunjini mammalian uyaqhubeka: ezincane nezinkulu. Kancane kugaywe esiswini, ukudla engena izingxenye ezincane nethimba lakhe lokuqala. Lapha kukhona ukugaya sokugcina futhi ukumuncwa izinto ezisegazini kanye lymph. Eyokuqala emathunjini amancane okuthiwa ama-duodenum. It Amapayipi evulekile kwamanyikwe futhi isibindi. Ithumbu elikhulu - engxenyeni yokugcina isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene. Lapha iningi amanzi amuncwa umzimba futhi kwakhiwa sezinyawo, ibuyisele sisuka ingemuva.

indlala wokugaya ukudla

Isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene ezincelisayo libhekene khona yensimbi. Lona umzimba, yiziphi enzyme. I ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo kuyinto amabhangqa amathathu salivary nezindlala. Bona secrete a okusaluketshezi izidakamizwa kungekho nto enemibala emihle. I yokwakheka ngamathe kukhona amanzi, ama-enzyme Amylase futhi maltase ne isikhwehlela mucin. Ngamunye wabo wenza umsebenzi walo. Amanzi wets ukudla lysozyme inactivates nezilwanyana ezincane futhi aphulukise izilonda, Amylase futhi uhlaba maltase carbohydrate mucin kunomphumela ukuzivikela.

Ukwakheka juice esiswini zihlanganisa hydrochloric acid ekuvimbela izinqubo putrefactive futhi zikhuthaza umsebenzi locomotor. izinto engeziwe kukhona enzyme pepsin futhi lipase, okuyinto ngokulandelana wajinge wanamatsela amaprotheni lipids. Hydrochloric acid kuyinto into amakhemikhali asebenzayo, ke angase adle ulwelwesi esiswini. Kule izenzo zakhe ivikela isikhwehlela (mucin).

Kwamanyikwe bukhipha ayo wokugaya ukudla, ama-enzyme ehlanganisa trypsin, Amylase futhi lipase. Bagcina wajinge wanamatsela nanoma iyiphi ikhemikhali organic.

Omkhulu futhi indima kwesibindi. It njalo kwakhiwa Bile. Uma emathunjini amancane, ke emulsifies amafutha. Ingqikithi yale nqubo kusho ukubola lezi biopolymers ku amaconsi amancane. Ngenxa yalokho, basuke kugaywe ngokushesha futhi amuncwa wumzimba. Ukwenza kusebenze enzyme, kukhuphuke motor umsebenzi emathunjini, elibi stop - liphinde umsebenzi kwesibindi.

Yiziphi enzyme

Futhi manje oluningi mayelana nemvelo kanye mshini wezenzo enzyme. Njengoba yelikhono begazi, bona kusheshiswe zamakhemikhali. Ipheshana yesisu ezincelisayo kusala nje esikhundleni isinyathelo enzyme.

Ukondla imikhuba ezincelisayo

Isethi kugucuka amakhemikhali izinto kusukela esikhathini ukuchayeka okuzuza ngokuthi umzimba. Lesi isimo adingekayo ukuze ikhule, ukuthuthukiswa, kanye kuphela ukuba khona noma yimuphi eziphilayo. amaqembu ahlukene ezincelisayo ngezindlela eziningi ingashintshwa ukuze kukhiqizwe ukudla. Zaziziningi izilwane ehlasela izilwane buthaka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, banalo namazinyo evuthiwe, okungukuthi amazinyo futhi canines. Futhi kwezinhlobo eziningi herbivorous futhi ezidla. Sinesithakazelo ngokukhethekile kukhona ruminants. uhlelo yabo kokudla eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. I amazinyo bengekho ngokuphelele kusukela phezulu, basuke indawo izinyo cross-roller namazinyo kukhona ampofu. Lesi sakhiwo amazinyo okudingekayo ukuze ukuhlafuna utshani - gum. Izindlulamithi, izinkomo kanye nezinyamazane - abamele ejwayelekile aleli qembu elithi izilwane. isisu sabo ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezine. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum. Esikhathini ukudla ezimbili zokuqala ezokuhlafunwa ubola ibe izingxenye okuqinile futhi uketshezi. Gum isiphuzo ngibhodle kaningi kusukela esiswini emuva emlonyeni futhi futhi babedla i. ukudla Khona kusetshenzwe ngokucophelela ngokushesha uthola uMnyango yesithathu - incwadi, bese - ku abomasum. Kulo mnyango zokugcina ephenywa isenzo of juice esiswini, futhi ekugcineni zahlukana.

izilwane Non-ruminant ezifana izingulube zasendle izingulube izimvubu kukhona elula olulodwa-chamber isisu wokugaya ukudla ejwayelekile.

Ukuze ubambe ukudla, ukusebenzisa ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zomzimba. Ngakho, indlovu ibeka ukudla emlonyeni usebenzisa isiqu. Futhi amalulwane adla umpe, abe ubuso isicaba futhi nolimi ngesimo ibhulashi. Idivayisi olukhethekile futhi isitokwe ukudla. namagundane Abaningi ukugcina kokusanhlamvu anezikhwama esihlathini.

Isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene ezincelisayo has a isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto sincike ikakhulukazi ubunjalo ukudla isilwane izindawo.