Lithium yensimbi phosphate ibhethri: nezinhlamvu, isicelo

imishini yesimanje nsuku sebuqala futhi enamandla. High amazinga ubuchwepheshe izimfuno eliphezulu ukuze amabhethri ukuthi manje kudingeka ukuhlanganisa ukusebenza high, ukusebenza kahle energy, futhi ube benezincwadi anda ugesi.

Ukwethulwa izinhlobo ezintsha zokukhiqiza zikagesi, ukusheshisa inqubo - konke lokhu kwandisa ukuba kwenyuka kwesidzingo sagezi, namabhethri yesimanje ayisakwazi njalo babahlangabeze. Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga, abakhiqizi Ukhethe ngcono lithium-ion ubuchwepheshe. Yavela kanjalo-ke lithium yensimbi phosphate ibhethri (LiFePO4), okuyinto i ozalweni ngemibono Li-ion.

Imininingwane zomlando

LiFePO4, noma LFP, - amaminerali yemvelo Olivine umndeni, elaqala ukutholwa ngo-1996 ososayensi kusukela University of Texas, John Goodenough, eyayibheke izindlela ukuthuthukisa Li-ion ugesi. Okuphawulekayo yiqiniso lokuthi amaminerali has a ubuthi aphansi kanye nokusimama ephakeme ezishisayo kwanoma yini eyaziwa ngesikhathi electrode.

Ngaphandle-ke bahlangana emvelweni, futhi kwadingeka kube nezindleko eziphansi. I ethile eyinhloko ye-electrode ngesisekelo LiFePO4 kwaba umthamo encane kagesi, yingakho lithium yensimbi phosphate ibhethri isidlulile ukuba athuthukiswe.

Ucwaningo kulesi siqondiso yaphinde yaqalwa 2003 eMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Iqembu lososayensi abasebenza ukudalwa ibhethri ngokuyinhloko entsha elalizoba esikhundleni eziphambili kakhulu ngaleso amabhethri sikhathi, le Li-ion. Le phrojekthi nesithakazelo ezinkampanini ezinkulu ezifana Motorola kanye Qualcomm owanikhipha ukuvela ibhethri oluxube LiFePO4 cathode.

LiFePO4 ibhethri ngesisekelo

Lolu hlobo amabhethri isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo ukukhiqiza ugesi, futhi evamile lithium-ion cells kithi. Nokho, kukhona eziningi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo. Okokuqala, ukusebenzisa uhlobo ayo BMS - ukuphathwa uhlelo evikela ibhethri kagesi kusukela abantu imali eningi futhi ocucuzayo ezijulile, kuthuthukisa ukuqina futhi kwenza mthombo wamandla uzinze ngokwengeziwe.

Okwesibili, LiFePO4, ngokungafani LiCoO2, ingaphansi anobuthi. Leli qiniso avunyelwe ukugwema ezinye izinkinga ezihlobene ne ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ikakhulukazi ukunciphisa amagesi ayibe ngenxa ukulahlwa engafanele amabhethri.

Ekugcineni, ngenxa yokungabi bikho izindinganiso esihlanganisiwe izakhi LFP ehlukile chemical izingoma, elibangela ukushintshashintsha Ukusebenza onobuhle ezahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi segezi yesondlo nzima futhi kufanele kwenziwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho ethile.

izici lobuchwepheshe

Kuthiwa lithium yensimbi phosphate ibhethri 48 volts, volts 36 futhi volts 60 akhiqizwa ngokulandelana interconnecting amaseli olulodwa, ngoba voltage esiphezulu kwelinye LFP-kwesigaba hhayi lingadlula 3,65 V Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza ibhethri ngamunye may kakhulu ihluke nomunye - konke kuncike inhlangano ethile amakhemikhali ukwakheka.

Ukuze ukuhlaziywa Ukusebenza ukwethula Inani okuzisholo elilodwa kuseli eyodwa.

Ukuzaliseka best of lokho umuntu ngamunye cell ngamunye ibhethri selifinyelelwe Everexceed. Lithium yensimbi phosphate ibhethri Everexceed kuhluke ukuphila isikhathi eside. Zonke bakwazi ukumelana kufika ku eziyinkulungwane 4. Charge uze uphele du imijikelezo nge nokulahlekelwa umthamo afika ku 20%, futhi umthamo wemvula wesitoreji amandla yenzeka imizuzu 12. Njengoba sazi lokhu, singaphetha ngokuthi, lapho Everexceed amabhethri ungomunye abameleli okuhamba phambili LFP-izakhi.

Izinzuzo Ububi

Inzuzo enkulu ukuthi esimweni esihle uqokomisa lithium yensimbi phosphate ibhethri, phakathi kwezinye abameleli CRA, kuyinto kade. i-elementi okunjalo ongamelana ezingaphezu kwezingu-3 ayizinkulungwane icala-osenyameni imijikelezo ezingeni amandla lehla 30%, futhi ezingaphezu kuka-2 ayizinkulungwane - .. Uma lehla 20%. Ngenxa yalokhu impilo yebhethri isilinganiso cishe iminyaka engu-7.

• Inhlalo engenayo inxushunxushu zamanje ukushaja inzuzo yesibili ebalulekile LFP-izakhi. I voltage okukhiphayo uhlala elilingana 3.2 V kuze lokushaja namandla okukhala. Lokhu lula wiring, isidingo voltage nabalawuli.

Ephakeme isiqongo wamanje - yesithathu inzuzo yabo. Lesi sici sivumela ibhethri ukubanika amandla esiphezulu ngisho okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Le mpahla kuye kwashukumisela abakhiqizi bezimoto ukusebenzisa lithium yensimbi phosphate ibhethri njengoba primary amandla umthombo lapho eziqala uphethiloli kanye diesel.

Bekanye zonke izinzuzo, LiFePO4 amabhethri ube ethile enkulu - mass esikhulu Ubukhulu. Lokhu kukhawulela ukusetshenziswa yayo ezinhlobeni ezithile imishini kagesi.

Izici wokusebenza

Uma ukuthenga ngomumo eyenziwe lithium-phosphate amabhethri, ubunzima kanye ukugcinwa kanye nokusebenza ngeke babe. Zonke sibonga yokuthi Abenzi izakhi enjalo ifakwe BMS ibhodi ukuthi ukuvimbela abantu imali eningi futhi kuvimbele osenyameni isici ezingeni aphansi.

Kodwa uma ukuthenga amangqamuzana ngamanye (penlight amabhethri, isibonelo), khona-ke kufanele unake amandla webhethri wedwa. Lapho icala lehla ngezansi ezingeni ezibucayi (2.00 V ngezansi) ngeke ngokushesha bawe futhi capacitance, okwenza kwaba nzima ukuba ashona amaseli. Uma, kunalokho, kufanele overcharged (ngenhla 3,75 V), iseli umane mabhamuza ngenxa amagesi ikhishwe.

Uma usebenzisa ibhethri ezifana i zemoto kagesi, ngemva 100% ukushaja kumelwe ukhiphe ishaja nebhethri. Kungenjalo, ibhethri siyakhukhumala ngenxa supersaturation ka electrocution.

imithetho yokusebenza

Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa amabhethri lithium-phosphate kwimodi eyindilinga futhi sesikhashana, isibonelo, njengoba umthombo amandla abantu abadala noma ngokuhlanganyela ibhethri solar, kudingeka unakekele ukwehlisa ezingeni kwenkokhiso 3.40-3.45 V sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo lo msebenzi kusiza 'smart' amashaja ukuthi ngokuzenzakalelayo nxephezela kuqala ngokugcwele ukunikezela energy, bese yehlisa izinga ukucindezeleka.

Ngesikhathi kokuhlinzwa, kudingeka ukuqapha ibhalansi amaseli noma ukusetshenziswa sekulinganisa yokukhokha ekhethekile (e ibhethri, akhiwa i zemoto kagesi). iseli ukungalingani ngokuthi isimo esinjalo, lapho voltage ingqikithi idivayisi iku ezingeni okuzisholo, kodwa voltage iseli iba ezahlukene.

Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kungenxa umehluko we resistances lwezigaba ngazinye, abampofu contact therebetween. Uma amaseli abe voltages ezahlukene, futhi kuba engalingani icala-osenyameni zabo, okuyinto iyehlisa ukuphila inkonzo ibhethri.

Ukubeka ibhethri ukusebenza

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-lithium-phosphate amabhethri wabuthela kusuka amaseli ahlukene, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe sekulinganisa uhlelo, njengoba izigaba ungaba ezahlukene Izinga lokushaja. Ngenxa yale njongo zonke izingxenye oxhumene parallel futhi axhunyiwe kuya rectifier, ishaja. United ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba ukushaja iseli 3.6 V

Ukusebenzisa ibhethri lithium yensimbi phosphate for ibhayisikili kagesi, cishe waphawula ukuthi ngemaminithi ekucala ibhethri unikeza amandla esiphezulu, bese ukukhokha ngokushesha awela ezingeni 3.3-3.0 V Ungesabi lokhu, ngoba operation evamile ibhethri . Iqiniso lokuthi iningi amandla ayo (90%) itholakala kuleli banga.

isiphetho

Ukuphumelela I-lithium-phosphate amabhethri kuyinto 20-30% kunakunoma amanye amabhethri. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bekhonza iminyaka 2-3 isikhathi eside kunaleso eminye imithombo yamandla, kanye unikeze zamanje ezinzile phezu yonke inkathi msebenzi. Konke lokhu kuqokomisa izakhi ethulwa esimweni esihle.

Nokho, abantu abaningi ngeke akunake futhi lithium yensimbi phosphate ibhethri. Izinzuzo nezingozi nebubi ibhethri ukuphaphatheka ngaphambi intengo zabo - kuba izikhathi 5-6 ezingaphezu kuka evamile ukuba kuholele-acid amaseli. Lokhu ibhethri imoto kubiza ngokwesilinganiso lezingalo eziyizinkulungwane 26. Ruble.