Lezi zincwadi engcwele izinkolo zezwe: Torah, iBhayibheli, iKoran

ukunyakaza sezenkolo e nature ezintathu isisekelo eliyisisekelo lapho oba lonke isiko: uthisha, idluliselwe ngezimfundiso zabo futhi abalandeli lokhu abafundi nokufundisa. Ngamanye amazwi, ophilayo inkolo kungenzeka kuphela iqembu labalandeli diehard, ababethi imfundiso esishunyayelwa umsunguli. Njengoba lesi sihloko esisekelwe kuwo, sizogxila nensika yesibili - imfundiso, noma kunalokho lwaluvelaphi ebhaliwe - imiBhalo.

Uhlolojikelele

UmBhalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amasiko enkolo ukuba anake, iyona semantic core izinkolelo. inganekwane Sacral kungaba attribute ivelaphi konkulunkulu, abaprofethi, uquqaba, njll Kunoma ikuphi, ukubukeka kwayo phezu igunyaziwe futhi uthunyelwa ulwazi lwaphezulu - .. iqiniso obungenakuphikwa ezithunyelwe zivela lapha esifundeni. Lo mbono ngokwethembeka imibhalo engcwele kwenza kwayo emehlweni endoda ethembekile umthombo nowokwambulelwa futhi ngokoqobo izwi likaNkulunkulu.

Nokho, akubona bonke ngakho elula - uhlamvu ngayinye inkolo umuntu ziwumthwalo uphawu olukhethekile embonweni kombhalo, nezincwadi ezingcwele yezinkolo zomhlaba babe in the ukuhumusha incazelo ecacile kwabalandeli bayo.

Corpus tematheksthi njengengcwele, njengengxenye yesiko sivame ukubizwa njengomuntu uhlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli noma amaqoqo lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli. Ngokuvamile-ke unikezwa igama layo siqu, njengokuthi: ngobunyoninco - incwadi engcwele amaSulumane, Torah lamaJuda beBhayibheli uChristian.

Torah Tanakh - emibhalweni engcwele yamaJuda

Imibhalo emidala kunayo yonke inkolo monotheistic kuyinto yobuJuda. Ngenxa yakhe kwazalwa ubuKristu nobuSulumane. Incwadi engcwele UbuJuda - Torah - iqoqo imisebenzi emihlanu isibaluli isiko nomprofethi uMose. Ngokusho yetinsita kwenqwaba okuqukethwe Torah uMose etholwe iSinayi, ubuso nobuso noNkulunkulu.

ukuqhubeka sehlelo Jewish kuye kwaholela ukuvela futhi basakaza ematheksthi lamasha, abayithandayo ezakhiwe ukuze elisezingeni engcwele futhi liphefumulelwe, ukuthi iphefumulelwe kwaphezulu yiNkosi. Lezi zincwadi zifaka iqoqo "Ketuvim", okusho ukuthi "imiBhalo" futhi iqoqo "Neviim", okuyinto uhumusha 'ngomprofethi.' Ngenxa yalokho, waqale wangena lelandzisako engcwele umlando kanye okuthiwa ukuhlakanipha izincwadi - Anthology ngemifanekiso ezifundisayo, amahubo nangemisebenzi yokuphulukisa uhlamvu Pedagogical. Ngo eqoqweni lesibili ngokuhlanganisa eziningi imisebenzi Jewish phrofethi. Bonke ngokufingqiwe isethi eyodwa imibhalo engcwele, ebizwa ngokuthi "I-Tanakh." Leli gama - emelela sakhiwa izinhlamvu zokuqala amazwi Torah Neviim, Ketuvim.

Tanakh ngu ngezithako zawo, ukushintshwa ezincane, liyefana iTestamente Elidala yesiko yobuKristu.

A new isambulo - Omunye umbhalo omusha. Zonke izincwadi ezingcwele samaKristu

I-Canon of the New Testament of the Christian Church kwamiswa ukuze IV ekhulwini kwezincwadi mass heterogeneous. Nokho, imisinga ehlukahlukene izindawo kusadingeka izinketho ezahlukene ambalwa ukuze njengeziyingxenye yohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli. Kunoma ikuphi, umnyombo eTestamenteni Elisha kukhona amaVangeli amane, bese ulandelwa eziningi zemiBhalo YesiGreki. Phuma yencwadi yezEnzo Apocalypse. Lesi sakhiwo ukuvumele abanye ababeka imibono ukuqhathanisa iTestamente Elisha kanye Tanach okunenjongo ngokulandisa iVangeli Torah Apocalypse kanye nabaprofethi IzEnzo ezincwadini zomlando, nokuhlakanipha izincwadi umPhostoli.

A iqoqo Old and New eTestamente - liyincwadi Christian elingcwele, iBhayibheli, ukuthi ulimi lesiGreki elihunyushwe nje "ncwadi."

Vulamehlo umprofethi entsha. uhlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli Muslim

I Muslim incwadi engcwele ngokuthi ngobunyoninco. Iqukethe akukho izingcezwana abalulekile the New Testament noma Tanakh, kodwa ngokuyinhloko ngawakhe amazwi okuqukethwe ayengaphansi. Futhi okukhulunywa kuwo noJesu, okungukuthi, uJesu, kodwa ukuhlanganisa nge iTestamente Elisha, akekho. Kunalokho, kunalokho, Qur'an ibhekwa impikiswano futhi bangabethembi YemiBhalo YamaKristu.

I Muslim incwadi engcwele - ngobunyoninco - iqoqo vulamehlo etholwe Muhammad ngesikhathi bengafani noNkulunkulu futhi Arhangela Gavriila (Dzhabraelya - isiko Arab). la vulamehlo abizwa ngokuthi suras, futhi zitholakala embhalweni akuzona izindaba ngohlelo lokulandelana, nobude - ende ukuze emfushane.

Lona isikhundla okuyinto maqondana imibhalo elisetshenziswa amaJuda namaKristu kuthatha Islam: incwadi engcwele yamaJuda - Torah - kweqiniso. Nokho, njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka ubuholi bayo, futhi umphongolo wesivumelwano sikaJehova noMose sikhathele siyingcuba. Ngakho ukuthi Torah lonke Tanach asihlobene ngaphezulu. Christian Izincwadi - mbumbulu eye uhlanekezelwe ivangeli yokuqala kaJesu umprofethi, elibuyiselwe baqhubeka Mahomet. Ngakho-ke, incwadi kuphela ongcwele - ngobunyoninco, kanye nezinye akukwazi.

I iNcwadi yamaMormon isambulo waseBhayibhelini

Omunye umzamo ukuletha imfundiso yakhe umthombo KaMose zihlukaniswa Mormonism. Uyavuma njengelingcwele futhi Old and New eTestamente, kodwa igunya eliphakeme izingxenye okubizwa ngokuthi eNcwadini kaMomoni. I adepts lokhu imfundiso bakholelwa ukuthi umthombo wokuqala wanoma emibhalo engcwele yabhalwa ku izingqimba egolide ke kufihlwe entabeni eduze New York, futhi kamuva wavula ingelosi kumprofethi uJoseph Smith, ohlala XIX leminyaka Melika. Kugcine wenziwa ngaphansi kwesiqondiso saphezulu lenguqulo isiZulu amapuleti, okwathi ngemva kwalokho baphinde kufihlwe izingelosi indawo engadalulwanga. isimo Engcwele kwalo mkhiqizo uyavuma okwamanje abalandeli abangaphezulu kwabangu-10 million Isonto kaMomoni.

Vedas - ifa lonkulunkulu basendulo

Yezincwadi ezingcwele izinkolo monotheistic zomhlaba bamunye ingqondo namaqoqo bahlangana amakhodi. Eastern uhlelo polytheistic ihlukanisa indlela ehlukile lokhu ngemiBhalo engcwele: zingabantu zizimele kusukela kwenye ngokwemvelo, ngokuvamile nezimfundiso lesibopho futhi ayiphikisani. Ngakho-ke, Uma unganakile, uhlelo lwemiBhalo izinkolo dharmic kungase kubonakale kunezinxushunxushu noma iyadida kakhulu. Nokho, lokhu kuphela efika kuqala.

Le mibhalo engcwele Hinduism abizwa ngokuthi Shruti. akhawunti wakamuva okwesikhathi Vedas ezine. Ngamunye wabo ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: samhitas (emaculweni) kanye uBrahman (oda obungokwesiko of imiyalelo). Lokhu umzimba eliyigunya zonke wamaHindu ozinikele. Ngaphezu Shruti, Smriti kukhona umzimba - legend. Smriti ungumthombo ebhaliwe futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokwanele onegunya kufakwe phakathi izincwadi ezingcwele. Siqukethe 18 Puranas futhi epics ezimbili ezinkulu - the Ramayana ne-Mahabharata. Ngaphezu kwalokho, engcwele wamaHindu ohlonishwayo ngisho Upanishads. Mibhalo azibhala mystically kuthathwe brahmana.

izwi esiyigugu Buddha

Prince USiddhartha eziningi wokushumayela, futhi izinkulumo base kanye kwakheka isisekelo imibhalo eziyiqiniso Buddhism - sutras. Kufanele basho zisuka ukuthi ayikho into efana ncwadi engcwele Buddhism bendabuko umqondo oyedwa. In Buddhism akekho uNkulunkulu ngakho-ke akukho izincwadi eziphefumulelwe. Kukhona imibhalo kuphela eyabhalwa othisha ukukhanyiselwa. Yilokho ibanika ukuthembeka. Ngenxa yalokho, ubuBuddha has a uhlu kunalokho olubanzi izincwadi ezingcwele, okwakwenza kube nzima ukufunda futhi systematization.

Esifundazweni saseningizimu ubuBuddha, ikakhulu isiko Theravadan uyasinda njengoba incwadi engcwele Buddhism lasemukela lesi okuthiwa Pali uhlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli - the Tripitaka. Okunye izikole Buddhist ungavumelani futhi unikele izinguqulo yabo emibhalweni engcwele. Iningi umxhwele ngokumelene nezinye ubukeka Gelug isikole Tibetan Buddhism: ingxenye kohlu lwezincwadi yayo engcwele ihlanganisa amaqoqo Gandzhur (inkulumo Buddha sika) kanye Dandzhur (namazwana Gandzhur), engamaphesenti amavolumu 362.

isiphetho

Zonke okungenhla imibhalo izinkolo zezwe - acacile kakhulu futhi olufanele kulesi sikhathi sethu kuphela. Yiqiniso, lolu hlu akugcini umbhalo, kodwa sincane kantsi uhlu okukhulunywe izinkolo. Izinkolo eziningi ezithathekayo yobuqaba akazange abe imibhalo eyabekwa, ngomoya ophansi tekukhipha ngomlomo basezinganekwaneni. Abanye, ngisho noma kudingeka elihle kultoobrazuyuschie imibhalo, nokho basuke hhayi icala ubunjalo engcwele kwemvelo. Ezinye izimiso ngamasiko enkolo ambalwa ngihlalé aphume equation, futhi awazange zidingidwa kulesi ukubuyekeza, ngoba ngisho kancane izincwadi ezingcwele izinkolo zezwe, ngaphandle kokukhetha, angaba namandla okuwunikela kuphela ngefomethi ye-encyclopedia, kodwa hhayi i-athikili iDemo.