Lapho ukuwafaka yasungulwa? Umlando ukulondolozwa

Iningi lethu njalo odla okusemathinini ukudla, abanye okuningi abanye okuyingcosana. Futhi akekho umuntu akucabangayo, nendlela abantu esetshenziswa ukwenza ngaphandle mikhiqizo njengoba benza esitokisini ebusika. Uyini ukulondolozwa, ngalokho inqubo ubusika workpiece musa empango? Kulesi sihloko, sizama ukuqonda konke lokhu. Futhi ukuqala ulwazi mayelana lapho ukuwafaka yasungulwa, indoda isifunde indlela ukugcina inyama, imifino, izithelo, iziphuzo isikhathi eside.

Kuyini nokongiwa?

sekuyisikhathi eside umuntu wathola izindlela ukugcina ukudla, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi intuthuko sixazulula le nkinga unomphela. Manje abantu kufanele ibe umsebenzi ukuhluka - ukugcina imikhiqizo ngendlela ukuthi injengomoya eduze isesimweni sayo semvelo. Ngakho, zonke senzakalo esikhethekile, ukuthuthukisa, futhi ngokuthi ukuwafaka.

Ngenxa yalesi okusunguliwe, izakhiwo zemvelo imikhiqizo kakhulu akakwazi londoloza. Eqinisweni, ngisho igama elithi "ukongiwa" - kusuka elithi Latin futhi elihunyushwa ngokuthi "kwemvelo." Le nqubo ingaphansi isifundo zesayensi. Kakade, imuphi yasungulwa ukuwafaka? Ukuze sinqobe kule eziphilayo ebonakalayo ezibhubhisa imikhiqizo - isikhunta, isikhunta, futhi engabonakali - imvubelo namagciwane. Usosayensi French ULouis Pasteur, yabeka isisekelo sezinkolo nokubhujiswa kwabo. Yingakho inzalo ashisa ephakeme ngokuthi pasteurization.

I ucwaningo lokuqala nokongiwa, efana wamanje

Kodwa uma ikholelwa ukuthi wathola impendulo yombuzo uma yasungulwa ukuwafaka, okungalungile. Pasteur - hhayi umuntu wokuqala ngubani cishe kusetshenziswe indlela ukulondolozwa. Umuntu onjalo kwaba Nicholas Appert. Wayeqhuba ucwaningo ukuze alondoloze ukudla by abilayo izimbiza ngesikhathi - tin. Imbiza wabekwa ukuthi baqhubekele phambili evuthayo umusi noma amanzi abilisiwe ashisayo. Imbobo washiya emoyeni wayesefakwa ngokushesha uphawu.

Ngenxa abilayo nge nosawoti lokushisa rose 135 degrees. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu abatholakele zonke izimbangela izinguquko imikhiqizo umzimba value futhi wafunda ukusebenzisa ukuwafaka ibelula kakhulu, lokho kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine isikhathi eside kule izithelo okonakalayo nemifino.

Ukulondolozwa ubudala

Noma kunjalo, lapho yasungulwa ukuwafaka? Ube nosuku lokuzalwa oluhle kubhekwe njengento usuku emcimbini wokuvulwa yokugcina ukudla emathinini lokuqala - kwenteke eNgilandi yesithathu ngo-September 1812. Ubuchwepheshe wabonakala eFrance ngo 1809. Kodwa kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izimfihlo yale nqubo bebelokhu baziwa ngokuba ayizinkulungwane eziningana iminyaka. Ngesikhathi kumbiwa ngo-Egypt, lapho wathola ethuneni Tutankhamen, sathola ngowokuqala ngqa okusemathinini emhlabeni. Lawa kwakungamadodana amadada, okuyinto wake wosa futhi bamgqumisa ngalo obumbeni inkomishi ehlanganisa halves ezimbili lwaqinisa uwoyela Bay omnqumo. Sekuphele iminyaka ayizinkulungwane ezintathu, kodwa abazange wanyamalala, babe kunemibandela kufanelekile ukuba zidliwe umuntu.

Abantu akudingeki ukuba izifake engozini, kodwa inja bakudla kanye injabulo. Ekhulwini elidlule, e-United States, lasendulo nakakhulu (ngalesi sikhathi ubunjalo) "okusemathinini" atholakele. At eyikhulu amamitha ukujula, kuvuleke Umhubhe, abantu kwakumelwe ungqimba esobala rock usawoti. Futhi wabona ezinye izinhlanzi eqandisiwe! Kwakumelwe esithambile futhi, cishe, ezidliwayo, kodwa ngokushesha waphendukela itshe ongaphandle. ubudala babo - Sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi ayizinkulungwane. Ukuze siphendule umbuzo ukuwafaka lapho yasungulwa, unga amaNdiya akhishelwe eNyakatho neMelika. Zisese ekhulwini XVII kwakugaywa inyama lube impuphu, ohlanganiswe ngayo izinongo ezahlukene futhi agcinwe izinyanga eziyisithupha ngemigodla isikhumba ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ngalezo zikhathi, abantu kakade ephethwe ubuchwepheshe zokuyithambisa, ukubhema kanye omiswe.

Amathini ukongiwa umfutho

Ukuze sithole impendulo yalo mbuzo mayelana lapho ukuwafaka yasungulwa, kudingeka uqonde ukuthi yini inqubekela eyashukumisela sokugcwaliseka kwaso. Esinye isizathu singaba ukuhlonipha okunjalo kwaba kokusungulwa uPetru Durand, English umakhenikha ithini. Ngenxa yesisindo sayo ongaphakeme futhi kompaknosti sebekwazi ukuthutha, waqala ukungenisa okusemathinini kakade ke - ku amakoloni waseBrithani. Nakuba lezi amabhange ukuvula isikhathi eside kwakunokwenzeka kuphela ngosizo kwesando ishizolo. Khona-ke ukumboza steel solder ngokunembile futhi ithini - ukwenza ohlabayo.

Ekugcineni, ngo-1860, wasungula ngikwazi ukuqala ikani, futhi phakathi kwekhulu lamashumi amabili - unjiniyela kusuka e-United States, Erma Frazee, necebo amabhange ukhiye. Umfutho ukuthi sasinjani isimo, ngesikhathi yena nabangani bakhe, waya ehlathini for a epikinikini futhi wathola ukuthi ummese esikhethekile aluminium amathini , akekho. Inqubekela akemi namanje, manje esakhelwe umsiki usike kakade futhi okuqukethwe isitsha.

Ukuwafaka eRussia

Futhi lapho ukuwafaka yasungulwa eRussia? Ngaphezu kwakho konke, uma kuziwa endabeni amazwe ethu? Ngo 1763, ukuhlela uhambo kuya ezindaweni ezikuma-pole, usosayensi Lomonosov Mihail wenziwe ukuze wabasizi bakhe ngoba isobho omisiwe nge izinongo. odwe kahle futhi ngaphandle namakha, amakhilogremu nengxenye eyodwa nezinye.

Imboni yokuqala, oveza ukudla okusemathinini, ezweni lethu waqala eminyakeni engu-58 kamuva kakhulu eYurophu (1870). Ngokuba impi e Petersburg ekhiqizwa namakani iphalishi, ipea isobho, sikadali, inyama kanye uphizi, eyosiwe yenkomo. inhlanzi okusemathinini ukungezwa uhla for umphakathi.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iSoviet Union waba umholi ekukhiqizeni ukudla okusemathinini. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lokhu kwakungeyona kuphela inombolo omkhulu imikhiqizo (eyodwa kuphela isitshalo eMoscow ukhiqiza namakani ezingu-100 ngonyaka), kanye in ezahlukahlukene. Cabanga - cishe bungamakhilomitha izinhlobo imikhiqizo ephuma izithelo, imifino, inhlanzi kanye inyama okusemathinini, juice. Futhi-ke, sonke siyazi ukuthi ukuwafaka ebusika, kuwo wonke amazinga, bekulokhu e skates ezweni lethu ngalezo zinsuku.

Main okusemathinini eSoviet Union

Abaningi usengakwazi ukukhumbula izinsuku lapho emashalofini babe eziningi amakopi egcwele. Uyakhumbula yini ukuthi kakhulu? Kunjalo - ethinini utamatisi. Ungadliwa ukuwafaka ke zazinzima esiyingqayizivele. Njengoba intengo - 33-35 amasenti imbiza ngalinye, okuyinto kuphela nomthelela ukuthandwa.

Lapho u-Esteri azifaka kuwo? Pilchards amathani sabanjwa kolwandle, ebhodini a Isikebhe sokudoba kakade enosawoti futhi wathumela masinyane ukuba le mboni. Kube abafafazwe ufulawa, bacwilisa emafutheni zemifino, red-hot ukuze abilayo. Abasebenzi ke isandla rammed izinhlanzi processing plant e sprat namakani nezinti egcwele ezincane utamatisi sauce ungqimba.

zokupheka Modern for ukuwafaka

Usho ukuwafaka? Ngaleso sikhathi samanje ke wehlukile ngempela. Ngu ukuwafaka zokupheka ukuthi: salting, pickling, zokuyithambisa, abilayo ushukela. Uma usika yasekhaya izithelo, imifino kanye amajikijolo ngezandla zabo, yenza isiqiniseko sokuthi uthole nokuningi ewusizo futhi zibe nephunga elimnandi xaxa futhi tastier kunanoma iyiphi nozakwabo endaweni yokukhanda.

Uma kuphela ngoba indaba kokuqala ayoyikhetha ngokwabo, okusho ukuthi kuzoba izinga ephakeme. Futhi ngokuqinisekile ngeke usebenzisa ezihlukahlukene nezivimbelakuvunda ukhahlo, enempilo kakhulu. Futhi uqhubeke, njengoba kufanele kube: ezingeni lokushisa ongaphakeme, egumbini elimnyama ngaphandle elangeni. Ngakho uma ungeyena lazy kakhulu ukuba uhlupho, futhi ihlobo noma ekwindla, sizonikeza wonke umndeni ukuze Vitamin ebusika amandla egcwele!