Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi leli cala elizimele lenziwe ngesiNgisi?

Icala elizimele ngesiNgisi lihambelana nesiphakamiso esiphezulu noma isihluku semabito ngesiRashiya. Kubonisa ukuthi yiyiphi into noma into eyodwa komunye. Isibonelo: idoli lomfana - idonsa yentombazane. Njengomthetho, igama, elisetshenziselwa icala elizimele, ngoba elinye igama lisho incazelo.

Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi leli cala elizimele lenziwe ngesiNgisi?

Leli fomu lamukelwa kuphela yizibizo ezinamagama afanele, ezitholayo kanye nezingxenye ezingapheliyo. Kubalulekile ukwazi, ngokufunda isiNgisi, icala lezinhlamvu. Kuyingxenye eyodwa, kuyadingeka ukwengeza kuhlobo lwangempela lebizo. Isibonelo: Ukugqoka umama wami - ukugqoka komama wami, izincwadi zikaNick - izincwadi zikaNick, umsila wekati - umsila wekati.

Usho kanjani ukuphela?

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kungenziwa kufundwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Uma leli gama liphela kumuntu oyisithulu, ukuphela kufundwa njenge [s]: ikhala lekati, umlenze kaNick. Uma ekupheleni kwezwi kukhona i-consonant ecacile noma isibonakaliso, khona-ke sifunda njenge [z]: amathoyizi wezingane, umsila wenja, umbhede womntwana. Ngemuva kokumemeza noma ukuxosha, ukuphela kufundeka kanje [iz]: isikhwama sikaGeorge, isikhumba sehhashi. Kodwa-ke, uma -s, -kuphela ngamagama afanele, khona-ke icala le-possessive ngesiNgisi lenziwa kuphela ngosizo lwe-apostrophe, futhi ukuphela kusekufundwa njenge [iz]. Isibonelo: Alex - Alex '[`æliksiz], uBoris - Boris' [` boːrisiz], uDenis-Denis '[den den].

Ezinye izici zokusebenzisa i-apostrophe

Amagama aseBrithani agcina ifomu eligcwele lecala elizimele. Kodwa i-Old English, i-Roman noma i-Greek ngokuvamile ine-apostrophe kuphela kule fomu. Isibonelo: Izindaba zikaSocrates - Izindaba ze-Socrates, imibono kaTacitus - Imibono yeTacitus, Mask Guy Fawkes - Guy Fawkes mask, izincwadi zikaCervantes - izincwadi zikaCervantes. Ngokuvamile ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana necala leqembu eliphethe impahla. IsiNgisi sehluke kokunye. Ungasondelene nalo lonke iqembu lamazwi. Isibonelo: Indoda yomyeni olandelayo ngumfazi womuntu ohlala eduze.

Inqwaba yamabizo

Uma ubuningi benziwa ngemithetho evamile, i-apostrophe ivele yanezela egameni. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukubiza okufanayo kuyaqhubeka okufanayo: amantombazane [golz] - amathoyizi amantombazane [golz]. Uma lesi sibizo singehlukile, khona-ke leli cala lezimpahla lenziwa ngokuya komthetho "s": izigqoko zabesifazane ziyizigqoko zabesifazane.

Ubuhlobo bobudlelwane

Ngokuvamile icala lezinhlamvu zesiNgisi lakha izibizo, okuyizincazelo. Ngokuvamisekile baveza lokho okuyingxenye eyodwa komunye. Isibonelo: Amadokodo amantombazane - amadokodo (obani?) Amantombazane, izindlu zabazali - indlu (ngubani?) Abazali, imoto yomfana - umshini (ngubani?) Womfana. Kodwa kukhona amacala lapho umuntu evezwa ngokuzikhohlisa. Ngokuvamile umusho onjalo ubizwa ngokuthi-inkulumo. Kodwa inkulumo enjalo isetshenziselwa kuphela lezo zibizo ezingezona amagama afanele. Isibonelo: umama wamantombazane ungumama wamantombazane, inkulumo yendoda yikhulumi lomuntu, umnyango wendlu igumbi lendlu, uphahla lendlu luphahla lendlu. Le nkulumo kufanele isetshenziselwe kuphela amagama okungafihli. Uma igama liphilisa, kungcono ukusebenzisa "'s". Ngokuvamile, into ephathekayo isetshenziselwa lezo zibizo ezichaza into: Ubisi lwezimbuzi - ubisi lwezimbuzi, 'umfaniswano wezinyawo' - ifomu eligqokelwe abashayeli bezindiza, isikole 'sabafana yisikole lapho abafana kuphela abafunda khona.

Amagama angasetshenziselwa icala elizimele

Zingahlelwa ohlelweni kumaqembu alandelayo:

• Labo abaveza ibanga nesikhathi: ukuvakasha kweviki - ukuvakasha kweviki, ifilimu izolo - ifilimu yelanga, umzila wamakhilomitha wekhilomitha;
• Labo ababiza izikhathi zonyaka, inyanga, idolobha kanye nezwe: imizi yase-Ukraine - imizi yase-Ukraine, iminyuziyamu yaseMoscow - iminyuziyamu yaseMoscow, ngoMashi ishushu - ngoMatshi ukushisa, umoya wasentwasahlobo - umswakama umoya;
• Labo ababiza imibono yezwe: Indlela yokuphila yaseMelika - indlela yaseMelika yokuphila, umkhawulo wechibi - emaphethelweni echibi;
• Amabizo afana nolwandle, amanzi, inyanga, ilanga, umhlaba, imvelo, idolobha, izwe, umhlaba, umkhumbi nabanye: ukuphila kolwandle - impilo yolwandle, induna yomkhumbi - umphathi womkhumbi, ukukhanya kwelanga ukukhanya kwelanga;
• Lezo zibizo ezihlobene nobuchwepheshe nezindlela: injini yendiza - umshayeli wendiza;
• Imikhiqizo yemfuyo abantu abayitholayo ezilwaneni eziphilayo: iqanda lezinyoni - iqanda lenyoni, ubisi lwezimbuzi - ubisi lwezimbuzi;
• Izingxenye zomzimba wezilwane: uphondo lwezinyamazane - uphondo lwezinyosi.

Kunezimo ezinjalo eziseduze nebizo, elisetshenziselwa icala elizimele, alikho igama elikuchaza. Lokhu kwenzeka uma kudingekile ukugwema ukuphindaphinda: Ubaba wami ubude kune-Olga's (= kunoyise ka-Olga). - Ubaba wami uphakeme kunobaba ka-Olga. Futhi, leli gama lingashiywa uma lisho noma yisiphi isikhungo. Kungaba yisibhedlela, isikole, isonto, njll. Icala elinjalo elinamandla libizwa ngokuthi lizimele ngolimi lwesiNgisi. Izibonelo zakhe zingaba okulandelayo: i-bucher's - i-bakery, ikhemikhali - ikhemisi nabanye. Kukhona amacala e-double genitive case. Yilapho igama elibhekene necala elibhekene nalo lime eceleni kwesimiso esilandelayo. Ungakwazi ukulandelela amacala asetshenziswayo yisibonelo: Ungumfundi ofunde naye wamabanga omama. "Ungumfundi wami ofunde naye."

Ukuze ungenzi amaphutha asetshenziswayo, kubalulekile ukwenza izivivinyo eziningi. Icala elizimele (isiNgisi singomunye wabambalwa abanalo) asinalo omunye umsebenzi kunokwakheka. Yingakho ngokuvamile kungekho ubunzima ekusebenziseni kwayo. Kwanele kuphela ukuqonda imithetho eyisisekelo futhi usebenzise okuningi.