Kuyini luminol? kanjani luminol ekhaya

Ezinye izinto, ngekubamba lichaza zamakhemikhali, unekhono ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana zokukhanya. Njalo wemithi amateur kanye ekhiqizwa ketshezi elikhazimulayo. Lesi sihloko kuzoxoxwa okungukuthi luminol, indlela ukupheka ekhaya.

Kuyini chemiluminescence?

ukusabela Abaningi kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka lapho kukhululwa amandla. Ekuhloleni kakhulu, amandla ikhishwe njengoba ukushisa. Ngo ukusabela izixazululo alikhali futhi acid abangu ukufuthelana. Kukhona amacala lapho amandla kungaba ukuzibonakalisa ngesimo kagesi (ucwaningo nge amaseli electrochemical). Esikhathini amandla omlilo of the reactants is kuguquka ukufudumeza nokukhanya.

Kodwa kukhona ukusabela lapho ukukhanya ekushayweni kwenzeka, kodwa akukho ukwanda lokushisa. Lesi senzakalo ngokuthi chemiluminescence. I okusobala kakhulu isibonelo - abandayo phosphorus kukhanya. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusabela kakhulu amakhemikhali ukukhulula "ukukhanya abandayo" oxidized organic compounds. Oxidants ngokuvamile isinyathelo-mpilo noma i-hydrogen peroxide.

Emvelweni, kukhona izinto eziningi engase ikhiphe ukukhanya. Kodwa iningi kukhanya etholwe ibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi kungatholakala kuphela imishini ekhethekile.

Ukuze chemiluminescence bhá futhi zizinhle uyakwazi iqembu elincane organic compounds kanye wezinto ezingaphili. Esikhathini Izibonelo izinto ezilandelayo: luminol, siloxy, lofin, futhi lyutsegenin difeniloksalat.

Kuyini luminol?

Luminol ukuthi kuhlelwe eJalimane ngo-1902, kodwa igama lakhe langempela kamuva. Kuyinto crystal amhlophe noma aphuzi ukukhanya in umbala, kalula encibilikayo kumakhemikhali awuketshezi polar organic. Ngo amanzi, luminol kuyinto zingaxazululeki ngokuphelele.

Lokhu udaba eziphilayo uyakwazi ukukhulula ukukhanya lapho kuhlangene i-hydrogen peroxide noma ezinye oxidants. Ngo uketshezi hlangothi futhi ene-asidi kancane, ngaphansi UV ukukhanya, kube fluoresces ukukhanya esiluhlaza. Ngo izixazululo ane-alikhali (i-hydrogen peroxide), lapho iminikelo eqoqiwe ukusabela khona catalysts - ekhuthaza phosphorus, zensimbi ka hemin futhi athwala umoya-mpilo - luminescence etholwe te ngaphezulu 'iyezwakala.

Inqubo unezigaba ezimbili. Acid ukufuthelana nge hydrazine i kuphela organic nge okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuvala abacaphuni (3-ethylene glycol). I ukufingqa kohlelo heterocyclic etholwe 5-nitroftalilgidrazida. Le ngxube kuyehla usebenzisa ammonium sulphide, lapho kwakhiwa futhi luminol. Izandla lingalungiswa ku zamagama laboratory 3-nitro-phthalic acid.

Lapho ukusetshenziswa luminol

Ingqikithi esikhuluma ngako iyaphendula esiphawulekayo yensimbi, oyingxenye ye-hemoglobin. Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi elisetshenziswa izazi olunzulo ukuhlonza wegazi iminonjana futhi zeminwe kwesokunxele endaweni yesehlakalo. Luminol isetshenziswa ososayensi phakathi ucwaningo ehlukahlukene yemvelo ukuthola iron, ithusi kanye cyanide.

Lapho ukuthenga isixazululo luminol

luminol izindleko impela high. Kungenzeka ukubheka chemical izinkundla, lezisekelo ekhethekile noma Pharmacy. Uma ungazi lapho ukuthatha luminol, ungakwazi ukuthenga kule "Galavit" ekhemisi, okuyinto etholakala amaphilisi, amaphilisi kanye suppositories. Ithebhulethi iqukethe 25 mg usawoti sodium ka luminol. Ukuze 50 ml isixazululo 1% kumele kube amaphilisi 20 (nokupakisha). Izibhebhe zigaywa zibe impuphu bese amanzi wanezela kuso.

I elikhanyayo ketshezi i-hydrogen peroxide

Zikhona izindlela ngoba uketshezi akhazimula ngokurhaba. Kodwa isixazululo esingcono kakhulu esetshenziswa luminol, ngoba inika ukukhanya smooth and soft bluish. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale, qinisekisa ukuthi ukuvikela izindawo wadalula kwezicubu aminyene umzimba, futhi izandla, gqoka amagilavu.

Lungiselela luminol ekhaya classical (kuqala) iresiphi:

• Luminol - 2-3 amagremu.
• Amanzi - 0.1 amalitha.
• Isixazululo of hydrogen peroxide (3%) - 0.08 amalitha.
• soda Caustic - 0.01 amalitha.
• Bluestone - 3 amagremu.
• Amadayi (ruble, brilliant green noma yimuphi omunye).
• Glassware (flasks noma izimbiza).

Ukulungiselela:

• Thela gilazi tsha nokungeza amanzi luminol. Ngokuphelele uhlanganise zinhlayiya emanzini, ukuze wandise ke siphela.
• Ukuze ikhambi okuholela ingezwe i-hydrogen peroxide.
• Ukwakheka okuholela ngokungeza ithusi sulphate. Sulfate ungayithola enye chloride ferric noma usawoti igazi.
• Ukwakheka yakamuva kakhulu ukunamathisela soda caustic.
• Egumbini uvala ukukhanya. Ukwakheka kwaphumela kumele ihlaba umkhosi ukukhanya bright blue. Uma lowehlukile, bese ungeza ikhambi udayi Fluorescent ezifanele.

inketho Okwesibili:

• isixazululo luminol (3%) - 5 ml.
• Gidroperit (3%) - 10 ml.
• yokuwasha yokuwasha ngamanzi - 20 ml.
• potassium permanganate.
• Noma yimuphi imbiza ingilazi noma imbiza.

Izigaba:

• Gilazi uthele luminol izixazululo, yokuwasha ubhuqu i-hydrogen peroxide.
• Ngomusa ukukuthinta zinhlayiya ambalwa potassium permanganate bese uyifaka nokubunjwa Imininingwane.
• Ukuze ubone ukuthi luminol nokuthi babonakalise impahla yayo, uvala ukukhanya egumbini. Lolu ketshezi ihlaba umkhosi ukukhazimula enhle. Uma isixazululo ngezikhathi enyakaza, Foam elikhazimulayo livela phezu yalo.

Ukulungiselela yesixazululo ne-dimethyl sulfoxide

Okuningi samuntu ezithakazelisayo ngeke luminol namachibi ngu-mpilo asemkhathini e Dimexidum ophansi. Luminescence kwenzeka ekusebenzisaneni umoya namanzi ukungcola sigaba.

sidinga ukulungisa nokubunjwa:

• Luminol - 0.15 amagremu.
• Dimexidum (DMSO) - 30 ml.
• yabahlanzi Dry - 35 amagremu.
• Noma yimuphi udayi Fluorescent.
• glassware okuphezulu.

izigaba:

• Ngokuphelele kuxutshwe negabha dimexide, luminol futhi alikhali.
• Lo mkhumbi kokuvalelwa uvalwe ngesivalo.
• Egumbini uvala ukukhanya.
• Igabha is kancane unyakaziswe ukuthola kukhanya bluish. Ukuze ushintshe umbala ukuze ungeze udayi Fluorescent.
• Uma kukhanya ilahlekelwe ukukhanya yayo, kungenzeka ukuba umfuma ngokuwuphula. On yokuvuma emoyeni ku umfuma ikhambi futhi iba egqamile futhi elihlale.

Ukupheka Tips

alikhali Abaningi ikhambi is hhayi Kunconywa ukuthi lungeze, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukuncibilikisa abese ephinda ebasa uketshezi noma insima obukhulu. Ukumiswa luminol Dimexidum futhi alikhali zingagcinwa isikhathi eside. Uma wengeza i-kukhanya oxidant kuyoba iyunifomu. ubude bayo incike inombolo bese gidroperita le luminol futhi ingafinyelela imizuzu 40. Kodwa kusukela overabundance ka luminol kukhanya isiba buthakathaka.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi luminescence ukugqama kanye nesikhathi uyophinde zincike lokuhlushwa luminol. izixazululo kakhulu buhlanjululwe ukunikeza kukhanya sibuthakathaka kodwa eside. A lokuhlushwa enkulu impahla yakha ukukhanya okunamandla wonke isixazululo. umbala Khanyisa kungaba isukela blue oluhlaza. Ngo ukwakhiwa acebile oqukethe okuhlushwa okukhulu kwegazi nosawoti etholwe okuluhlaza kuyabonakala.

Kungenzeka yini ukuba esikhundleni luminol?

Kunezimo lapho kudingeka ukulungiselela ketshezi elikhanyayo ngaphandle luminol. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha boric acid kanye amaconsi ambalwa fluorescein. Lezi izinto ezidingekayo ukuze uhlanganise futhi shisisa ipuleti metal. Liquid izokhanyisa ebumnyameni cishe umzuzu.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini luminol, kangcono zama ukuthola yona ngokwakho. Njengoba isisho sibonisa, kangcono ukubona kanye kuka ukuzwa kayikhulu. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi iyiphi ucwaningo ehilela nokuxhumana izinto ezonakalisayo futhi elimazayo. Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba bagcine siphephe.