Kuyini leishmaniasis? izinhlobo leishmaniasis

Esikhathini esiningi abantu ibhekene izifo zesikhumba: ukuqubuka livela, isilonda lingacaci yize kunjalo onjani yizinyoka, kodwa ngandlela-thile kuyinto exakayo. Isikhathi esining impela omiyane bite kungaba zibe nezifo, ifomu enye yazo isifo ezifana leishmaniasis. Kuyinto ngalesi sifo kanye nenkulumo namuhla. Ngakho, liyini-leishmaniasis?

Umcabango

Leishmaniasis - amagciwane ukuthi kuziveza hhayi kuphela abantu kodwa futhi izilwane. I-ejenti causative kuyinto nje uhlobo Leishmania, futhi idluliselwa ngokusebenzisa ukulunywa omiyane Lutzomyia.

Leishmania lenyama zenzeka ikakhulukazi emazweni ashisayo: I-Asia, e-Afrika, eNingizimu Melika.

Ngokuvamile, imithombo lesi sifo kungase asebengenwe igciwane abantu, izilwane, canines (izimpungushe, izimpisi noma izimpungushe), ikhaya-esekhulile, namagundane.

isifo ezithathelwanayo ne ziningi futhi zaba nzima inqubo yokwelapha, kuyingozi hhayi kuphela abantu kodwa futhi isilwane - ke leishmaniasis. Ukuguquguquka kwempilo amabhaktheriya ezibangela lesi sifo made kakhulu. Okokuqala omiyane itheleleke. Ngemva kwalokho, lesi sifo singena isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene, engesiyo okwamanje sesivuthiwe ifomu ovuthiwe leishmaniasis futhi babe mobile flagellar fomu. Yebo, ukuqongelela e umiyane emphinjeni ngesikhathi kokulunywa entsha, bangena enxebeni kuthinte amaseli EPITHELIAL noma izinhlaka womuntu noma isilwane.

Leishmaniasis: zinhlobo

Kunezinhlobo eziningana yalesi sifo, futhi ngamunye ngendlela yalo kuyingozi mayelana nomzimba womuntu:

• Skin.
• Okusaluketshezi.
• leishmaniasis Visceral.
• Mucocutaneous.
• Viscerotropic.

Izimpawu eyinhloko leishmaniasis

Izimpawu oyinhloko sifo ezibhekwa izilonda emzimbeni womuntu. Bangase babonakale emasontweni ambalwa noma ngisho izinyanga ngemva kokuba eluma zithwala isinambuzane ukutheleleka. Olunye uphawu kungaba imfiva, okungase ukuqala kwezinsuku ezimbalwa emva bite. Isikhathi izophela ngokwanele, kwezinye izimo, futhi cishe unyaka owodwa. Futhi, lesi sifo sihlasela isibindi ubende, umphumela ungase ube nesifo sokuntuleka kwegazi.

Kwezokwelapha, kuqubuka leishmaniasis kuyinto kweNdikimba ubende: ngobukhulu, kungaba waba ngaphezu kwesibindi. Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezine-leishmaniasis:

1. Visceral. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu amafomu eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke lesi sifo. Uma ungaqali ukwelashwa, lesi sifo kungaholela ekufeni.
2. leishmaniasis Cutaneous. It is njengelinye lamazwe amafomu ezivamile. Ngokushesha ngemva yisilwane ubuhlungu avele endaweni yayo. Yelaphani lo uhlobo lesi sifo kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, futhi ngisho nangalesosikhathi kube sikhumbuzo ngaye, ubuka yesibazi ngenxa yalesi sifo.
3. Ekubhebhetselisa leishmaniasis cutaneous - lolu hlobo sifo kwandile, ukubukeka kwayo sifana kakhulu uchoko, kunzima kabi ukukwelapha.
4. ifomu lwamafinyila. Kuzoqalwa nge izilonda zesikhumba, okuyinto kamuva kuholele umonakalo izicubu, ikakhulukazi mayelana umlomo nekhala.

Concept nezimpawu leishmaniasis visceral

Leishmaniasis Visceral - kuwuhlobo i isifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa Leishmania. Kukhona ukucobeka e wokusakazeka lolu hlobo amagciwane umzila hematogenous kusukela okuzobhekwa zisuka nje ukutheleleka kunoma yiziphi kwezitho zomzimba: isibindi, ubende, izindlala zamanzi, ngisho ukuba umnkantsha. Amagciwane emzimbeni ande ngokushesha umonakalo omkhulu.

Ngokuvamile lesi sifo yizingane. Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni is eside ngempela, ngezinye izikhathi ithatha izinyanga ezinhlanu. Izifo iqala a lonwabu, kodwa isigaba eziphilayo, okuyinto eza ezindaweni sendawo, lesi sifo ingaqala ngokushesha.

Visceral izimpawu leishmaniasis kuvamile impela. Cishe kuzo zonke izimo ziyafana: umkhuhlane, ubuthaka umzimba wonke, ukucobeka, ephelele yokuntuleka iphango. Fever iqala ngokushesha okukhulu. Sidlule igagasi, izinga lokushisa emzimbeni ongafinyelela 40 degrees. Bese kuba isimo kancane impumuzo okuyinto ephinda usuthathelwa lokushisa eliphezulu, okuyinto ngaphandle kanzima kakhulu ungqongqoze.

Ungaphinde ubone izimpawu izifo zesikhumba ezifana leishmaniasis visceral. izimpawu nalokhu okulandelayo: ayilutho isikhumba ephethe tinge lemicu empunga elinamathela othini futhi ngokuvamile ukopha. Nakani izindleko ohlelweni lymph --lymph kukhona lakhulisiwe.

izimpawu eziyinhloko leishmaniasis visceral

Isici esiyinhloko lesi sifo isici sokuqala, okungase kube olulodwa, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kokuqala ingabonakali. Kubukeka sengathi induna ezincane ezibomvana isipikili izinhlayiya zeqhwa. Kwenzeka endaweni lapho enza khona yisilwane umkhumbi othwala isinambuzane noma isilwane kusuka Canine, umzimba elinendawo ejenti causative of leishmaniasis visceral.

uphawu njalo, okuyinto kwasekuqaleni kufanele sinake, kuyinto kweNdikimba ubende kanye esibindini. Lokho ubende kwandisa ngokushesha, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa emva ukutheleleka kungathatha yonke ohlangothini lwesobunxele peritoneum. Ngesikhathi touch of emizimbeni babe obukhulu, kodwa ubuhlungu lapho. Isibindi luyanda hhayi ngokuphazima kweso, kodwa kungabonakala nasemkhakheni thuthuva sína kakhulu imisebenzi afika ku ascites.

Uma ehlaselwa isifo umnkantsha, izimpawu kuboniswa thrombocytopenia futhi agranulocytosis, okungase ephelezelwa umphimbo obuhlungu. Into yokuqala ukuthi kungabonwa emzimbeni womuntu - kuyinto ukuvela okusheshayo ezinemibala sombala amabala.

leishmaniasis Cutaneous

I-leishmaniasis isifo ovamile kakhulu futhi has izinhlobo eziningana, enye yazo iyona leishmaniasis cutaneous. Kabusha lwegciwane kwenzeka kwezicubu zomzimba womuntu, lapho Leishmania uvuthwe ngokushesha kakhulu futhi babe izibungu bezzhgutikovyh. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi primary site of isifo, lapho kumiswa granuloma. Siqukethe amaseli EPITHELIAL plasma amaseli, ama-macrophage nama-lymphocyte. imikhiqizo ukuwohloka zingabangela nezinguquko eziphawulekayo ukuvuvukala elingase afinyelele lymphangitis noma lymphadenitis.

Symptomatology ka cutaneous

Isikhathi kwesikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni we-leishmaniasis cutaneous izinyanga mayelana nengxenye. Khetha kungaba izigaba eziningana eziyinhloko zesifo:

1. Ukubukeka kwamakhasi tubercle esikhumbeni futhi izithelo zawo okusheshayo. Ubukhulu bayo ngaphakathi 2 cm.
2. Isilonda ibonakala ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, basibekele uqweqwe elincanyana okuyinto kamuva iqedwe, futhi phezu kobuso livela okhanyayo phansi pink nangezinyembezi, isilonda kamuva kwamiswa. Isilonda imiphetho iphakame kancane athukulule.
3. Inyama yangaphakathi. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva phansi isilonda kususwa ngokuphelele futhi embozwe granulations, esikhathini esizayo zonke lezi zibazi.

Izibonakaliso eyinhloko cutaneous

Kukhona nje kuphela uhlobo yasemakhaya kodwa futhi ezisemadolobheni, kabasi ezahlukene kakhulu komunye nomunye, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba sikhumbule ukuthi kukhona izici ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo avumela ukuze uwahlukanise.

Nanti iphuzu elisemqoka futhi kubaluleke kakhulu - Lona ngumlando lesifanele kanye ngokuphelele. ukuvezwa kwesikhathi eside endaweni ezisemadolobheni noma yasemakhaya kubonisa esivuna uhlobo lesi sifo. uhlobo Rustic njalo livela ngezindlela eyinhloko, kodwa edolobheni kungathatha zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

ifomu Mucocutaneous lesi sifo

Ngaphezu amafomu ngenhla lesi sifo, kunesinye lalivamile futhi kuyingozi kakhulu - kungcono okusaluketshezi isikhumba leishmaniasis (espundia). Sibangelwa omiyane.

Kusukela ukulunywa yizinambuzane kanye kuze izimpawu zokuqala zesifo kungathatha izinyanga 3. Ngesikhathi indawo lapho indoda abalunywe umiyane, kwakheka isilonda esijulile. Luhilela le mucosa, izindlala futhi igazi emithanjeni yakhe. Konke lokhu kuholela yezinkinga iyinkimbinkimbi futhi sina, onalesi sifo akusilo ekhuthaza.

leishmaniasis womuntu kunoma yiziphi amafomu akhona iyingozi kakhulu, njengoba kuthinta izibilini, okuyinto kabi wakhonza ukwelashwa, ezifana ubende kanye esibindini. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu, odokotela batusa ekuqaleni ungazizwa kahle, ukuya esibhedlela kusaqalwa zesifo ingelapheka ngokushesha kungaphazamiseki.

Ezinye izinhlobo isifo leishmaniasis

Sesikubonile kakade kuchazwe ezinye izinhlobo eziyisisekelo lesi sifo njengoba leishmaniasis kodwa kukhona izinhlobo ezimbalwa kungase kungabi ezifana njalo, kodwa futhi kuyingozi ngoba abantu:

1. leyshmanioma Ngokulandelana - khona isikhunta eyinhloko ne ukwengeza izici yesibili ngesimo Izigaxana ezincane.
2. leishmaniasis Tuberculoid. iziguli Photo abonisa ukuthi izimpawu zokugula avele esikhundleni amafomu eyinhloko noma endaweni sesibazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo isici esiyinhloko esibangela khona lamachubu encane ukuphaphatheka ophuzi, kungabi kukhulu ukudlula inhloko pin.
3. leishmaniasis ehlasela umzimba wonke. Le ndlela lesi sifo ngokuvamile iningi kwenzeka abantu ezifweni ongaphakeme futhi esibonakala ngokuqina izilonda olubanzi esidalwa yizilonda emathunjini sibe kwesikhumba futhi inqubo ezingamahlalakhona.

Kuyini leishmaniasis siyaqonda nokuthi ukuxilonga ke, umchazele.

Izinhlobonhlobo sitholakele leishmaniasis

ukuxilongwa emitholampilo leishmaniasis nesineke ibekwe ngesisekelo idatha epidemiological futhi isithombe emtholampilo. Ngokunembile ukuqinisekisa ukuba khona isifo kuzosiza uphethwe laboratory. Leishmaniasis embule izindlela ezilandelayo:

• Kungase kudingeke ukucwaninga amagama amagciwane: thatha nokususa kusukela izilonda futhi lamachubu.
• luhlolo ezincane: isiguli esithathwayo smear noma iconsi obukhulu. Le ndlela angathola khona Leishmania yayithonywe Romanovsky-Gimza.

• Okwenziwe a biopsy kwesibindi kanye ubende, futhi ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu ukwenza umnkantsha punctate.
• izindlela Serological ezifana RGC, IFA, nabanye.

Izindlela ngokunembile sokunquma kukhona omningi, futhi ngayinye kuwo sizobonisa idatha olunembile kakhulu futhi kubonisa khona abantu izifo ezifana leishmaniasis. Sifo esikhathini esifushane ziyonquma ngobucayi isifo.

ukwelashwa

Kuyini leishmaniasis nendlela ukuxilonga ke, thina kakade kuchazwe. Asikhulume okuncane mayelana kanjani iqhutshwa ukwelashwa.

Lapho ifomu visceral ka pentavalent antimony izidakamizwa esetshenziswa:

1. "Pentostam". Iqondiswa ngemithambo yegazi isiguli, oyi-buhlanjululwe e-glucose 5% isixazululo. Umuthi lungasetshenziswa intramuscularly. Inkambo yokwelapha ithatha inyanga.
2. "Glyukantim". Umuthi isetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo ngokuthi "Pentostam". Uma lesi sifo ukuma eziyinkimbinkimbi, umthamo kungenziwa lenyuke futhi ukudlulisa ukwelashwa enye inyanga, kodwa kungenziwa kuphela kwemvume udokotela ukuba khona.
3. "Solyusurmin". Umuthi kungenzeka iqondiswa ngemithambo yegazi noma intramuscularly, ukwelashwa kufanele siqale ngamazwi 0.02 g ngalinye esisindo kg. Kancane kancane, phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-20 umthamo luyanda 1.6 g / kg.

Okunye futhi, uma ifomu kakhulu lesi sifo unika kakhulu emithini yokuselapha "Amphotericin B". Umthamo kokuqala 0.1 mg / kg. Kancane kancane kwandisa kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-2 g ngosuku. Ngenisa izidakamizwa ngemithambo yegazi, yayo ngaphambili ziyoncibilika isixazululo glucose.

Ngo nasezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, lapho bonke izidakamizwa esetshenziswa akangayiletha imiphumela oyifunayo, linqume ukuhlinzwa - splenectomy. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa esinjalo, isiguli ngokushesha okukhulu kuza emuva evamile, kodwa kuphela has ingozi yezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo.

Lapho kungenzeka isikhumba isifo ukuma wasebenzisa wonke amalungiselelo, siye echazwe ngenhla, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho likhethe Ukushisa ultraviolet ngemisebe.

Imiphumela leishmaniasis

Izibikezelo kanye nokwelashwa umphumela ngemva izifo ezithathelwanayo ezifana leishmaniasis edidayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ifomu visceral ka isukela eziyingozi, futhi ngenxa yokuphila isiguli kuyingozi kakhulu, uma ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi sesifo angaliboni futhi akulimazi kakhulu emzimbeni.

Ngenxa yalokho, ifomu isikhumba, ikakhulukazi okufana ehlasela umzimba wonke, isikhumba angahlala izibazi. Ikakhulukazi, ngokwanele ezimweni ezinzima kungase kube ngisho izinguquko skeleton.

yezinkinga kungenzeka

yezinkinga olungenzeka le-leishmaniasis isifo (izithombe iziguli ezinalesi sifo zingatholakala ku-athikili yethu). I kamuva lesi sifo sitholakale ukwelashwa waqala inqubo, nengozi isuke inkulu yezinkinga ezinzima. Lapho leishmaniasis bangayisa ifomu elilandelayo:

• Isibindi ukwehluleka, isifo sokusha futhi ascites sisindwa.
• igazi kakhulu futhi eqonda coagulation intravascular.
• amyloidosis kwezinso.
• Izilonda ku ulwelwesi ipheshana wokugaya ukudla.

Lapho kuvela izinkinga isifo cutaneous ezihambisana ikakhulukazi ne ukwengeza igciwane yesibili. It livezwa phlegmon zendawo abscesses, kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlelo ezibanzi ukwelashwa ngendlela efanele obujwayelekile angakhula abe ifomu okunzima ukonakala.

Kuyini leishmaniasis? Lena isifo esithathelwanayo, okuyinto has izinhlobo ezihlukene, ngayinye yaba kwanele yingozi kubantu. Kodwa zikhona izindlela ezimbalwa lokuvikela, ozokusiza ugweme isifo noma ivikele injalo ezinzima.

ekuvimbeleni izifo

Isimiso jikelele ekuvimbeleni leishmaniasis kuyinto izinyathelo zokuzivikela. kumelwe Sizama bazivikele ukulunywa omiyane, okuyizinto abathwala lesi sifo. Kuyadingeka ukuba afeze magciwane njalo silwe namagundane, azame ukususa izingqondo isilwane canines ezithathiwe ukukhulisa ehlathini.

A zokuvimbela umuthi uyophumelela kuphela ukusiza ekuvikeleni ezifweni cutaneous. Ngakho, umuntu othumele ezindaweni sendawo, lokugoma.

Leishmaniasis - ngempela isifo esiyingozi esibulala abantu ezingaba yingxenye yesigidi yiso minyaka yonke, kanjalo thokozisa him emi isibopho esiphelele lapho kuqubuka ukusebenzisa kudokotela. Kuphela kusaqalwa isifo elaphe ngaphandle imiphumela eyengeziwe.

Kodwa ngakho ezweni wethu wamisa, ukuthi bonke "izifo dengwane" kungukuthi uxhaso, ngakho akukho muntu oyobe engenawo ukuba bagome sabantu, kuyilapho umuntu ngokwakhe akusho ukuthenga umgomo akazange umbuze ukungena. Futhi ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi lesi sifo kahle eyaziwa, futhi ekuphathweni ngendlela ukwelashwa awulona ezezimali ngokwanele. Ngakho-ke kungcono bebodwa ukuba zenze konke ezingakwenza ukuze ingangenwa amagciwane.