Kanjani izikelemu abantu (bheka isithombe). izinhlobo zezikelemu ezingena impahla

Izikelemu ukuthi parasitizing, ukuthuthukisa kanye ukuphila emzimbeni zezitshalo, izilwane nabantu, ngokuvamile imithi abizwa ngokuthi "helminths", njengoba edume kumane worm. Izifo ezibangwa kubo, zivamile enkolweni noma iyiphi ingxenye iplanethi.

izinhlobo ziphila ngezinto esimila kuzo

Ngokwezibalo, angaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane abantu ukuba bahlasele izimpethu anomthelela overload namasosha omzimba futhi wenze izimbobo izitsha. Ukuqeda lezi eziwuhlupho, ungasebenzisa noma ukwelashwa izidakamizwa kazwelonke. Umonakalo omkhulu kunabo umzimba womuntu kungabangela ezintathu izinhlobo zezikelemu ezingena impahla: flukes, round futhi izikelemu. Ngaphambi kokukhetha indlela yalokho kulahla, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ibukeke izikelemu abantu.

roundworms

Ngo umkhuba emtholampilo, lezi izimuncagazi ngokuthi nematodes. Lolu uhlobo evame kakhulu izibungu, okuyinto has izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka amabili nane mahhala-like, kanye nezinambuzane.

Igama uhlobo unikezwe round ukuma, okuyinto kungabonakala cross-section. It izimpethu nge mncane side futhi ngensimbi both qeda of emzimbeni. Laba bameleli be-ezivamile zalolu hlobo, okuyizinto yisinanakazana emzimbeni womuntu kukhona trichina, Ascaris womuntu, whipworm, pinworm izingane. Lapha kubalulekile ukuthola indlela ibukeke izikelemu abantu.

umzimba izikelemu ongafinyelela ngamasentimitha amane, kanye ingasaphathwa abesilisa nabesifazane. Isidumbu sakhe sishubile, efana yezinhlamvu. Itholakala emathunjini amancane. Lesi silwanyana ubuthi ubuthi okuyinto kuphakama ngenxa umzimba.

Emathunjini amancane futhi ezinkulu zingabonakala parasitize pinworm. Lokhu eyisibungu ezincane, okuyinto obuphelele umzimba ingeqi eyodwa isentimitha. Izinsikazi zivame amaqanda eduze ingquza, okubangela ukulunywa. Lokhu uhlobo impethu ngokuvamile ngempela kubonakala izingane.

Kodwa izinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu roundworms ukuze abantu ababona whipworm futhi trichina.

flukes

Zokwelapha, bebizwa trematodes. Lolu hlobo izikelemu abantu (isithombe - esihlokweni) isicaba, eyisicaba ifomu ishidi noma ulimi. I osayizi lezi zibungu ongafinyelela amamitha nenxenye. Esikhathini womuntu idatha umzimba izimuncagazi ngokuvamile bakhala ngaphansi lapho esetshenziswa izinhlanzi underdone noma iluhlaza noma isikhuphashe. Babevame parasitize ezahlukene, ngisho emizimbeni ezingalindelekile (sac conjunctival noma tube Eustachian) noma bazihlanganise ezindongeni Amapayipi yokuxhuma.

Akwenza lokhu esebenzisa amaswidi (noma amaqoqo amabili, kuncike zinhlobo). Lezi izimpethu athuthukiswe kahle wokugaya ukudla, zokuzala, isimiso sezinzwa futhi cishe akukho zokuphefumula futhi kwegazi. Zidla on igazi aphethe, okuqukethwe emathunjini, noma epithelium isikhwehlela. Nazi izikelemu abantu.

Igama wanikezwa ngokuvumelana helminths alikhombisi, kusukela umzimba abazi ncela. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, umonakalo odalwe kubo nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu. aphethe Lesisemkhatsini izimpethu abanjalo bangabaphostoli shellfish ke inhlanzi, kanye wokugcina - ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla, kuhlanganise nomuntu.

Ezikelemu e abantu

Kanye flukes esingaphezulu, flatworms, selihlukene laba izikelemu kanye izikelemu. Ngokungafani round, laba impi Lesisemkhatsini (isilwane nenhlanzi). Kuyinto izibungu ukuthuthukisa emzimbeni wakhe. Ovuthwe izenzo zobulili, ngokuvamile atholakala emathunjini a yezilwane ezinomgogodla.

NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda helminths sehlukaniswe izingxenye. Inhloko kuyinto okunamathiselwe umzimba, bese kukhona indawo ukukhula, ngakho amagciwane feeds phezu umzimba, futhi ukudla Ufika kugaywe aphethe ukudla engingamunika kona. Kusukela ukugaya emzimbeni wobuntu worm (kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi ezidala) kubenza izidakamizwa elakhiwe antikinaza zokuyithena juice pancreatic. Kodwa ngokoMthetho zokuxilonga ekukhombeni izimuncagazi umehluko ezibaluleke kakhulu phakathi iketango tapeworm.

Kule yakamuva libhekene ikhanda (scolex) kokuba anemifantu ezimbili prisasyvatelnye noma imigodi ku ukuphela phambi helminth. Amaqanda adedelwa imvelo ngenxa yokuthi kwesibeletho has imbobo lalo. Lapho indle ucwaningo kungatholakala.

Ngenxa ukubukeka nabizelwa tapeworm. Ribbonlike, zihlukaniswe izingxenye zomzimba isici isici. Ubude le worm lingafika nesishiyagalombili amamitha.

Nge ukuncela izindebe ezine esisogwini ikhanda, kuxhunywe odongeni emathunjini. A entanyeni itholakala ngemva kwaso, ngokukhula lapho kwakhiwa izingxenye. Thola amaqanda yalezi izimuncagazi kunzima kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi kwesibeletho akanawo ukuvulwa excretory. Nazi izikelemu abantu.

Ukunqunywa ukunqotshwa izimuncagazi

Ngenxa yalezi izimpethu libhekene izigaba ezintathu ukuthuthukiswa. Ekuqaleni, kukhona neqanda elivela okubonakala kamuva migrans amathumbu isibungu wabe eseya endaweni yokuhlala unomphela (izitho ezihlukahlukene). Ngemva kwalokho ama-worms zikhule zibe abantu abadala. Kodwa amanye amalungu ala nezibungu endaweni efanayo futhi uguqulwe, ie emathunjini.

Ukuze uqonde lapho emzimbeni babe izimuncagazi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iyini le izikelemu abantu. Bahlukene mbeni, ezidluliselwa kumuntu nomuntu, geohelminthiasis - labo faka umzimba kusuka phansi kwi izitshalo kahle wageza biogelmintozy - falling ngokusebenzisa inyama yezilwane ethintekayo noma inhlanzi.

Izimpawu khona ezidala emzimbeni womuntu

Ngokuvamile izilonda izimpawu kuxhomeke komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane ngezibungu ngokwabo. Lesisifo isinyathelo oyingozi futhi atholwe. Eyokuqala kungathatha amasonto amathathu futhi esibonakala ngokuqina ukuqubuka iguliswa, isifuba esomile lapho likhinyabeze, kanye namazinga aphakeme eosinophils nasemkhakheni igazi.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ungase ube nobude kuze iminyaka eminingana. Lapha e-ekukhombeni izimpawu ezidala kuthinte esikhundleni kwasendaweni, ikakhulukazi amandla nokubusa kwawo. Kokuba zigxilé izihlalo indwangu ukusakaza izikelemu abantu (isithombe - esihlokweni) abachithe, okubangela ukusabela ukuvuvukala. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo elikhula kungabangela umonakalo ongalungiseki impilo noma kubangele ukungasebenzi izitho ezibalulekile.

Fault ukuthola khona ezidala ekhiqizwa amaqanda kanti izibungu nge indle ukuhlaziywa, isikhwehlela, njll