Kuyini isimo nenhlalakahle

Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi elithi Latin "social" lisho ukuthi "umphakathi", "jikelele". Ngamanye amazwi, lokhu definition lihlobene ukuzwana nabantu zabantu. Mayelana le social isimo - kuyinto (ngobubanzi) uMbuso mumbe okuyinto umphumela yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle. Nokho, ngomqondo othile ewumngcingo, lesi sakhiwo amandla has imisebenzi ethize has izakhiwo ezithile.

isimo Welfare ukhona futhi usebenza Okusondele kakhulu izenzakalo ezinjalo empilweni yomphakathi, njengoba zemiphakathi, intando yeningi, ukulingana, inkululeko, kwesokudla.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umqondo ukwakha isakhiwo esinjalo kwavela 19 ngasekupheleni - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ukuvela lo mbono kwaba umphumela izinqubo mgomo ukuphila emphakathini nasemnothweni umphakathi. Kulokhu, izimiso eziyisisekelo - ukulingana nekululeko - kulezo zimo wangena ukungqubuzana nomunye.

Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kwakheka izindlela ezimbili ukuba ubuhlobo inkululeko nokulingana emphakathini.

Izibalo ezinjalo njengoba Mill, Smith, Locke, njalo, futhi abanye bavikela imfundiso yokuziphendukela ngabanye inkululeko yomuntu. Kulokhu, isimo nenhlalakahle yayiwukuvikela le nkululeko kusuka noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka, kuhlanganise uhulumeni uqobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi abaholi ukuqonda ukuthi ukuphela kuyofika ukungalingani, Nokho, kubhekwa inkululeko njengoba okubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngokusho kwenye indlela, owamisa Rousseau, bonke kumelwe zilalele isimiso kokulingana ekulondolozeni amagugu inkululeko yomuntu siqu.

Isimiso enkululeko ezaba nomthelela Ukukhululwa kuqala futhi isinyathelo zabantu, ukuthuthukisa amabhizinisi angasese, ubudlelwane emakethe. Ngakho, nakuba ngokungangabazeki ekuqiniseni yokusimamisa umnotho emazweni wobunxiwankulu, inkululeko yabo kwadingeka njalo kwezomnotho.

Nokho, impahla waqala division of umphakathi, nokwehlukana yayo inqubo ingcebo ekuqongeleleni nokuthuthukiswa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, lapho besongelwa ukuqhuma nomphakathi. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, kwathiwa kudingeka ushintsho kusuka inkululeko ukusungula ukulingana. Ngakho, ukwakha isimo kwezenhlalo waqala ukuba angenele elibonakalayo ukuphila kwezenhlalo nezomnotho sabantu.

Ngemva kwalokho, umqondo ukudala isakhiwo esisha amandla ukuthola ukuqashelwa ngaphezulu. isimo Welfare wafakwa umkhuba, futhi izinga layo kanye imisebenzi Kuye kuveziwe embikweni okhuthaza imithethosisekelo lamazwe yesimanje.

Inhlangano yokuqala kwamandla kwamiswa eJalimane. Ngo elithile noma ngenye indlela izimiso isimo kwezenhlalo ziyabonakala ku imithethosisekelo ePortugal, Italy, eFrance, eSpain, Turkey nakwamanye amazwe.

Lokubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni okusebenzayo kanye ezincwadini umbono kwetinhlavu le nhlangano kwamandla bekulokhu imfundiso ka Keynes. Ngaphansi kwethonya imibono Economist British owasungula umqondo wombuso, ukuqinisekisa ukuchuma jikelele.

Abacwaningi uqaphele ukuthi kulethe undoubted semibono ilihumusha ku ekuphileni komphakathi eNtshonalanga, kwaba kumiswa isimiso samaSoviet. Yena njalo limenyezelwe imithethosisekelo zabo kanye nezinye izenzo zomthetho we orientation nomphakathi ukuthi inqubomgomo yayo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Declaration Political waqhuba futhi wathuthukisa theory zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni ngokuntula yangempela temphakatsi, wentando yeningi, amalungelo, inkululeko, ukulingana, ngokuvumelana abacwaningi, akukho bephika kwentuthuko real emkhakheni inqubomgomo esesidlangalaleni lamazwe sezenhlalo.

Ngokusho abalobi abaningi, ukwakheka isimo kwezenhlalo kungenzeka kuphela endaweni yentando yeningi, kanye uhlelo yenhlangano kwamandla kumele kube semthethweni (ngomqondo wesimanje kulezi izinga). Namuhla, njengoba ochwepheshe uqaphele, inqubo kumiswa lesi sakhiwo akuyona kuphela kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho kodwa futhi zokuziphatha.