Kuyini amanzi isando? Izimbangela amanzi isando amaphayiphi

Amanzi isando amapayipi kunengcindezi yokwanda ezenzeka ngokushesha. Drop elihlobene ne ushintsho elibukhali izinga kwamanzi. Ngokulandelayo, sifunda okwengeziwe mayelana nendlela kukhona isando yamanzi amapayipi.

Ubuze besimo eyisisekelo

Ngephutha wacabanga endaweni emananzi amanzi isando yi nadporshnevogo ugcwalisa isikhala ekucushweni injini ohambelana (reciprocating). Ngakho-ke, i-piston awufiki abafileyo isikhungo isikhundla futhi iqala kokucindezelwa yamanzi. Lokhu, kuholela umonakalo injini. Ikakhulukazi, ukuze ukwa induku noma induku yokuxhuma, zokugwema ukuphuka of izikhonkwane ekhanda isilinda, izimvu zamanzi izinyembezi.

ngezigaba

Ngokuhambisana nesiqondiso ingcindezi yokwanda amanzi isando kungaba:

• Positive. Kulokhu, ukwanda ingcindezi kungenxa usuke ngokushesha evula umpompi noma amapayipi kuyenzeka ihlangane.
• Negative. Kulokhu sikhuluma okuya ingcindezi ngenxa kuvulwa ichopho noma futha ukuvala shaqa.

Ngokuhambisana isikhathi wave esiphelweni kanye inkathi valve ukugqagqana (noma ezinye valve), phakathi kwesikhathi lapho kwakhiwa amanzi isando amapayipi, it is leyabantu:

• Direct (ngokugcwele).
• Ongaqondile (akuphelele).

Esimweni sokuqala okuholela wave phambi uhamba kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye kokuqala kwamanzi. ukunyakaza Eminye kuzoncika izakhi iphayiphi, okuyinto zitholakala phambi kwesango avaliwe. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngaphambili wave kuzodlula ngokuphindaphindiwe phambili futhi izinkomba emuva. Nge ukugeleza olungaphelele umthelela wokubacindezela hhayi kuphela usungaqala ukuhambisa ngendlela ehlukileko, kodwa futhi ngokwengxenye sidlule ngokusebenzisa valve uma ayivaliwe kuze kube sekupheleni.

imiphumela

I esiyingozi kakhulu kuyinto omuhle ingcindezi yokwanda Ukushisa uhlelo noma namanzi. Uma gxuma umfutho ophakeme kakhulu kungalimaza ipayipi. Ikakhulu, i-amashubhu kokuba imifantu longitudinal, okuholela kamuva ukuhlukanisa, ukwephulwa containment ku valving. Ngenxa yalezi ukwehluleka uqale behluleka imishini amapayipi: edlulisela ukushisa, kanjalo amaphampu. Kule ndaba, isando, kudingeka amanzi ukuze avimbele noma anciphise amandla ayo. Ingcindezi amanzi lenziwe laba likhulu phakathi unyathela amabhuleki lapho ndima ukugeleza yonkana energy kinetic ku umsebenzi esisuka umugqa izindonga kanye kokucindezelwa kwekholomu ketshezi.

ucwaningo

Ngekucabanga futhi Ucwaningo wafunda lo mkhuba e-1899 UNikolai Zhukovsky. Abacwaningi baye bathola izimbangela amanzi isando. Lo mkhuba uyabonakala ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi inqubo ukuvala emgqeni lapho kukhona ukugeleza ewuketshezi, noma ngesikhathi okusheshayo lokuvala (ukubusa ekupheleni efile isiteshi nge umthombo wamandla wokubacindezela) yayo, yakheke ushintsho elibukhali ingcindezi namanzi velocity. Akukhona ngesikhathi esifanayo emhlabeni iphayiphi. Uma kuleli cala ukhiqize ubukhulu ethile, kungenzeka ukuthola ukuthi izinga ushintsho kwenzeka isiqondiso nokubaluleka, futhi ingcindezi - kokubili bathele ukwandisa isihlobo kwasekuqaleni. Konke lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kukhona umugqa inqubo oscillating. It libhekene ukwanda gqwa ukwehla ingcindezi. Yonke le nqubo ihlukile futhi transience kubangelwa ngu ukusonteka nokunwebeka we uketshezi uqobo futhi izindonga ipayipi. Zhukovski kwafakazela ukuthi izinga lapho esiphelweni wave ngqo wakhona compressibility yamanzi. Lokunye lokubaluleke kakhulu inani ukusonteka odongeni ipayipi. It is kunqunywa wemfihlo okunwebeka material. I velocity wave incike ubukhulu ipayipi. The Jump elibukhali Ingcindezi ingakhula ibe kungenzeki emgqeni, egcwele igesi, kusukela kulula sasivumela ekuhlehleni.

Inkambo inqubo

Uhlelo ibhethri ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi, ezifana indlu yezwe, futha downhole ingasetshenziswa ukhiqize ingcindezi umugqa. Amanzi isando kwenzeka lapho ukumisa ngokuzumayo baphuza uketshezi - lapho ukugqagqana valve. Amanzi ukugeleza, kwenza ukuhamba emgwaqeni omkhulu, abakwazi ukuyeka kweso. uketshezi ikholomu inertia eshayisa emanzini "ukuphela efile", okuyinto wabunjwa lapho valve ivaliwe. Amanzi isando edluliselwe kulokhu kungasizi. It kuphela aphendvule gxuma, wayinquma futha ngemva valve ivaliwe, futhi ingcindezi ukuze idlule seqiwe. Sokuvalwa njengoba stop amanzi ukugeleza is hhayi lwenziwa ngokushesha.

izibonelo

Kungenzeka ukuba sicabangele komsele nge ingcindezi njalo kanye nokunyakaza ketshezi ngohlamvu unomphela, lapho valve avaliwe kwaba isigubhukane noma kwenzeke ngokuphazima kweso ivinjiwe valve. Uhlelo kahle amanzi, ngokuvamile ukushaqeka wokubacindezela kwenzeka esimweni lapho esangweni ilungu reverse itholakala ephakeme ukwedlula static izinga lamanzi (9 amamitha noma ngaphezulu), noma avuzayo, ngenkathi lokhu okulandelayo kunesithembiso valve kokuba ingcindezi ephakeme. Futhi eqinisweni, kuzo zombili izimo kukhona cleaner esinqunyiwe. Ngo futha olandelayo uqale eligeleza amanzi okusezingeni eliphezulu Isivinini igcwalise cleaner. Lolu ketshezi ishayisa avaliwe umphini nonreturn tetinkhombamagama phezu kwalo, ingqondo ingcindezi gxuma. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka yokwanda. Isisiza hhayi kuphela kumiswa imifantu futhi ukubhujiswa amalunga omzimba. Esimeni gxuma ingcindezi noma ilimele futha motor (futhi ngezinye izikhathi zombili lezi zici ngokushesha). into enjalo kungenzeka volumetric wokubacindezela drive uhlelo lapho valve spool isetshenziswa. Lapho spool ukugqagqana eyodwa ketshezi osenyameni isiteshi kokuba izinqubo ezichazwe ngenhla.

Ukuvikelwa yokwanda

ibutho ukushaqeka kuzoncika izinga ukugeleza ngaphambi nangemva ukugqagqana umugqa. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela babubukhulu ngokwengeziwe, aba maningi nomthelela lapho stop okungazelelwe. Izinga lokuhamba kuzoncika umugqa ubukhulu. I emikhulu kwesigaba esiphambanweni, ukunyakaza kancane ketshezi. Kule singaphetha ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi amakhulu kunciphisa kungenzeka yamanzi isando noma buthakathaka ke. Enye indlela iwukuba ukwandisa obuphelele ukugqagqana yamanzi ipayipi noma futha. Ukuqalisa okuqhubekayo ezedlulayo tube esetshenziswa umphini uhlobo ukukhiya izakhi. Ikakhulukazi amaphampu esetshenziswa amasethi isiqalo esithambile. Bavumela hhayi kuphela ukugwema amanzi isando inqubo ukufakwa, kodwa futhi kakhulu kwandisa ukuphila inkonzo futha.

compensators

A samuntu wesithathu Ukuvikelwa kuhilela ukusetshenziswa idivayisi sesikhashana. Kuyinto esibuthakathaka ulwelwesi ukunwetshwa, elikwaziyo 'sicime "okuholela umfutho okhuphuka ngokungazelelwe. Umfutholuketshezi umthelela compensators bahlinza izimiso ezithile. Siqukethe kulelo phakathi ukwanda ingcindezi kwenzeka uketshezi ezihambayo piston futhi kokucindezelwa yelunga nokunwebeka (iziphethu noma emoyeni). Ngenxa yalokho yenqubo ukushaqeka uguqulwe i oscillation. Ngenxa ukushabalalisa eneji zokugcina onakala angabacwasi ngokushesha ngaphandle nokwanda okuphawulekayo ingcindezi. I compensator isetshenziswa emgqeni ukugcwaliswa. It is icala umoya onomfutho ngesikhathi ukucindezela 0.8-1.0 MPA. Ukubalwa senziwa cishe, ngokuvumelana nemibandela ukushayela we Ukunciphisa amandla kwekholomu amanzi esuka ethangini yamathebhu noma accumulator kuya compensator.