"Lorry" Gaz-AA. Umlando, Ukucaciswa, izici

Gaz-AA, "iloli", umshini edume oyi-impi futhi sempi, eyayenziwa ngesikhathi Gorky Automobile Plant ngo-1932. Imodeli prototype kusekelwe iloli American, "Ford AA" ngo-1930, lapho yathengwa ezazivela eSoviet Union ngo- isivumelwano selayisense. Ngakho "iloli" Gaz-AA, okuyinto Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi liye olwesimanje izikhathi eziningi. Car design yayilula futhi enokwethenjelwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, iSoviet imoto umkhakha isanda kusungulwa futhi ilayisensi akubizi ekukhiqizeni iloli kuye kwabasiza kakhulu.

The kungenzeka Gorky isitshalo ngokuya imishini yezobuchwepheshe lalilikhulu, ngakho ukukhiqizwa wanquma ukusebenzisa uphethiloli. Akumangalisi ukuthi izimoto oluqanjwe ilayisensi American, ngokushesha wathutha ukuqinisekisa izingxenye yasekhaya. Kwakulula ukuthuthukisa iyunithi phansi kuka oda kwamanye amazwe bese ulinda izinyanga izinto ezithile. Ngakho, inqubo ibandla: "iloli" sekuyinkinga sibonga yempucuko imizamo onjiniyela Soviet.

sesimanje

"Lorry" Gaz-AA wangena ukukhiqizwa ngo-January 1932, futhi izitolo inhlangano Gorki imoto wabonisa ngokushesha nenani elikhulu ukukhululwa kwe-iloli. Usuku got kude elihambayo izimoto ezingu-60, futhi namanje akwaziwa ukuthi kukhona okungalunga bese ukusheshisa. Le nguqulo Soviet lihlukile imodeli American, eziningi nemingcele. Kunalokho tin yasungulwa ukhonkolo crankcase bamba isikulufa kwagcizelela eziqondisa indlela phezu carburetor lemifanekiso air ezifakiwe. Umzimba waphinda yakhelwe, on-ebhodini inketho senziwa imidwebo yasekhaya. Kamuva, nabaqambi Soviet athuthukile yokulahla inketho "iloli" esiyingqayizivele, okuyinto zihlukaniswa yokuthi umzimba akuzange kudingeke ukuba ukugumbuqela. Cargo yazithandela ngaphansi isisindo ayo ngesikhathi kubalwa ngokukhethekile phansi umzimba. Kwanele ukuvula tailgate.

chassis

ezingemuva ukumiswa design "iloli" kwaba yasekuqaleni futhi engavamile. iziphethu Semi-elliptic elise ngendlela ekhethekile, phambi oluvala amasondo ezingemuva ngemishayo ukuze amortization isigwedlo yabo isenzo senzeka uhlamvu. Ngalesi isakhiwo, ukumiswa ezingemuva baba compact kakhulu futhi manufacturable uma ziqhathaniswa ephelele iziphethu elliptic. Kodwa lokhu design kwaba ethile eyodwa - lapho unyathela amabhuleki emabhuloki nge iziphethu uthethe imithwalo eminingi kanye ukuvelela, ngokuvamile uyahluleka. Stepladders zidiyazele futhi entwasahlobo leaf isiqala ukuhambisa isihlobo ukuba eksisi longitudinal.

gumbi lokhuni

Ngokuphelele kusukela izingxenye zokukhiqiza yaseSoviet yokuthuthela "iloli" Gaz-AA nabo selokhu 1933. Cabs imoto yokuqala ezenziwe ngokhuni, futhi kusukela ngo-1934 emshinini efakwe module metal enophahla ngendwangu.

iloli Tech Gaz-AA yayakhiwe phezu ukumiswa Uhlaka-uhlobo chassis, amaqabunga entwasahlobo. Ukungabikho ephelele ukushaqeka wezinciphisi wenza ukusebenza umshini engazinzile futhi aqinile. Nokho, imoto ngokuphumelelayo imisebenzi ku ezokuthutha impahla emikhunjini kanye Scrap ezingavamile. Motors "GAS-AA" mazombezombe ezahlukene kanye maintainability okusezingeni eliphezulu. Abakwazi ukusebenza imikhiqizo ongaphakeme-ebangeni petroleum kakhulu, ongaphakeme-octane zikaphethiloli iziketekete ngisho isizini ashisayo.

amaphutha

Umpofu iphuzu "iloli" kwaba ukuziqalela nebhethri. Ukuphila kwabo ngokulambisa safinyelela nengxenye ngonyaka, bese iyunithi erherhweni, nebhethri kwadingeka lilungiswe. Ngokuvamile imoto ahlala isibambo.

Enye inkinga enkulu e ukusebenza kwe-Gaz-AA bekulokhu Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu amathayi. It got kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi lo oluvala amasondo ezingemuva emotweni kwaba ifakwe amasondo amane akusona, njengoba lenziwe ku passport, kodwa ezimbili kuphela, ngoba lokho anoma umshini wawa.

Kodwa nokho, "iloli" kwaba ezinkulu kakhulu imoto zaseSoviet eyandulela impi futhi impi iminyaka. Gaz-AA lalisetshenziselwa sokuthuthukiswa Ushintshe - base ambulensi, amathangi ahlukahlukene, ukukhanya kanye ukufakwa acoustic, ukulungisa mobile "lamabutho flying", anti-gas, inhlanzeko nokuthuthwa kwendle avtolaboratorii, imisakazo umsakazo yesixwayiso, ukushaja station kanye Air futhi ukukhanyisa ukuqala amayunithi.

buyekeza

Ngo-1938, i- "iloli" Gaz-AA ithole injini entsha Gaz-MM nomthamo 50 amalitha. s., okuyinto kuze kube yileso sikhathi wabekwa imoto "Molotovets-1" ngaphansi nesiqu Gaz-M1. Ngaphezu ethuthukisiwe injini "iloli" kwaba ifakwe i eziqondisa okuthuthukisiwe umphini ku inaliti amabombo. Chassis kwaba entwasahlobo ngaphandle ukushaqeka ezidayiswayo.

Njengoba "iloli" - imoto tech, futhi ikhishwe Kumiswa isikhathi esifushane, imodeli isibe esisemqoka emnothweni Soviet. Ngaleso sikhathi, imoto ethwele amandla ngaphakathi amathani 1.5 sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi ngempela eyanele. Ngesikhathi sokuvuna enkundleni Uxosha amakhulu izimoto ukuthi ngokushesha ngakhipha okuvuna ngokucubungula bese bebuyiselwa motor yabo yezokuthutha. Car "iloli" kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso imoto ukwahlukahlukana. Yena wayengumbulali elingenazinkinga kanye ongaphakeme-yesondlo.

Car "iloli", ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe

imishini Isakhiwo: perednemotornaya, RWD.

Ubukhulu nesisindo nemingcele:

• Imoto obuphelele - 5335 mm;
• ukuphakama - 1870 mm;
• ububanzi --2030 mm;
• phansi imvume, imvume - 200 mm;
• wheelbase - 3340 mm;
• Ukunqanda isisindo - 1750 mm.

amandla plant

It has izici ezilandelayo:

• Engine brand - "Gaz-A ';
• uhlobo - kaphethiloli;
• ukumisa - four cylinder, okusemgqeni;
• umthamo ukusebenza - 3285 cc / cm;
• umthamo esiphezulu - 40 wamalitha. p.
• torque engu - 1200 rev / imiz at 165 Nm;
• isilinda ubukhulu - 98,43 mm;
• zlib isilinganiso - 4,22;
• Stroke - 87 mm;
• Cooling uhlelo - amanzi;
• isilinda ikhanda - yensimbi;
• isilinda block - yensimbi;
• inani nowe - 4;
• ngesivinini esiphezulu - 70 km / h;

Transmission - manual, ezine-gearbox.

"Lorry" - umshini jikelele

Ngaphandle evamile on-ebhodini imoto Gaz ekhiqizwa tipper ukuguqulwa GAS-C1. Umgomo we operation walo mshini eyayingavamile impela. Umthwalo emzimbeni ekuqaleni kahle ukuze isisindo salo icindezelwa ukuba ohlangothini emuva, ekhiyiwe ngumuntu stop elula. Loader futhi umshayeli kuvula yokuvala, futhi mass zokwakha ngaphansi isisindo ayo falling ukuphuma. Khona-ke umzimba ezingenalutho uyaphinda ivaliwe ilokhi.

"Road of Life"

On iqhaza Gaz-AA ( "iloli") empini ye 1941-1945 ebhaliwe a lot of izincwadi. Kodwa indlela ebaluleke kakhulu mlando lapho bamhlohla imoto edume kwaba "indlela yokuphila", wabeka phezu eqhweni yeLake Ladoga. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-lokuphela kwendlela ngokuxhumanisa Leningrad ovinjezelwe nezwe elingaphandle.

Ice zingase zidlulisele ukukhanya kuphela Gaz-AA. Military "iloli" nge izibani Anombala ngobumnene uhambe ibanga ngaphansi umlilo kusukela wezikhali isiJalimane, ekuletheni ukudla emzini ovinjezelwe. izimoto eziningi wangena phansi iqhwa, kodwa namanje emzini wasinda, sibonga hhayi okungenani ekunikezelweni edume "iloli".

Ngemva kokuqala Umhlaba Second neMpi Gorky Automobile Plant sekuqalile ukukhiqizwa amaloli lempi ifomu lula. Wahlupheka amakhaza iphuma yokuswelakala kwensimbi, kanye nokuntuleka eziningana izingxenye. Amasosha "iloli 'akabanga iminyango - esikhundleni efakwe ngendwangu zesikrini, amaphiko phambi ekhiqizwa kusuka ezivamile ukufulela yensimbi. Amabhuleki babe kuphela lamasondo angemuva, embozwe endleleni eyodwa headlight. Udonga ohlangothini umzimba musa bahlale.

Ukuphela ukukhiqizwa

Kuphela ngo-1944, imoto wathatha ifomu evamile, kwakukhona iminyango ngokhuni, amabhuleki front, headlamp yesibili futhi ohlangothini enezinto. Ngemva kwempi, "iloli" kabusha ngobuningi, ngoba izwe ngiswele yezokuthutha. ukukhiqizwa Gaz-AA kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1956. Futhi endleleni, lezi zimoto kungabonwa kowokuqala 1960 ngenkathi imishini omdala babengamkhonzi esikhundleni Gaz-51.