Kungani ulele okuthiwa amaphayona izimila futhi iyini indima yabo emvelweni?

Ulele - lena iqembu eyinqaba kakhulu eziphilayo bangaphila endaweni lapho kungekho ezinye izitshalo musa ukusinda. Abakwazi ukumelana yesithwathwa futhi eqinile, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu. Zikhula ezindaweni engavamile kakhulu: emadwaleni kanye nezihlahla, nenhlabathi sandy kanye ezicijile, emathafeni ase-kanye-Antarctic. Ngemva kokuhlola izici zalezi zinto engavamile, ungakwazi ukuphendula umbuzo kungani ulele okuthiwa iphayona kwezimila. Phela, bayizithunywa yokuqala ukuvela izindawo lapho angakhula lutho: emadwaleni erhalawumbeni noma nezimfunda. La magciwane ezimangalisayo Uyi Symbiosis of fungus kanye ulwelwe, Namanje ayiqondakali kahle. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ngabe zikhona Emhlabeni iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-200 futhi udlale indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene.

Yiziphi izici ulele?

1. Lokhu umzimba kuyinto Symbiosis of ukhunta kanye ulwelwe. Ziyakwazi ukuzimela ngokuphelele bangabi nomunye. Ekuqaleni, amagciwane ukhunta phezu komzimba ulwelwe, kodwa umzimba omusha kwamiswa ngokuhamba kwemvelo.
2. Ngokumangalisayo kanye nokudla ulele. Sesigcilikisha eyatholakala kusukela ukhunta ambient amanzi nokusansimbi okuvela emzimbeni kanye ulwelwe - Organic. Futhi, ulwelwe kusukela ukhunta uthola yonke idinga namaminerali. Ekudleni kwakho, la magciwane cishe ezimele emhlabathini. Akha ezindaweni uyinyumba kakhulu, bese, otmiraya yakha substrate izakhi yezinye izitshalo. Yingakho ulele okuthiwa uhlaza iphayona.

3. Isici zalezi zinto yikhono abo ukuba baphile lapho kungekho isitshalo ngeke sizijwayeze. Ngosizo acid ekhethekile, bakwazi ukuncibilikisa enamadwala isiphuku, magma noma isihlabathi, ukudala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi inhlabathi.
4. Ulele zikhula kancane kakhulu. Kuwo lo nyaka, banda baba ngu hhayi ningi than 5 kwangu. Kodwa la magciwane kakhulu eside waphila. Isilinganiso sobudala kubo - iminyaka engu-100, kodwa kukhona ulwazi mayelana ulele ka eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili ubudala.
5. La magciwane kukhona linesizotha kakhulu. Angaba ukumelana yesomiso esathatha isikhathi eside, yesithwathwa degrees 60 futhi pyatidesyatigradusnyu ukushisa.

Yiziphi ulele?

Amagama iningi labo ungakhulumi kumuntu ovamile. Abaningi wabona la magciwane, ngoba kukhona ehlukile ukuze akafani nanoma yibaphi isikhunta noma izitshalo. Yiziphi ulele?

• Foliose bangaphila amagxolo ezihlahla, esehlanganise inhlabathi ukhaphethi noma droop e ngesimo ngesilevu ne amagatsha.

• ulele Crustose like uqweqwe elincanyana, amatshe ukumboza, amagxolo ezihlahla, zingcingo nezindonga. Ziyakwazi okusikhumbuza grey isikali.
• ulele Amafushane zitholakala emahlathini coniferous, ukwakha ukhaphethi ehlathini enhle branched. Ngezinye izikhathi singafinyelela ubude obungamamitha kwesigamu imitha.

Lapho la magciwane baphile?

Kungani ulele okuthiwa amaphayona izimila? Yebo, ngoba "kuvuleke" indlela ekusakazeni kwamanye izitshalo, inkositini nenhlabathi ezinamadwala and sandy. Baqale avele izindawo lapho angakhula lutho. Into esemqoka ekuphileni kwabo - a ukukhanya nomswakama emoyeni. Ulele - lokhu ingenye eziphilayo ezivamile. Kungatholakala kubhalwe kusukela North-South Pole. Bathanda amahlathi coniferous kanye okuxubile, emathafeni futhi ehlathini, ezinkangala ezinamadwala ezingwadule. Sikwazi ukukhula Ezinye izinhlobo ngamanzi lava mlilo. Zikhula phezu yensimbi, itshe, ngobumba, izitini, amakhadibhodi, lendwangu ingilazi.

Kuyinto lesi sici wabo impendulo yombuzo kungani ulele okuthiwa iphayona kwezimila. Bangancibilika amatshe imikhiqizo ebalulekile yayo futhi otmiraya yakha substrate usebenzisa, kamuva kuyinto ayizidleke impilo yezinye izitshalo.

okusho ulele

• Kakhulu sensitive emoyeni ahlanzekile, la magciwane kukhona inkomba zalesi sithako. Ikakhulukazi zisabela okuqukethwe kwe-sulphur dioxide emkhathini.
• acid ehlukahlukene ethakwa ulele elisetshenziswa amakha izimboni yezimonyo, kuhlanganise upende litmus lelungiselelwe. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo secrete baktritsidnye izinto, ngakho asetshenziswa abantu imithi.
• Ikhava ulele emathafeni namahlathi coniferous Ukuvikela umhlabathi ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. nabo ukuvikela izihlahla kusuka KWAMAGUNDANE by isikhunta.
• Indima ulele ku iqiniso ukuthi kukhona ukudla izilwane eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Ezinye zalezi zinto ezidliwayo ngoba abantu.