Iziphi izinzwa? Imizwa njengengxenye yesimiso sezinzwa zesintu. Umonakalo wezinzwa

Imizwa yindlela yokubaluleka ebaluleke kakhulu. Ziyizicucu zezintambo zensimbi ezifakwe ebhokisini lezingxube ezibizwa ngokuthi i-epineurium. Inani lezinzwa emzimbeni womuntu liphakeme kakhulu. Kulesi simo, kukhona zombili iziqu ezinkulu namagatsha amancane kakhulu.

Mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinzwa

Amazinyo kukhona uhlobo lwemigwaqo emikhulu, lapho ulwazi oluthe xaxa ludluliselwa khona njalo ngomzuzwana. Yenzelwa inqwaba ye-receptors, ehlakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba, kufaka phakathi phezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-receptors iqoqa ulwazi olugeleza kamuva ebuchosheni, lapho isizukulwane semibono mayelana nezwe elizungezile nesimo sangaphakathi semvelo senziwa. Emva kwalokhu, impendulo yenziwa ku- cortex ye-hemispheres ye-cerebral . Njengengcindezi yesibindi, uhamba emagqabeni kulezi zinzwa eziphoqelela izakhiwo ezithile zomzimba ukuba zenze ngokuvumelana nesimiso esihleliwe.

Yisiphi isayensi ekutadisha imizwa?

Kulokhu sikhuluma nge-neurology. Le sayensi yinkimbinkimbi yonke yolwazi mayelana nezicubu zezinzwa, kanye nezinqubo zokudlulisela umfutho ngamagundane akhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-neurology ihlola konke ukuphazamiseka komzimba, okuhlotshaniswa ne-pathology yezicubu zesifo. Futhi, ochwepheshe kule ndawo bahlanganyela ekuthuthukiseni izindlela eziphumelelayo zokuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwezifo zesifo sezinzwa.

Mayelana nomonakalo wezicubu zesifo

Izindebe ziyizakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo emzimbeni kukhona kokubili amahlumela amancane alezi zicubu, kanye namagquma onke. Okuyingozi kakhulu emzimbeni ukulimala kwezakhiwo ezinkulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi kubonga kubo ukuthi ukungezwani phakathi kwezitho eziyinhloko, amaqembu omzimba kanye nabahlaziyizi ngakolunye uhlangothi nobuchopho komunye kutholakala.

Inkinga ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ezihambisana nemisipha yinkqubo yokuvuvukala eyenza izicubu zazo. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuholela ekubukeni okungenakujabuliswa kulezo zindawo ezingenakulungiswa yizakhiwo ezimele. Lokhu ngokuvamile akubuhlungu. Ngokuvamile inqubo ibangela ukwephulwa komsebenzi wezakhiwo ezithile zomzimba.

Iqiniso lokuthi izinzwa kukhona izakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu, akunakuzaza. Lokhu kuboniswa futhi ukuthi uma behlukaniswe ngokuphelele, imisebenzi yezingxenye kanye nezicubu ezingenakulungiswa yizo ziphazanyiswa. Uma kwenzeka, isibonelo, i-nerve audory yonakaliswe zombili zombili, umuntu angase alahlekelwe ngokuphelele ithuba lokuhlaziya ukushintsha kwezwi. Kulokhu, lezi zicubu zivuselela kancane kancane, futhi kaningi kunokuba ubuqotho bayo buhlukanise ngokuphelele isakhiwo esakhiwa kuso, abuyisele. Ngenxa yalokho, izinzwa zokuhlola ngeke zikwazi ukuphola ngemuva kokulimala okukhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhono lokuhlaziya ukuzwakala kwezwakala ohlangothini oluthintekile ngeke libuye.

Ngakho umonakalo wezinzwa kuyingozi eyingozi yokwelashwa, okungaholela ekuphukeni okukhulu komzimba wonke.

Mayelana nesibindi sombuso

Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi ezikhulunywe ngaso sonke isikhathi yile nerve. Iqiniso liwukuthi nguye yedwa onomthwalo wendawo enkulu kakhulu futhi ephawulekayo. Kuvela kuye ukuthi zonke izinzwa zobuso ziqala. Uphakathi kwezintambo eziyishumi nambili, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-craniocerebral. Kungenxa yakhe ukuthi wonke umuntu unethuba lokuveza isimo sakhe sengqondo kulokhu noma lowo mcimbi ngosizo lwezinsipho zobuso. Kuyingozi kakhulu isimo lapho lezi zinzwa zilimazekile. Izithombe zabantu abane-intersection ephelele yalezi zinzwa zibonisa ubuso obungenabuzwelo ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngale ndlela yokukhubazeka kukhona ukwephulwa kwemisebenzi yokuhlafuna, ukugwinya nokufonela.

Izinkinga zokuhamba

Amagundane ayimigwaqo yasekuqaleni, lapho ulwazi olungena khona ebuchosheni kuphela, kodwa nangendlela ehlukile. Uma kunomonakalo komunye noma kwenye inzwa, kungenzeka i-paresis noma ngisho nokukhubazeka kweqembu elithile lemisipha.

Ukuze uqondise ukunyakaza emilenzeni engenhla, isisindo se-elbow sanele ngokwanele. Kusukela ekubukeni kokusebenza, kuhlanganisiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inzwa ye-ulnar iyakwazi ukufeza izimpendulo kumaqembu ezinsimba nasesimweni esitholakala emkhathini kuya emqondweni. Esikhathini sokuqala, umsebenzi wezimoto uyaqaphela, kanti esimweni sesibili uzwela. Nge-intersection ephelele yale nerve kumuntu, ukuzwela emunwe omncane nokushaya umunwe kulahlekile. Umunwe ophakathi wesandla uphinde uhlupheke kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi i-flexion, ulwazi nokuzalanisa kule ndawo kulahlekile. Futhi, umuntu akakwazi ukuletha isithupha, okunciphisa kakhulu izinga lempilo.

Mayelana nokulimala komgogodla

Yiziphi izinzwa futhi kubaluleke kakhulu kangakanani, zingaqondwa yisibonelo somgogodla. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwesibili ngobukhulu kwezicubu zezinzwa ngemva kobuchopho. Kulolu lwazi kusuka ku-cortex ye-hemispheres ye-cerebral kanye nezinhlaka ezingaphansi kwe-subcortical ezidluliselwa kuzo zonke izitho nezicubu. Ngokusho kwentambo yomgogodla, idatha etholakala yi-receptors iza ukuhlaziywa okuqhubekayo ebuchosheni.

Akuyona into eyingozi kunazo zonke ukulimala kwikholomu yomgogodla. Iqiniso liwukuthi zingabangela ukukhubazeka okuphelele komzimba womuntu. Okufanayo kubonakala emgudleni we-spinal cord esifundeni somlomo wesibeletho. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ubuqotho bomuthi wezinzwa ezingeni le-vertibrae ye-thoracic liphukile, umuntu ulahlekelwa ikhono lokulawula imilenze yakhe kanye nezitho zomzimba.

Ukulimala kwezicubu zesishukela eshukela sikashukela

Enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu zesifo sikashukela kuyi-distne polyneuropathy. Kuwumonakalo emicimbini yamagciwane ngaphansi kwethonya lamazinga e-glucose aphakeme njalo emzimbeni. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukungalingani okunjalo ku-metabolism kuholela ekuphazamiseni okukhulu kwe-trophic. Esikhathini esizayo lokhu kunomthelela ekwenzeni i-atrophy yezicubu zezinzwa. Ikhathazekile kakhulu kule nqubo ye-pathological are nerves mincane, etholakala ezingxenyeni ezikude zomkhawulo ophezulu nangaphansi.

Uma ngabe izicubu zezinzwa zonakalisiwe kule ndawo, ukuzwela kwezimvume zokuthola ulwazi kungasebenzi kubantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kuqale ukuzwa ukuzwa okuvuthayo noma okukhencezayo okuzosabalalisa kuqala kuphela, bese kancane kancane kuphakama ngaphezulu. Uma le nkinga iqala, ukuyiqeda kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Yingakho abagulayo abanesifo sikashukela kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqapha njalo izinga le-glucose egazini labo.

Imivimbo nemiphumela yabo ebuchosheni

Esinye sezimo eziyingozi kunazo zonke nge-neurology yi-hemorrhage hemorrhage. Kubizwa ngokuthi isifo sokushaya. Lesi simo sinengozi ngoba singabangela ukwephulwa okukhulu komzimba womuntu ngenxa yokulimala kuzo zonke izingxenye zesisindo sezinzwa zobuchopho, futhi kwezinye izimo - ukufa.

Ukutholakala kwesifo sokushaya isifo kuvame ukwanda ngenxa yokwanda okukhulu kwegazi nokulandelwa komkhumbi nokwehla kwesisu. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu noma leyo ngxenye yobuchopho ibonakalisiwe.

Izifo ezivame kakhulu ezenzeka ngengozi ziwukukhubazeka kanye ne-paresis emaphethelweni aphansi nangaphezulu, izinkulumo nezisifo zobuso. Iziguli eziningi ngemva kokuqeda kwegazi esikhathini sobuchopho zihlala zikhubazekile empilweni. Ukuze ubuyisele umsebenzi olahlekile ngaphambilini, kubalulekile ukwenza izinyathelo ezinqala zokuvuselela kabusha. Kodwa abahlali baphumelela njalo.

Emathemba okucwaninga nge-neurology

Izindebe zinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi aziqondi kahle izakhiwo. Njengamanje, izazi zezinzwa ezivela emhlabeni wonke zizama ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zokubuyisela izicubu zesisindo. Uma kuvulwa indlela esheshisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu zezinzwa, lokhu kuzoxazulula inamba enkulu yezinkinga zezokwelapha. Iziguli eziye zalimala kakhulu umgogodla, ziphinde zihambe ngokuzimela, zibuyele ekuphileni okuvamile komphakathi.

Esinye isiqondiso esithembisayo yilapho kudalwa ukufakelwa kokufakelwa, okungafaka esikhundleni sezingxenyana ezonakele zezicubu zezinzwa. Ezinye izinguquko kule ndawo zikhona kakade, kodwa ukusebenzisa okukhulu kwalokhu ekwenzeni ukwelashwa kuvinjelwe izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu zezimpande ezinjalo. Njengamanje, ngokuvamile ubuqotho bendawo ewonakele yezicubu zezinzwa bubuyiselwa ngosizo lwe-prosthesis yayo ne-nerve yayo yesifo se-diaphragmatic.