Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle zommbila: isithombe, incazelo

Ummbila omkhulu omnandi ungenye yezingubo ezizithandayo cishe wonke umuntu, uhlobo lwenkumbulo elijabulisayo kusukela ebuntwaneni, ikakhulukazi elikhulunywe ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sehlobo. Isitshalo esithandwayo, esizalwa eMelika, sasitshalwe ezikhathini zasendulo ngamaMaya nama-Aztec asendulo.

Ummbila - indlovukazi evumelana yamasimu

Ngesilinganiso sezimboni, lesi sitshalo sitshalwe ikakhulukazi ngezinhloso zokudla, kodwa sithole niche yayo ngokwanele ezindaweni eziningi zensimu nezensimu, lapho izinhlobo zenkomo zimelelwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zazo. Futhi ubuhle obukhulu ekhaya "obukhulu" obuyi-okultirilo ", obunqanda ikhono lokuzimela imbewu nokukhula esimweni sakhe sangaphambili, sasendle. Manje lesi siko sine-monoecious, sinama-inflorescences ahlukene futhi i-cross-pollinated. Abanye balimi basebenzisa i-doopylenie yokufakelwa - ngenxa yalokhu baqothula ama-spikelets esiqongweni se-stem (izimbali zesilisa) bese bezithuthukisa phezu kwezimbali ze-cobs (izimbali zezinhlobo zesifazane).

Incazelo kanye nezici zangaphandle

Uhlelo lwempande cishe zonke izinhlobo zemifino lukhulu kakhulu futhi luya ngaphansi komhlaba ngaphansi kokujula kwamamitha ayi-1.5. Ngokudlula, ukwakheka kwezimpande ezengeziwe (ezisekela) esiqwini, okwenza kube nokulungiswa okunamandla kwesitshalo emhlabathini futhi kube nomthelela ekumuneni nokugcinwa kwamanzi namaminerali.

Izitshalo zalesi sitshalo ziqondile, zingakwazi ukufinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-6 (kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwesitshalo). Ama-inflorescences abesilisa asezingeni eliphezulu le-stem ngendlela yama-panicles, kanti abesifazana bafihliwe emaceleni amaqabunga. Isisindo sezindlebe ezinzima kangaka, okuyi-cob corn, isuka ku-35 kuya ku-500 amagremu.

Zonke izinhlobo zemayuni ekhona ngokwezakhiwo zokusanhlamvu nokusetshenziswa zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko. Ngezansi kukhona okuyinhloko ngokwemibandela yezinhlobonhlobo.

Izinhlobo zommbila omnandi

Ummbila we-Sugar uyithandwa kakhulu futhi uyathandwa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuvutha kwe-milky-wax; Isithako esiphundu emaladini amaningi, yisisekelo sezinhlamvu eziningi ezivuna kakhulu. Uma ufika ekuvuthweni okugcwele, ummbila uqoqa ushukela obalulekile. Ubuningi bezinhlamvu bunamathele, basesigabeni - ingilazi. Ummbila we-Sugar usetshenziswe ngempumelelo embonini yokugaya.

Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu nezithandwayo zikashukela yi-Ice Nectar, i-Gold First 401, uMoya, i-Gourmand 121, i-Dobrynia, i-Sundance.

Umoya

I-hybrid entsha kanye nommeleli ocacile wezolimo ezihlukahlukene zikashukela; Kufaneleka cishe zonke izifunda zaseRussia. Eyaziwa yizinhlamvu zombala ophuzi okhanyayo, eziqoqwe ku-cobs kuze kube ngu-20 cm ngobukhulu. I-palate iyamnandi futhi iyathandeka (ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu ushukela emahlathini), i-pulp isemanzini ngokwanele. Lesi sitshalo sinokuphakama kwamamitha amabili. Uma ukhula lolu hlobo lokutshala nokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile ekupheleni kukaMeyi, ummbila Umoya uzothokozeka ngesitshalo esiphakeme emva kwezinyanga ezimbili.

I-Dobrinya

I-Hybrid, ekhonjiswe ukuvuthwa kokuqala. Ukutshala kwenziwa ngoMeyi, emva kwezinsuku ezingu-70 kungenzeka ukuqoqa ama-cobs avuthiwe. It has ukunambitheka okumnandi kanye ubukhulu umxhwele of cobs. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungaba ngu-170 cm, ukubunjwa kwama-cobs kwenzeka, ukuqala ekuphakameni kwezingu-70 cm. Kuhle kakhulu ukusetshenziswa okusha, ukuqhwaza, ukugaya. Ikhula kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi futhi iphikisana kahle nezifo.

I-Gourmand 121

Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekene nezitshalo eziphakeme nokuphikiswa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene. Isikhathi semifino sikuzinsuku ezingu-70-75. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungamamitha ayi-1.5. Ubude be-cob bufinyelela ku-20 cm. Esigabeni sokuvuthwa ubisi, amakhukhamba kaGamkom 121 ayathandeka kakhulu efomini elibilisiwe, asetshenziselwa ukuqhwaza nokugaya.

Ice Nectar

Izinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa kwesikhathi, ezivezwe ukunambitheka okuhle nokuvunwa okuhle. Phakathi kokunye kubhekwa njengokuhle kakhulu. Ama-corncob angafinyelela ubude obungama-22 cm, abonisa ubukhulu bawo obukhulu.

Sundance

Unezinhlamvu eziphuzi ezincane ezithintekayo, ezithokozisa kakhulu ukugaya kanye nokusetshenziswa okusha. Ehlathini ngalinye, ukuphakama okuphansi, ama-cobs amabili ahlanganiswa no-20 cm ubude, kuze kube ngu-5 cm ububanzi. Lokhu kuhlwanyela kuhlwanyelwe ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi nokuvuthwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-70-95.

I-Gold yokuqala 401

Lezi zihlukahlukene yinkathi emifushane, yemifino - cishe izinsuku ezingu-90. Ukuphikiswa okuphezulu kwezifo. Isilinganiso sokumelana nesomiso. Isisindo se-Cob - kufika ku-190 amagremu. Umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngezici ezinambitheka eziphezulu.

Inyosi enjengezinyo: incazelo nokuhlukahluka

Eyaziwa ngama-cobs amakhulu, iziqu ezinamandla, isivuno esikhulu kanye nokuvunwa okuhle kwe-silage. EMelika, lokhu kuyinhlobo esemqoka yengqolowa, ekhula ngesilinganiso sezimboni futhi isetshenziselwa ukuphatha izilwane ngezinjongo zokudla. Ukusanhlamvu kwalo kufana nenye izinyosi futhi kune-groove phezulu owenza ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Izimila azivame ukuhlathini, okusanhlamvu kuqukethe u-75% we-starch futhi isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza utshwala, ufulawa kanye nosawoti.

Abamele bright ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinjengezinyo zommbila yi-Odessa 10 no-Sterling.

Odessa 10

Ezihlukahlukene ezivuthiwe, ezithela isivuno esikhulu semifino eluhlaza kanye nobuncane. Ngokuvame ukutshala ukusila.

I-Sterling

Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezinikezelayo zithengiswa cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zokulima ummbila.

Ummbila omnandi: izici zezinhlobonhlobo

Unomkhuhlane onamandla obushelelezi (ngaphandle kwemigodi, kusuka phezulu ingqikithi) emhlophe noma ephuzi, cishe ehlanganisa isitashi. Lezi zinhlobo ziyisizathu sokukhiqizwa kwezintambo zommbila nama-flakes futhi zivame kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukuwela i-subspecies ye-corn nge-dentition kwaholela ekubukeni kommbila osikiwe.

Okuvamile kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezimayini njenge-Voronezhskaya 80, i-Voronezhskaya 76, i-Severodakotskaya.

Voronezh 80

I-hybrid yokuqala, evuthwa ngezinsuku ezingu-70. Siyabonga ngokunakekelwa okungenasiphelo nokuqukethwe okushukela ophezulu. Ubukhulu bezindlebe buya kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-25 cm, ukuphakama kwesitshalo ngu-170 cm. Imbewu yezitshalo zonyaka ozayo ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa. Ihlanganiswe esifundeni saseSakhalin nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho zaseSiberia.

Voronezh 76

Izinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala. Ivuthisa cishe kuzo zonke izifunda ze-central-chernozem strip.

Severodakotskaya

Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala. Lihlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeRussia.

Abaduni bemifino: izinhlobo ze-popcorn

Ngokwezibonakaliso zangaphandle, incazelo yezinhlobo zikamayini zalolu hlobo ifana: amahlamvu ayabushelela futhi aqhakaza, aqhuma lapho evutha. Yilolu hlobo olwaluba yisisekelo sokubukeka kwe-popcorn oyithandayo wonke umuntu. Lesi sitshalo sibonakala nge-bushiness emihle, inqwaba yezindlebe, ukutholakala kwenani elikhulu lamaqabunga. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle zommbila we-popcorn ziyiVulcan, i-Oerlikon, i-Dneprovskaya 925.

I-volcano

Efaniswa ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu kokusanhlamvu okuhlutshiwe nokuphakama kwayo okuphezulu. Imifino yezimbiza ze-popcorn iphakathi kokuqala, ukulwa nesomiso, ukuphakama okukhulu, ukuphakama kwesitshalo kufinyelela ku-220 cm. Ubude be-cob buba ngamasentimitha angama-22. Utshalwa ezindaweni ezihlala emahlathini nasezintabeni.

I-Oerlikon

Ezihlukahlukene ezindala, ezivezwe ukunambitheka okumnandi kanye nephunga elimnandi. Isetshenziselwa ukupheka ama-popcorn, ama- cornflakes nezinketho.

Ezinye izinhlobo zommbila

• I-Waxy corn. Imbewu yalezi zinhlobonhlobo ibonakala ngobushelelezi kanye ne-mattness ye-peel. Esigabeni, isakhiwo sokusanhlamvu sifana ne-wax. Lezi zinhlobo, ezinhlobonhlobo zazo ezihlukahlukene ezilinganiselwe, zithandwa kakhulu eChina.
• Starch corn . Omunye wasendulo kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Okuvamile kakhulu eningizimu yeNyakatho Melika naseNingizimu Melika. Izinhlobo zezitshalo (izitshalo zezitshalo ngokuvamile ziyabonakala ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezikhethekile) zibhekwa ngokuvuthwa okuphelile. Izimila zokuphakama okuphakathi, zinamaqabunga amaningi, amahlathi aphakathi nendawo aqinile. Ubuningi buzungeza, bunamathele, bushelelezi, bunamapulangwe amaningi. Okuqukethwe kwesitashi kufinyelele ku-80%.
• Ummbila ummbila. Embonini, lolu hlobo alusetshenziswanga ngokuphathelene nokubunzima kokucubungula, ngoba akusiyo kuphela i-cob, kodwa okusanhlamvu ngalunye kuhlanganiswa nesikhumba ngasinye.
• Ummbila okhululekile (ongasenayo) . Ayikho inani elikhethekile, ngakho-ke alisakazwa kabanzi.

Ukwaziswa okuphathekayo - i-corn Hopi

Lokhu kuhlukahluka kommbila kuhluke kwabanye futhi kunomsoco wakhe - umbala wezinhlamvu ezimnyama ongavamile, ongavamile ngenxa yokubona i-enzyme ekhethekile. Ikhulile ikakhulu eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-USA nasenyakatho yeMexico. Ukunambitheka kumnandi futhi kunethenda, nge-nutty hue eyaziwayo. Ezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo zitholakala emazweni aseNdiya aseHofi, eyakha isisekelo segama lawo. Kungacatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kuyimifino yasendulo endala eye ishintshwe yi-corn evamile ephuzi noma e-orange. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze "violet", ezihlukene kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zembala, zine-niche efanelekayo ezimakethe zabathengi futhi isetshenziselwa kakhulu kwi-cosmetology, ekwakheni imixube nama-chip chips blue. Ngesisekelo sezinhlamvu ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isiphuzo esidumile sokuphuza utshwala "Chicha Morado" silungisiwe. I-Corn Hopi inezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, ububanzi bombala obukhulu kakhulu: kusuka ku-grey elula kuze kube mnyama. Enyekeni eyodwa, imibala eminingana ingahlanganiswa, okwenza izinhlobo ezinjalo zokuhlobisa ummbila.

Yondla izinhlobo zommbila

Ukuze kutholakale izinhlobo zemifino yezilwane, inhloso yokukhula okungukuthi uthola inani elikhulu le-silage ekudleni imfuyo, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezinjalo njenge-Kuban ekuqaleni kwe-hybrid, i-Aurika, i-Viola, i-Saratov ushukela, i-Golden Fleece, i-Pearl. Imfucumfucu yemifino, enezinhlobo zazo ezibonakala ngezinga eliphakeme lokugqoka, isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza okusanhlamvu kwekhwalithi.

Imithetho yokufika

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlwanyela imbewu ezindaweni ezisebusuku; Akuyona inkululeko yokukhetha inhlabathi, kepha isayithanda izwe elikhanyayo nelithakazelisayo. Abakhiqizi bemikhakha emide bangaba izithelo, izitshalo zasebusika, izitshalo zomgqa kanye nokolweni kakolweni. Kanti futhi kungatshala emva kwetamatisi, izimpande izitshalo kanye namakhabe.

Indima enkulu ekutholeni isitshalo esicebile nekhwalithi ephezulu idlalwe yi-fertility yenhlabathi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba ufeze (okuyizinto eziphilayo kanye nezamaminerali). Ekwindla ebamba emhlabeni, kungenzeka ukufaka umquba nomquba we- phosphorus-potassium. Ngentwasahlobo, indawo ngaphambi kokutshala ihlelwe ngaphambili nge-rakes (ukususa ukugoqa kwesikhumba nokuphulukisa izitshalo zomhlaba).

Ukutshala kommbila kufanele kwenziwe enhlabathini evuthayo ku-12 ° C, lokhu kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli; Imbewu ihlanganiswe ngokucishe ibe ngu-7 cm. Ngesikhathi sokutshala, cishe usuku, kutuswa ukusebenzisa ama-nitrogen fertilizer (10 m ² - 200 amagremu) futhi ukhulule umhlabathi kuya ku-10 cm ejulile.

Ukusheshisa ukuhluma kwembewu kungaqinisekiswa ngaphambi kokuwafaka emanzini afudumele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele kufakwe esikhwameni se-gauze, esabekwa usuku olususwe ilanga izinsuku ezingu-4, bese kufakwe isisombululo se-potassium permanganate imizuzu engu-20. Khona-ke imbewu kufanele ihlanzwe, ibekwe esitsheni bese ifaka endaweni efudumele. Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-3-4, izimpande ezincane zizovela, khona-ke imbewu ingatshala emhlabathini ovulekile. Emkhakheni, amahlumela wokuqala azojabulisa cishe ngosuku lweshumi nambili.

Abalimi abaningi be-amateur ukuze bathole isitshalo ngesikhathi esifushane izitshalo ezilungele ummbila, isikhathi lapho kufike khona izinsuku eziningi izinsuku ezingu-30.

Ukuhlwanyela kommbila kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza imigqa, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa lingama-60 cm, phakathi kwezitshalo - 40 cm. Imbewu yokutshala ekujuleni kuka 3-4 cm endaweni egcwele amanzi. Emahlumela avela, okungenzeka kube amaningana (kusukela imbewu encane iwela emgodini ngenjongo yokuhluma okuqinisekisiwe), isitshalo esinamandla kufanele sishiywe, okunye kufanele kusulwe.

Uma utshala ummbila, ungasebenzisa indlela yokuhambisa, okungukuthi, izitshalo ezinezikhathi ezahlukene zokuvuthwa kufanele zitshalwe ngezinsuku ezingu-15. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuvuna okuqhubekayo kulo lonke ihlobo.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwesitshalo

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kommbila kufanele kwenziwe uma isitshalo sinamahlamvu ayisithupha. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ungenza umquba, i-humus, i-mullein, i-droppings yenkukhu. Ezingxenyeni, ngaphezu kwezinto eziphilayo, i-ammonium nitrate, i-superphosphate kanye ne-potassium fertilizer ifakwe ngendlela ewuketshezi.

Ukuntuleka kwezinto ezincane ezidingekayo esitshalweni kungenziwa ngokuthi kubonakale ukuthi ummbila ubonakala kanjani. Ngesisindo esifushane namabala amaqabunga, kunesithakazelo se-nitrogen; Uma kusenesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo, ukukhula kwayo okusheshayo kubonakala, futhi emaphethelweni amaqabunga athola umthunzi we-violet - ngakho-ke, isiko asiyona i-phosphorus. Ukonakaliswa okungavamile kwamaqabunga kanye noshintsho kumbala wabo (kusuka obala kuya emnyama) kubonisa ukungabi khona kwe-potassium.

Izici zokunakekelwa

Ngemva kokutshala isikhathi esithile, ukukhula kommbila kuyashesha, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukukhulula nokhula (izikhathi ezingaba ngu-3 ngesikhathi sokutshala) ukuze kucebise inhlabathi nge-oksijeni bese ususa indawo ephakeme yomhlaba. Ukukhula okujulile kommbila kuqala ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga lesishiyagalombili; Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukukhula kwansuku zonke kungaba ngu-5-6 cm. Ukwakhiwa kwamacembe okuhlangene emadodeni - abantwana abancane kumele baqedwe ukuze bangaphazamisi ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlebe ezincane nokukhula kwezitshalo. Izizathu zokwakheka kwamahlumela angathandekayo zingase zibe amazinga okushisa aphansi ekuqaleni kwezigaba zezitshalo, ukwethulwa kwamanoni amaningi, kanye nokuhlwanyela okuncane.

Ukuphuza ummbila, okungajwayelekile futhi obuningi (amanzi kufanele angene ngaphakathi ekujuleni kuka 10-15 cm), kudingeka ukuba enze ngesikhathi sokubeka nokuvuthwa kwama-cobs amancane.