Izinhlobo Amagciwane. Yiziphi amagciwane e abantu?

Amagciwane kungabangela ezihlukahlukene izifo kuye ngohlobo ukutheleleka kanye nezici kwezicubu itheleleke. Yiziphi amagciwane e abantu? Bayisibonelo eziningi ezinkulu, kukho konke ukuphila kwabo, abantu ngandlela-thile nabo ejenti kakhulu ezithathelwanayo. izifo ezibangwa kubo isukela kuqhathaniswa ithutheke kalula ukuze esiyingozi. Ngokuvamile, emhlabeni kukhona amagciwane eziholela imfuluwenza, izifo emathunjini kanye ne-hepatitis.

Amagciwane kanye imikhuhlane

umkhuhlane (njengoba ekhaya ngokuthi izifo ezithathelwanayo, ezinjengomkhuhlane, SARS, laryngitis, pharyngitis) uhlala omunye izifo ezivame kakhulu abantu. E-US kuphela unyaka ngamunye, cishe siyizigidi eziyinkulungwane amacala SARS. igciwane lohlobo ka nolwelwesi lwamafinyila amavesi acinene okuholela amakhala yisisu, amehlo zamanzi, sneezing kanye umphimbo obuhlungu. Lesi sifo siyaqhubeka kusuka amaviki amabili. Wezibalo, ezingaphezu kuka-200 zamagciwane eyaziwa kungaholela imikhuhlane. Yiziphi izinhlobo amagciwane Amagciwane ezivamile-SARS? Lena ezahlukene rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus, enterovirus, orthomyxovirus, paramyxovirus, futhi zokuphefumula igciwane syncytial.

Igciwane Umkhuhlane

Umkhuhlane kubangela ezintathu izinhlobo nezilwanyana ezincane. Izinhlobo A no B kuholela izifo ezithile zonyaka sici for inkathi ukuqala ekuseni entwasahlobo isiphetho kwekwindla futhi. C virus ukutheleleka ezifana kancane ejwayelekile futhi avame izifo sibi. izimpawu zomkhuhlane ezivamile zibandakanya umzimba ukuqaqamba, imfiva, ukukhathala, ukuphathwa ikhanda, umphimbo obuhlungu, isifuba esomile lapho ukhwehlela acinene ukuminyana. Imijovo yokugoma ngokumelene Umkhuhlane kukhona izindlela zokuvikeleka ngokumelene igciwane lohlobo izinhlobo A no B.

amagciwane enteric

Yiziphi amagciwane e lomgudu wokugaya ukudla bese lokho izici alandisa? Nezilwanyana ezincane yalolu hlobo zingene esiswini nezicubu emathunjini, okubangela Gastroenteritis ezibangelwa amagciwane. Izimpawu evamile zihlanganisa ubuhlungu besisu, amajaqamba nohudo, ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza. Ezinganeni, kuhlanganise nezingane, imbangela Gastroenteritis uvame ukukhonza njengephayona Rotavirus. Lokhu ukutheleleka sinezimfanelo njengoba imfiva, ukuhlanza, ukukhishwa yisisu zamanzi. Norovirus akuyona Amagciwane bungavami kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ezithinta kokubili ngabantwana nangabantu abadala. Nokho, iziguli ubudala abasebasha cishe njalo kulawulwa izimpawu zezifo ezifana nesifo sohudo, kuyilapho kubantu abadala kwande ukuhlanza eziphikelelayo. Phakathi kwezinye amagciwane enteric owaziwa kungenziwa ngokuthi adenovirus zamagciwane Sapoviruses futhi astroviruses.

ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo amagciwane

ejenti ezithathelwanayo kwalesi silwane kuthinte isibindi, nokucupha ukuvuvukala. Isayensi uyazi amagciwane amahlanu abangela ukusha kwesibindi; Bakhandwa okuthiwa esekelwe izinhlamvu zamagama kusukela ku-A kuya E. Uma unesithakazelo, yiziphi amagciwane isifo sokusha kwesibindi ngo amazwe omhlaba athuthukile, ngokocwaningo kwezibalo emazweni ingqalasizinda evuthiwe futhi imithi ubuswa izinhlobo A, B no-C I-hepatitis igciwane lingena emzimbeni by ukugaya ukudla noma amanzi angcolile ne indle. He is isiqephu emfushane zokusha kwesibindi. Amagciwane uhlobo B kungabangela oyingozi noma ezingamahlalakhona isibindi ukutheleleka. Nezilwanyana ezincane ezitholakala igazi isidoda. Amacala njalo iningi ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B ukutheleleka zihlanganisa izenzo zocansi, ukwabelana inaliti ofanayo ukusetshenziswa izinto kwezidakamizwa, ukudluliswa kwe-HIV isuka kumama kuya enganeni phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa nokubeletha. uhlobo C gciwane lingena ngokuxhumana umthamo wegazi lesiguli. imijovo esebenza ngabantu ezahlukene usebenzisa izidakamizwa - indlela ezivame kakhulu yokudlulisela. I-hepatitis C, ngokuvamile kuba amahlala khona, ukwelashwa Nokho, ezanele ezimweni eziningi zokudambisa isifo.

nezinye amagciwane

Yiziphi amagciwane umuntu ngale kwalawa angenhla? Uma uzitholele uhlu oluphelele amagama kuyodingeka ukushicilela uhlu imiqulu eminingi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke ososayensi unyaka ukuthola izinhlobo ezintsha bonobumba. Ezinye nesigqi ezingajwayelekile kakhulu, kodwa iyingozi kakhulu ngoba kukhona engase ebulalayo. Lokhu, isibonelo, i-Ebola noma ngamarabi. Okunye nezilwanyana ezincane ivamile impela futhi eyinhloko imbangela inqwaba izifo. Labo banesithakazelo kulokho izinhlobo amagciwane ungowesilisa, mane uvule noma iyiphi inkomba wezokwelapha ethandwa. Ngakho, uyisibonelo esihle owande izifo yilezi herpes amagciwane ezibangela elula (bubble), i-herpes labialis, samabhamuza ezithweni zangasese, mononucleosis ezithathelwanayo, varicella, herpes zoster nezinye izifo eziningi. Papillomavirus Human akuyona kuphela ukubukeka warts ezivamile esikhumbeni, kodwa futhi emdlavuzeni wesibeletho.

Yikuphi amagciwane abantu muva nje? Ezithathelana lwezinhlobo entsha - HIV, ezinzima sibi syndrome zokuphefumula (SARS) kanye Middle East syndrome zokuphefumula (a MERS coronavirus) - ukuhlala inkinga engathí sina, ngoba kuze kube manje akukho ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo ngempela lezi zifo.

ukuhlola

Ukuxilongwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ikakhulukazi esekelwe luhlolo eyinhloko yezokwelapha nemithi umlando ukuhlaziywa. Ngokwesibonelo, isifo, efana umkhuhlane, kulula ngokwanele ukukubona, abantu abaningi bajwayelene kakhulu nge zako. Nokho, Ukutholakala ezinye izifo, kungadinga izifundo zokuxilonga ezengeziwe.

Ukuhluka ukuhlola for igciwane lohlobo

Njengoba impendulo yombuzo othi, yini ama-virus kubantu, kuhilela izinkulungwane izimpendulo, ngezinye izikhathi akwanele nje ukuhlola isiguli futhi ukufunda umlando wawo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, odokotela linqume eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izifundo ezilandelayo:

• ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze uhlole khona amasotsha omzimba ukulwa namagciwane noma antigen ngenxa ukuthola ngqo;
• ukutshalwa izingxenye igazi, uketshezi lomzimba kanye nezinye izinto ukubuyiswa kusuka endaweni ethintekile;
• wokubhoboza lumbar ngoba ukuhlaziya cerebrospinal fluid;
• polymerase chain reaction amasu ukwakha amakhophi eziningi ezibonakalayo viral zofuzo ngaphezulu ukuhlonza ngokushesha futhi kunembile igciwane;
• Magnetic resonance imaging ngenxa ukuthola ukuvuvukala kule iyizingxenye yesikhashana zobuchopho.

izimpawu

Yiziphi amagciwane e abantu? Uhlu Liyindawo olunzulu, kodwa izifo eziningi izimpawu kungenziwa ihlelwe sinombono ezilandelwayo uhlu olulodwa. Ngakho, izimpawu virus ukutheleleka kungabandakanya:

• umkhuhlane;
• ubuhlungu bemisipha;
• ukukhwehlela;
• sneezing;
• amakhala yisisu;
• Ukugodola;
• isifo sohudo,
• ukuhlanza;
• ukuqubuka kwesikhumba;
• umuzwa lobuthakathaka.

Izimpawu eziningi ezinzima zimi kanje:

• ukuqina entanyeni;
• amanzi emzimbeni;
• Ukudlikizela;
• ukukhubazeka nemilenze;
• disorientation;
• ubuhlungu emuva;
• ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa,
• ukuphazamiseka esinyeni urinary namathumbu;
• ukozela, okuyinto bangaya equlekile noma ukufa.

Ukutheleleka: amagciwane?

Yiziphi amagciwane e abantu? Amagama cishe ukusho okuthile ongelutho, kodwa kumelwe ukuhlukanisa phakathi izifo ezinhlobo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Zombili lezi zinhlobo zezindlu ukutheleleka izimbangela Ukuwohloka zezempilo kanye nentuthuko izifo ezihlukahlukene. Nokho, kukhona umehluko phakathi kwabo. igciwane lohlobo, uthi igama lakhe iqala imiphumela emzimbeni igciwane - komncane kunabo intracellular ejenti kokuba fana ncane than amagciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuba igobolondo ovikelayo, okusho ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuba abhubhise. Igciwane ingena kwengqamuzana ephilayo, futhi luhlanganisa amalungiselelo ayo kwezakhi zofuzo zayo. Amagciwane ezinjalo izinhlayiya ze-non-amaselula kanye kudingeka amaseli ongaziwa zokukhiqiza. Uma uyazibuza yiziphi amagciwane, amagama ozosithola kulesi sihloko, cishe, uyokhomba nawe kumasayithi main ukutheleleka. Lokhu ekhaleni, emphinjeni kanye engenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula. Izinhlobo zamagciwane kungabangela kokubili imikhuhlane ezivamile ne-AIDS.

Ukuqala isifo esibangelwe igciwane, namagciwane abangela izifo kufanele bathole ukufinyelela ingaphakathi lomzimba ngokusebenzisa amanzi angcolile, ukusikeka isikhumba noma ukuthintana nomuntu onegciwane noma izinto kungangcoli. Omunye umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi izinhlobo ezimbili ukutheleleka ukuthi amagciwane angangena emzimbeni ngokuxhumana nezinto ezingaphili, kuhlanganise izibambo zomnyango futhi itafula eziqongweni, futhi amagciwane - cha. Omunye umehluko Uyinhloboni we silwanyana: igciwane kuyinto cell futhi liphindaphindeke ukwahlukana, kuyilapho igciwane ufa ngaphandle ngumnikazi - yenethiwekhi. Ngokuvamile ama-bacterium ufake umzimba ngokusebenzisa ipheshana zokuphefumula noma ipheshana emathunjini. Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane abanaso (njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, pharyngitis acute - emphinjeni strep).

Isizathu sokuba izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane

Umbuzo lokho amagciwane ungumuntu sibi kakhulu ngoba amangqamuzana omuntu singangena kubo. Lapho edalulwa ohlelweni igciwane kuyizinhlayiyana sokuzivikela ezama ukonakalisa umthombo ingozi bese uphuma nesigqi babezizwe emzimbeni.

amasosha omzimba Kwehliswe ivumela igciwane ngokushesha babiza amaseli etholakalayo. A ababuthakathaka izivikeli mzimba futhi kunomthelela kabusha igciwane, kuze yesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba akakwazi ukubhekana amagciwane.