Unesimila ebuchosheni ezinganeni, 4 esiteji. Izimbangela, izimpawu, izimpawu, onalesi sifo. ukwelashwa unesimila ebuchosheni ingane

Unesimila ebuchosheni - a umdlavuza nonozwela isimiso sezinzwa. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu sifo sitholakale izingane ezincane. Isikhathi esijwayelekile ukuthola yayo kwandisa amathuba okuthi ukululama ephelele. Kusukela mathiriyeli lo sihloko uzofunda izimbangela eziyisisekelo lesi sifo, yini izimpawu kuhambisana, lapho ukwelashwa liyadingeka.

Amazing ubunjalo unesimila ebuchosheni e ingane

Unesimila ebuchosheni - ezivamile Ithumba okwahlonzwa uhlamvu. It seyihlanganisa 15% azo zonke izigameko izimila kwesikhathi ezisanda kubelethwa kanye ingane isencane. Ochwepheshe ngokuvamile kwembula isimila ezinganeni kuya eminyakeni emihlanu, kodwa kukhona amacala sifo indlela intsha eziphatha 11 ngisho iminyaka engu-15. Ngokukhula ukukhula komntwana kungenzeka ukubhekana nalesi sifo esikhohlisayo kuyehla njalo ngonyaka.

Ukuvuvukala neuroblasts, ngokusho kodokotela, ke sinikezwe zinamakhono amangalisayo. Kuyinto nolaka ikakhulukazi futhi athambekele Ukudlulela kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba. Ngokuvamile uhlushwa umsebenzi wayo ithambo futhi uhlelo lymph. Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela fixed neuroblast ukukhula foci division yabo lapho kumiswa okwalandela izimila. Wayeqale metastasizes ke sokumisa ukuthuthukiswa yayo bese uthoma abaphindela. Komdlavuza lomunye uhlobo libhekene izimpawu ezinjalo.

Brain unesimila ebuchosheni ezinganeni yaqale uphenyo ososayensi evela eJalimane, Rudolfom Virhovym ngo-1865. Udokotela esibizwa isimila "glioma." A kwamashumi eminyaka embalwa kamuva usosayensi American Dzheyms Rayt lucwaningwa kabanzi neoplasm futhi zichazwe ngokuningiliziwe inqubo lasungulwa.

Izigaba ukuthuthukiswa unesimila ebuchosheni

Njenganoma iyiphi enye izimila umdlavuza, unesimila ebuchosheni ezinganeni egcina izigaba eziningana ukuthuthukiswa ezivamile, njengoba kuchazwe ikuvumela ukwabela ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo:

• Isigaba 1 libhekene khona izimila resectable kabani usayizi ingeqi 5 cm, futhi ukungabi khona-lymph node metastases.
• Isinyathelo 2A. Ubufakazi izimila ezindaweni ezithile, amaningi awo nokususwa.
• Isinyathelo 2B. Lymph node metastases zenzeka unilaterally.
• Isinyathelo 3. Libhekene ukubukeka izimila zamazwe amabili.
• Isinyathelo 4 (A-B). Neoplasm ikhula, kukhona Ukudlulela ukuba ISIZINDA umnkantsha, isibindi kanye lymph.

Kufanele futhi ucabangele indlela esigabeni yokugcina ekuthuthukiseni unesimila ebuchosheni ezinganeni. Isinyathelo 4 kuyahluka hhayi eyinqaba begazi izici neoplasias ukuphumula, has a Izibikezelo ezinhle, futhi uma ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi inika isilinganiso lokusinda okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu yentuthuko isimila

Unesimila ebuchosheni, kanye nezinye izinhlobo umdlavuza, eba ku isizinda ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo e umzimba. Okwamanje, izazi Awukwazi ukusho ukuthi ke kuphakamisa lezi zinguquko. Kusolwa ukuthi indima eyadlalwa okuthiwa izici umdlavuza, okungukuthi, amakhemikhali nemisebe. I kwaphumela kuguquka amaseli aqale ukwanda, ukwakha isimila. neoplasm Ebulalayo libhekene ikhono ukwabelana liwuhlukanise kusukela ingozi.

Ngokuguqula izakhi ingqondo kumiswa unesimila ebuchosheni kuphakama esikhathini wokukhula kwengane esiswini noma ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane. Ngakho-ke, iziguli eziningi kakhulu - grudnichki. Umsuka wegama isimila iqala neuroblasts. Lokhu beya ezinzwa, okuyinto akhiwa ku-fetus ngesikhatsi ngendlela intrauterine. Ngokuhamba evamile yokukhulelwa neuroblasts iqalise umsebenzi izinzwa noma amaseli banesibopho kumiswa nezindlala adrenal.

iningi labo kakade kwakheka nesikhathi sokuzalwa sengane. ngokuvamile amaseli beya zinyamalale. Lapho inqubo zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo neuroblasts ngalesi kukufake isimila. Ubufakazi kuphela umdlavuza isici - yofuzo. Nokho, ingozi nesifo esiwufuzo ingeqi 2%.

Ngokuvamile, odokotela ukuxilonga unesimila ebuchosheni retroperitoneal, endaweni ozithandayo lapho kwasendaweni - nezindlala adrenal. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi isimila ezingase ziphakame noma kuphi emzimbeni. unesimila ebuchosheni Retroperitoneal ezinganeni zenzeka 50% izimo, engu-30% eziguli athuthukile isimila Izigaxana Izinzwa esifundeni lumbar, asele 20% ukukhetha ngenxa kwasendaweni wesibeletho thoracic.

Kanjani isimila?

Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala inqubo zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo izimpawu eziqondene ningagcini. Ngakho-ke, isimila nje ukuthi kuhlale kubonakala ngoba ezinye izifo ezithile kuleli qembu lobudala.

Izimpawu unesimila ebuchosheni ezinganeni zenzeka kuye esikhundleni kwasendaweni izimila, izindawo ukusabalala metastatic kanye nezinga izinto vasoactive. Ngokuvamile, eyinhloko isimila engeyokuqala kuyinto esikhaleni retroperitoneal, ngokunembile e nezindlala adrenal. Ezimweni ezingavamile, itholakala entanyeni noma mediastinum.

Kanjani unesimila ebuchosheni ezinganeni? Izimpawu zesifo zibangelwa ukukhishwa kwama-hormone ngu amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma izimila ingcindezi njalo eyodwa noma nezinye umzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi ekukhuleni kwayo kuthinta ukusebenza amathumbu esinyeni. Ngenxa kokucindezelwa yegazi ezigulini kwenzeka scrotum futhi aphansi emkhawulweni edema.

izindawo ngokubomvu noma bluish esikhumbeni futhi izimpawu of unesimila ebuchosheni ezinganeni. Umbala wawo ubonisa ukuhileleka inqubo zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo epidermal amaseli. Nge Ukungena yesimila ngqo umnkantsha of ingane iba buthakathaka, ngokuvamile ogulayo. Kulokhu, ngisho nenxeba ezincane kungaholela ukopha ebanzi.

Lapho iqaphela izimpawu unesimila ebuchosheni, abazali kufanele kudokotela. ukuthola umdlavuza ngendlela efanele usaqala kungasindisa impilo yengane yakho.

unesimila ebuchosheni Retroperitoneal

Neoplasm Lokudabuka neurogenic kwezicubu ezenzeka isikhala retroperitoneal, libhekene ukukhula ngesivinini. Ngesikhashana nje, lihlaba ku umsele umgogodla, ukwakha ukungaguquguquki obukhulu yesimila, okungase ukutholwa palpation.

Unesimila ebuchosheni we ndlala adrenal ezinganeni ekuqaleni asinazo izimpawu ezithile aze afinyelele usayizi umxhwele futhi iqala ukunamathisela ezicutshini ezincikene nawo. Yiziphi izimpawu isimila luvele obala?

1. Ukuba khona ukwakheka obukhulu kule komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu.
2. Ukuvuvukala umzimba wonke.
3. Ukungakhululeki kanye nobuhlungu esifundeni lumbar.
4. Ukuncipha komzimba.
5. Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa.
6. Izinguquko Ezenzeka izinkomba igazi obufakazela igazi.
7. Ukuba ndikindiki, ukukhubazeka yezingalo nemilenze aphansi.
8. Ukucasula amakhono nemisebenzi yokusetshenziswa pheshana emathunjini bese uhlelo urinary.

Okunye kwasendaweni neurogenic umsuka izimila

Unesimila ebuchosheni posterior mediastinum ezinganeni kuhambisana abukhali kwesisindo, nobunzima ukugwinya, ukuphazamiseka umsebenzi zokuphefumula. Kwezinye izimo, lesi sifo kuholela ushintsho ukuma esifubeni.

Izimila zaglazno isikhala ezingajwayelekile kakhulu, kodwa ukwazi okwengeziwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bonke izibonakaliso inqubo sokugembula ebonakalayo ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama. Neoplasm libhekene ukubonakala amnyama phezu iso, okuyinto ifana yayiyolimaza evamile. Olunye uphawu lehliselwa unesimila ebuchosheni ijwabu leso. Ihlanganisa i inhlamvu yeso ngendlela ephambene neyemvelo bulging.

amafomu neuroblastomas

Ngezinye ochwepheshe samanje ukuhlukanisa unesimila ebuchosheni amafomu ezine, ngasinye elinendawo ezithile futhi kwasendaweni izici ehlukile.

• Medulloblastoma. Neoplasm kuvela ekujuleni cerebellum, yingakho-ke asikwazi isuswe ngu ukuhlinzwa. I zokugula libhekene Ukudlulela okusheshayo. Izimpawu zokuqala umdlavuza avele incoordination.
• Retinoblastoma. Lokhu kuwuphawu lwesimila umdlavuza esithinta retina yeso seziguli ezisencane. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela ukwelashwa kuholela Imininingwane ubumpumputhe kanye nobuchopho metastases.
• Neyrofibrosarkoma. Lokhu kuwuphawu lwesimila itholakala ngaphakathi komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu.
• Simpatoblastoma. Lokhu Ithumba abulalayo, okuyinto "ekhaya" yakhe ukukhethela nozwela isimiso sezinzwa futhi nezindlala adrenal. Neoplasm kwakheka ku-fetus ngesikhatsi ngendlela intrauterine. Ngenxa ukwanda okusheshayo emgogodleni okungenzeka bahlukunyezwe ngobukhulu simpatoblastomy lokho kusho ukukhubazeka.

Indlela ukuqaphela unesimila ebuchosheni?

Ekuqaleni, lo dokotela utjho uphethwe esolwa 'unesimila ebuchosheni' ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nomchamo. Ezinganeni, izimpawu zalesi sifo zifana nezinye izifo, futhi laboratory ukuhlolwa materials yemvelo aqede ezinye izimbangela. Emazinga lasetulu hormone catecholamine umchamo kubonisa khona umdlavuza.

Ukuze ubone ukuthi ubukhulu yesimila, kwasendaweni yayo seziguli ezisencane ebekiwe CT, ultrasound futhi i-MRI. Indlela okubalulekile biopsy zokuxilonga. Phakathi nale nqubo, onguchwepheshe kwenza amangqamuzana omdlavuza kocingo okwalandela laboratory luhlolo, ukuhlaziywa histological.

Ngokusekelwe imiphumela yokuhlolwa udokotela eba amacebo yokwelashwa, inikeza isiqondiso on ekwelapheni kanye indlela yokuphila isiguli.

ongakhetha yokwelapha

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa unesimila ebuchosheni e umntwana ngokuvamile ehilelekile amaningi umnyango onguchwepheshe Oncology (himioterapevt, udokotela ohlinzayo, radiologist). Ngemva kokutadisha izici isimila, odokotela bayatfutfuka amacebo ngembubhiso. It kuncike kanjani isimila aphendvule imisebenzi eyenziwa, futhi isibikezelo ngesikhathi uphethwe wokugcina.

Ngokuvamile, ekwelapheni unesimila ebuchosheni ezinganeni kuhlanganisa izindlela ezilandelayo:

1. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Le nqubo ihilela isingeniso kwemishanguzo elwa umdlavuza ngesikhathi izikimu eziklanyelwe. Amalungiselelo nomphumela olimazayo amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ezinye ekuvimbeleni ukwanda kwabo. Nabo abathintekayo nezinye izingxenye zomzimba, okuholela ezivamile side effects (nezinwele, isicanucanu, uhudo). Ukuphumelela yokwelapha luyanda izikhathi eziningana ngokuhlanganyela ukufakelwa of umnkantsha.
2. ukwelashwa Steel kuhilela ukususwa izimila. Ngaphambi ukusebenza sisetshenziswa ngamakhemikhali. It ikuvumela ukubambezela isimila ukukhula imbangela ekuhlehleni ka metastases. Admissibility ukuqedela ukususwa kwawo kuxhomeke kulokho indawo kanye nosayizi. Isimila indawo encane eseduze emgogodleni, okwenza kokungenela okuyingozi kakhulu.
3. ukwelashwa ngemisebe zokwelapha zanamuhla kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa. Kuyinto ngokuya eminyakeni yamuva esikhundleni ukuhlinzwa kanye emisebeni akuphephile futhi athwala usongo ezithile ekuphileni komntwana. ukwelashwa ngemisebe Kunconywa ngokuqinile ubufakazi, uma kukhona kahle eliphansi ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa, esimweni unesimila ebuchosheni unresectable ezinganeni.

Ukudla obukhethekile uphethwe iziguli ezincane aluboniswa. Abazali abaningi uzama ukubhekana zonke izinhlobo izindlela zokuphila of Chad, ulungise ekudleni kwakhe. It is wafakazela ukuthi ezinye imikhiqizo noma, ngokunembile, izinto eziqukethwe kubo, ukwandisa umzimba ozivikela futhi ngokuphawulekayo zinqanda ukukhula izimila. Izinto ezinjalo zihlanganisa zinc, insimbi, betaine, amavithamini ahlukahlukene. Bacebile in ezisawolintshi izithelo, imifino abasha, izaqathe, ithanga.

Impumelelo iyiphi indlela yokwelapha kuncike unesimila ebuchosheni indlela enkulu ezinganeni. Izimbangela isifo nesigaba isifo futhi ibalulekile. Ukusetshenziswa izindlela ezinkulu kusaqalwa isimila kumiswa unikeza ithemba ukululama ngokugcwele. Nokho, lokhu awusho isiguli encane ku yokuvakashela udokotela wedlula luhlolo ukuze kuvinjelwe ekuphindekeni kungenzeka.

Okungenzeka yokutakula yokugcina is hhayi ngaphandle esinyathelweni sesibili, inqobo nje uma i-umsebenzi kuphumelele, ngelashwa nangemithi.

kuphakama izinkinga ezithile emabangeni yokugcina yale zokugula njengoba unesimila ebuchosheni. Izingane 4 isigaba se umdlavuza ngokuvamile uhambisana izibikezelo esidumazayo. Ukushiyeka kungenzeka emva ukukhishwa kwe-isimila, ku isizinda ezibonakala yokutakula. Isizukulwane esisha se-imvelo abulalayo is lubohlo endaweni efanayo lapho kwaba ngaphambi. Isibikezelo ngoba lesi sinyathelo-20% sokusinda iminyaka emihlanu. Kulokhu, konke kuncike ukuqeqeshwa ongoti, ukutholakala imishini kwezokwelapha kunesidingo.

ukuba nombono ongafani ngeke

Ngemva olunzulu ukwelashwa Oncology Izibikezelo ngeziguli eziningi sisihle. Izingane nge yenziwe yaba yasendaweni isimila inqubo, odokotela bathi kungenzeka alulame ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokuphathelene nalesi sigaba iziguli, isimila inganyamalala ngisho ngaphandle ukuhlinzwa, kodwa ukwelashwa olunzulu wezokwelapha kulesi simo Kuphoqelekile. Ezinganeni ezindala, kokuba walendlala isimila, amathuba okuthi ukululama ephelele aphansi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimila kungaba ziyabuya.

Umphumela yokwelashwa ngokuvamile udlala indima unesimila ebuchosheni yesibili ezinganeni. Ukugxila kulesi simo akuyona ukuzenza athandeke. Ithumba zingavela futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, kuhlanganise ngemva yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Lolu hlobo nemithelela kwezokwelapha ukubizwa ngokuthi ngasekupheleni engemihle. Yingakho zonke iziguli ngaphandle kokukhetha, ngemuva Yiqiniso yokwelapha Kunconywa odokotela njalo saphawula.

izinyathelo

Odokotela ungayeki noma yiziphi izincomo ethize ekuvimbeleni ukukhumuzeka bemvelo abulalayo yesimila kanye izizathu lasungulwa Namanje ayiqondakali kahle, ngaphandle kwe-kufanele nezici ezithile sitholwa njengefa. Uma izihlobo eduze okwake kwadingeka abhekane nale esikhohlisayo kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini phakathi ukuhlela sokukhulelwa kuyinto efiselekayo khona yokubonisana of isazi sezakhi zofuzo doctor-. kungenzeka ukukusiza ukugwema iziphazamiso ezazingase zibe esizayo ezihlobene ne-ukuzalwa komntwana okungenampilo.

Ngeshwa, umdlavuza manje ngokuya kutholakala seziguli ezisencane kungekho unesimila ebuchosheni ngaphandle ezinganeni. Photo zokugula ingatholakala ezikhethekile yezokwelapha izincwadi. Izindlela lokuvikela, odokotela abakwazi ukunikeza ngenxa okungacaci omsakazo egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Lapho izimpawu eziyinhloko ngasocansini yalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lodokotela. Kuphela ngemva kokuba ephelele kokuhlaziywa zokuxilonga onganquma okufanele ukwenze umlingisi izimila kanye ukuthuthukisa okuyisibonelo isu ukwelashwa. I uchwepheshe ngaphambili izoqinisekisa uphethwe wokugcina, amathuba ukuba umuntu alulame ngokugcwele kangcono. Hlala uphilile!