Izindiza Russian WWII. Le ndiza wokuqala Russian

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics phakathi nempi ikhuphuke kakhulu futhi base izimoto yabo iba ngcono. Uma ku namathathu banesifo esibi njengengxenye ngoxhaxha yayibuswa izindiza ukwakhiwa angaphandle, ukuze phakathi kwempi yayibuswa Russian izindiza zempi.

Okudingeka sokuthuthukiswa Soviet zezindiza wezempi

Ukwakhiwa we-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, wagabadela ukuzimela egcwele kunoma yiliphi elinye lamagatsha, kungaba ezimbonini, kwezolimo noma wezempi. Nokho, ngezinye kwalapho kuhlangana khona eko kanye namathathu banesifo esibi izindiza imikhumbi izindiza okungenisiwe. A izindiza Russian abangu kuphela esungulwe ANT 2 kanye ANT-9 ukukhiqizwa design Tupolev. Izinkinga aviavooruzheniya iRed Army bangaleso sikhathi babesebenza kuyo:

- onobuhle ephelelwe yisikhathi izimoto;

- esibi lwezobuchwepheshe kwendiza;

- neunifitsirovannost (ukusabalala esikhulu amamodeli nemikhiqizo ungavumeli nokwandisa esikhululekile izingxenye egciniwe).

Kumiswa izindiza zempi phambi Umhlaba

Ngaphawula ushintsho oluhle embonini nalapho kumiswa YaseMoscow Aviation Institute. Ukuvela isiteji sezemfundo wanika nokwanda okuphawulekayo inani ongoti izimboni izindiza kanye nomklamo bureau.

Uhulumeni waseSoviet ukutshala human resources kakhudlwana futhi yezezimali izindiza Russian. Kakade for the abakhiqizi yesibili pre-impi yeminyaka emihlanu izindiza kwadingeka production ebanzi egcwele umjikelezo isisekelo. It wenza umsebenzi Jikelele uNobhala Stalin ukwakha zezindiza yesimanje. Maphakathi nawo-namathathu banesifo esibi last indiza yokuhlola ye idelakufa lokuqala Soviet, kufihlwe ngaphansi umkhumbi ezokuthutha zomphakathi kunokuba aye empini. Indiza yokuqala Russian, okuyinto ke nengxenye ekulweni e iMpi Yezwe II, abashayeli bezindiza abaqeqeshwe njengezithunywa Levanevsky, Vodop'yanov, Grizodubov nabanye.

fighters Izivivinyo nazo olwenziwa phesheya. Ngokwesibonelo, eSpain ngo-1937. Khona-ke le ndiza Polikarpov Kuye ihlolwe, umkhiqizo futhi mina-16 Mina-15. Nokho, imiphumela ledvumatako. Imishini kakhulu walahlekelwa izimbangi zayo German.

Stalin akazange ukuhlala phezu umklomelo kanye nemithombo yolwazi zabelwe abaklami bezindiza Russian. Fighters ithole radioosnastku, kanye ngokuthuthukisa imiklamo emisha materials science elixutshwe, okuyinto ngcono kakhulu izici ukusebenza izimoto ukulwa.

Aircraft ngaphambi kwempi

libonisa ngokucacile isimo pre-impi zezindiza impi umkhakha ukusebenza Defense Commissar Voroshilov phezu plenum iKomiti Central ngoMashi 1939. Embikweni wakhe wachaza nokwanda okuphawulekayo of Aviation zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ikakhulu, i-Air Force, njengoba kuqhathaniswa nonyaka 1934, ukwanda yonyaka amaphesenti 138 ka. Inani bezindiza liye landa ngamaphesenti izikhathi 1.3.

Inani labantu okufanele lifinyelelwe. Ekuhlaseleni kanye ningatholakala

Ukugcizelela okukhulu kubekwa zamabhomu. Kukholakala ukuthi iyona ikhadi trump ekulweni amasosha Western. Ngakho-ke, zamabhomu esesikhundleni iphesenti yemikhumbi. Ipaki fighters tiphindze kukhuphuke ngo izikhathi 2.5.

Ngezithukuthuku abaklami bezindiza Russian bafakwa ezingeni elibalulekile entsha. Kube Kuye asethuthukile futhi wasungula le izinjini M-25 amandla 715 amahhashi emoyeni Ukupholisa nomthamo 100 M-750 amahhashi, ukusebenzisa i aqueous Ukupholisa uhlelo. Ubuningi engamamitha izindiza futhi anda futhi baba izinkulungwane 14-15 amamitha. Aircraft babé nomzimba obushelelezi, kwehle ukumelana air apparatuses. ukukhula Production siye sathuthukisa ukwethulwa ukusakaza futhi nginyathela ekubumbeni.

Ngu 1941, zavela eSoviet Union fighter aircraft zazibhekwa yimpumelelo kakhulu MIG, Yak futhi LAGG. Inkinga wayebhekwa njengoba IL-2, okuyinto njalo olusha. Ngokusho isu "Clean Sky", kuhlelelwe ukukhululwa emhlabeni 100,000 izindiza SU-2, okuyiwona ucingo ngendlela engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili emoyeni amabutho owawuse.

Ukugqashuka kwempi

Yokuqala 8:00 amaJalimane ehlasela izindiza eSoviet Union 1200 Soviet yacekelwa phansi, kuhlanganise airfields eziningana nazo zonke izitolo. Engxenyeni yokuqala konyaka Luftwaffe wabusa Soviet. Izindiza mina-15, mina-16 ngokuyisisekelo ilahlekelwa zakamuva undlovukayiphikiswa "Messerschmidt" futhi "Junker". Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho izindiza ezindala uyakwazi ukufeza ukunqoba aviaduelyah. Ukuze inyanga izindiza Russian wabhubhisa 1,300 emoyeni amayunithi German.
Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, ukukhiqizwa ubutha izindiza yawela ocishe uphindwe kane. Kwakuhlangene yokuthi amaJalimane wasondela eMoscow, baphoqa esiphuthumayo izindawo abalulekile ukukhiqizwa, okuyinto ukukhiqiza izingxenye ngemboni zezindiza. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1941 uhlelo ukwenziwa zonke izinhlobo izindiza zempi senziwa ngamaphesenti angu-40 kuphela.

Nge kwethulwa bashiye amabhizinisi isimo lithuthukile kakhulu, futhi ngo-1944 zezindiza wathola ukulwa izimoto mayelana 100 nsuku zonke. Yesimanje ithole ngokuphelele zonke izinhlobo. Kusukela ngcono ukunikeza jak-3, LA-5, IL-10, PE-2, jak-9.

amazinga Ukukhula kungenziwa zilandelwa unyaka nonyaka:

- 1942 - 25 400 izimoto.

- 1943 - 34 900 izimoto.

- 1944 - 40 300 izimoto.

Ngo-1944, iSoviet Union kwakuphakeme eJalimane lobuNazi kunombolo izindiza izikhathi 2.7. Esinye isizathu ijubane inhlangano. Umklamo fighters yethu laliyisidala okungaphezu kwalokho abakhiqizi German futhi American. Yiqiniso, ngaso sonke isikhathi ikhwalithi aviaproduktsii kwaba esivuna Soviet izindiza umkhakha.

izindiza Russian WWII. SS2

Umshini yasungulwa ngo-1937 e-Tupolev design bureau eliholwa Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi. Ekuqaleni, le ndiza wabizwa ngokuthi "eduze-1 Bomber" futhi ekhishelwe M-88 motor 1100 amahhashi. Su-2 ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi izitshalo ezintathu. Ijubane ukundiza Su-2 - ezingaphezu kuka-490 km / h futhi engamamitha kuyinto 6000 amamitha. Esikebheni kwakuneqembu sathathwa 6 izibhamu. Ibhomu umthwalo SS2 nhlobonhlobo.

SU-2 - omunye webhomu waqale wangena empini. It wenza ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi. Kwatsi emva kwaloko ethuthukisiwe ukuze SU-4.

Yak-9

Fighters iqhaza e seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, kangakanani ukunikeza zalolu hlobo locingo. Ngisho noma siqhathanisa isithombe izindiza Russian Yak-9 inezidingo isitayela yayo yangaphandle. Lwakhiwe ngo-1942. Ngesisekelo kwaba Yak-7b. Ngu esikhundleni izingxenye zokhuni aluminium iye kakhulu ziyancipha isisindo ukulwa. I kwezikhali ebhodini kwakuba nzima machine gun futhi inganono. Le ndiza kwadingeka kakhulu handling izimfanelo, ezazinamandla kahle futhi kwaba lula ukusebenza. Wabuye won onobuhle owedlule ngesikhathi ngesivinini esiphezulu futhi ezahlukene. Lezi zinkomba kwaba irekhodi lazo zonke 1944 ekilasini ndiza. Zonke lezi izakhiwo uvumele mpi ehloniphekile ne ehola izindiza zempi lesitha.
ukukhiqizwa Aircraft kwenziwa Eminyakeni embalwa ngemva kokuba kwaphela impi. Futhi badedelwa izimoto zempi mayelana 16.800 ezinguqulweni eziningana.