Izikhangibavakashi e Petersburg: litje lesikhumbuto abavikeli nobuqhawe Leningrad Ngokunqoba Square

Minyaka yonke izivakashi ezingaphezu kuka-5 million ukuza Petersburg. Isikhumbuzo kuya wamaqhawe Abavikeli kweLeningrad uhlu ezikhangayo izivakashi we dolobha enyakatho ukuhanjelwa yileli ezimatasa. Isakhiwo lamiswao yokudumisa iminyaka engu-30 ukunqoba Soviet phezu amaNazi abantu. Lisitshela izivakashi mayelana nekhasi ebanga usizi kunazo zonke emlandweni Leningrad - ngosuku-900 Ukuvinjezelwa komuzi futhi intuthuko yayo nobuqhawe.

okusho lesikhumbuzo

Leningrad - idolobha, okuyinto wayemiselwe ukuzwa ezethusayo umsebenzi amaNazi. Kwake kwathi ngo-inhlasi nokuvinjelwa, ke imizamo Amazing bendawo wakwazi ukuba ngikhuthazele futhi sehlulwe isitha. Ukuvinjezelwa komuzi yathatha cishe 900 izinsuku lwaphuka ngoJanuwari 1943 emva impumelelo amabutho aseSoviet "Iskra" msebenzi. Iqiniso lokuthi amangqamuzana ethu kwadingeka ukuba ezwe abakhileyo elula sizungezwe amabutho undlovukayiphikiswa, namuhla, bambalwa abantu abacabanga. Isikhumbuzo kuya wamaqhawe Abavikeli kweLeningrad e Victory Square ingenye yezindawo ezimbalwa sikhunjulwe yedolobha, okuyinto iminyaka leminyenti, igcina imemori kwenzeka le nhlekelele.

ukwakhiwa Ingemuva

Iqiniso lokuthi eLeningrad, kumelwe ukwakha lesikhumbuzo ukuze abavikeli emzini abahlaseli lamaNazi zeSoviet Union, baqala ukukhuluma kabanzi phakathi nempi. Kodwa kwadlula isikhathi eside ukuba aqaphele lo mbono akusebenzanga. Kuphela 60s neziphathimandla zedolobha kuhlulekile ukucacisa indawo okwakukhona linqobe ikusasa lesikhumbuzo. Zaba Ukunqoba Square (kuze 1962 yayibizwa ngokuthi Slingshot Central). Lokhu kukhetha senziwa hhayi ngaphandle isizathu, ngoba lapha phakathi empini kwakungu izimpi enzima kakhulu edolobheni.

Leningradites ngenkuthalo babesekela umbono wokuba ukwakha yisikhumbuzo kubantwana abavikeli komuzi ngesikhathi ukuvinjelwa ngisho idluliselwe ukonga sakhe isakhiwo imali. Special wavula le njongo State Bank akhawunti siqu. Isamba Ukudluliselwa zazihlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, imbongi Soviet M. A. Dudin efakwe ohlwini ukwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo ukuze imali for the inkondlo eshicilelwe ngo-1964, "Ingoma Crow Hill". Okungenani okwesikhathi eziyinkimbinkimbi yesikhumbuzo wakwazi ukuqoqa ruble ezingaphezu kuka-2 million, iSoviet, isakhiwo sayo esalibele isikhathi eside. On imincintiswano zokudala banikezwe amaphrojekthi amaningi lesikhumbuzo, kodwa ukukhetha ngokuhle kunakho konke kwawo akuzange kusebenze.

Sebenza ukwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo

On isidingo ukudala esikhumbuzo sabantwana abavikeli kweLeningrad waphinda ukhuluma kuphela 70s ekuseni. Esondela iminyaka engu-30 Ukunqoba Omkhulu, futhi ngale dethi kwakuhlelwe kunikezelwa lesikhumbuzo. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho umsebenzi evunywe umqophi M. Anikushin futhi abaklami S. Speransky futhi V Kamensky. Bonke waba nengxenye bevikela umuzi.

Isikhumbuzo kuya wamaqhawe Abavikeli kweLeningrad, isithombe ongawabona kulesi sihloko, kwaqalwa ngo-1974 ngu ekupheleni ehlobo ngesikhathi Victory Square wakwazi ukulungiselela umgodi omkhulu yisikhumbuzo futhi amaphuzu inqwaba. Kodwa nge ekuqaleni ekwindla, inhlangano aqala ukuhoxa abasebenzi abathintekayo ekwakhiweni lesikhumbuzo, ngakolunye izinto. Ukuze hhayi ukuphazamisa ukulethwa lesikhumbuzo ngesikhathi, baqala ukuheha amavolontiya isakhiwo sayo. Kusukela abafisa iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo kwakungekho ukukhululwa. Ngenxa yalokho, lesikhumbuzo wakhululwa ngesikhathi, futhi Meyi 9, 1975 labetibambile wokuvula yayo ayafana yini.

Incazelo izingxenye eziyinhloko eyinkimbinkimbi

Isikhumbuzo kuya wamaqhawe Abavikeli kweLeningrad Ngokunqoba Square inezingxenye eziningana. isihloko salo eliqoshiwe imitha-48 egwadle futhi 26 zethusi izibalo esibonisa Northern dolobha abavikeli abanesibindi (amasosha, amatilosi, bezindiza, izisebenzi zokuzithandela, sniping futhi t. D.). Ukuqopha Ukwakheka kuyinto enkulu ingxenye yesikhumbuzo. Kuphinde kuvule amehlo ukuze noma ubani nje oza Petersburg kusukela Pulkovo onguthelawayeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho lesikhumbuzo Itshe nomumo ihlanganisa Memorial Hall komhlaba, kanye pad kwangaphakathi. Le ngxenye akuyona kancane ezithakazelisayo kuka main.

Memorial Hall Museum kanye nayo endaweni ephansi

Thola iNQF Memorial Hall komhlaba, izinyathelo zingahlelwa esizeni. Lapha izivakashi ethulwa yamatshe ekhuluma ngokuphila eLeningrad amaNazi sizungezwe idolobha kanye breaking nokuvinjelwa. Memorial Hall kuyinto Museum. Izindonga zawo zikhanya 900 ithoshi-izibani (inani lezinsuku yenhloko-dolobha esenyakatho ukuvinjelwa). Phakathi ziphephile Museum zihlanganisa incwadi inkumbulo, ezazihlanganisa amagama izakhamuzi futhi amasosha abanikela ukuphila kwabo ukuze kukhululwe Leningrad. ihholo Underground lakhiwa iminyaka 3 emva kuvulwa tshe. Uthatha izivakashi 1978. Nakhu kufika izivakashi, izingane zesikole, abafundi, Veterans nabo bonke labo abanesithakazelo emlandweni Petersburg.

Ngemuva tshe ingaphansi (kwangaphakathi) isikhala. Nansi indlela yokwakheka ukubaza ngokuthi "ukuqapha", enezihlabani abesifazane amasosha aseSoviet, ukusekela izingane yokubulawa indlala. Isiteji ine uhlobo indandatho eziphukile, elifanekisela yokukhululwa nokuvinjelwa Leningrad. Yaqala imililo okuphakade elikhanyayo kumemori labantu abashone edolobheni ayezungezwe izitha.

oda ukuvakashelwa

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Isikhumbuzo kuya wamaqhawe Abavikeli kweLeningrad kuthatha izivakashi nsukuzonke. Hlola ingxenye aboveground ye isikhumbuzo khulula. Ukuvakashela eHholo Isikhumbuzo iningi imikhakha izakhamuzi ikhokhwe. Okuhlukile Veterans kanye nezingqalabutho ekhubazekile, namaqhawe kweSoviet Union, izingane zasenkulisa, izintandane, abafundi, abasebenzi Museum - emnyango Museum uhlale mahhala kubo. I ngamaholide bonke ungavakashela yisikhumbuzo khulula.