Lychakiv Amathuna eLvov, e-Ukraine. Incazelo, ukumbelwa abadumile

Lviv - elinye lamadolobha amahle kakhulu e-Ukraine, ngaphezu banezimfanelo isimo enhlokodolobha kwamasiko yezwe ingenye emhlabeni nakumasiko by UNESCO. Lokhu eyingqayizivele ngezinhlobo zawo, uMkhandlu uyingxenye yengcebo yangempela kwamasiko. gem esingenantengo Ngiqinisile emagugu emasiko kazwelonke Lychakiv emathuneni - omunye emathuneni ambalwa lasendulo kweziningi ezisekhona eYurophu.

imininingwane engokomlando Lokudabuka

Phakathi nekhulu le-14, edolobheni laseLviv yayibuswa yinkosi Polish Casimir III. Lokhu kuye kwathinta isithombe yomuzi waqala ukushintsha ngokushesha. Growing ingqalasizinda ezisemadolobheni: kukhona nezindawo zokucima ukoma, izindawo ejele futhi, yebo, amangcwaba.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi kwakubhekwa njengento evamile ukungcwaba abafileyo phansi lokuzehlukanisela - eduze amathempeli. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaba sobala ukuthi lesi endaweni kuletha izinkinga eziningi. Amangcwaba zitholakala iseduze ezindaweni okuhlalwa kuzo, sidale eziningi ezisongela ukuphila komuntu. Ngakho-ke, ngaleso sikhathi uMbusi UJoseph II ngo 1783, kwanqunywa ukuba ususe konke yokungcwaba prihramovye ngaphandle komuzi.

City Lions bagqekeza izingcezu eziningana, futhi wadala amangcwaba ezine. Izakhamuzi ingxenye yesine futhi isikhungo ithole omunye amangcwaba ubudala e Lychakova.

Amathuna got isimo salo olusemthethweni ngo-1786, kodwa yokungcwatshwa wenza ngaphambili. Ngokwezazi-mlando, ngisho ngekhulu weshumi nantathu kwakukhona kungcwatshwa abantu abafa phakathi ubhubhane isifo.

Njengoba abahlala kulesi sikhungo kwaba elite kakhulu ezisemadolobheni, akumangalisi ukuthi ngemva kwesikhashana amangcwaba waba yamathuna esemqoka yedolobha.

Umsuka kwegama

Amangcwaba ukuthi abizwa kanjalo ngenxa endaweni lapho uhlala. Le ngxenye Lviv sase sihlala kudala njengoba ngekhulu nanhlanu futhi kubhekwa likaPondo. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zindawo ngaleso sikhathi babeqinile izindwendwe belibangise iConstantinople. Umgwaqo owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi Hlyniany ngoba kwaholela ekubeni idolobha ngobumba. Qala walulama yakho kusukela eSangweni lakwa-Isigodlo itholakala lapha. Nokho, ingxenye yomgwaqo wabizwa ngokuthi Lychakivska sibonga igama sabantu bendawo.

Iphawula ngezimbangela umsuka wegama elithi "Lychakov" Izazi-mlando ziyaphikisana ngokuthi namuhla. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi lena inguqulo osontekile Lyuttsengof German lisuselwa egameni colonist German Lutz, ezaziphila lezi zitho. Abanye zithobele inguqulo ukuthi isizathu salokhu igama kwaba igama elithi "Lychakov". Ngalezo zinsuku, ngakho ngokuthi abantu abampofu, obani ababefaka Bast Ababazi bakha (emagxolweni esihlahla esihlahleni) izicathulo.

Igama lasendulo wanamathela, futhi manje ngaphezu emathuneni kangaka okuthiwa endaweni Lviv, epaki, esiteshini futhi kwesinye isitaladi.

Amangcwaba esikhathini sangaphambi wamavukelambuso

Kusukela wokuvula yayo esemthethweni kule ndawo zisuka wathola ngasese isimo elite. Lapha safuna ukuba zibone indawo yazo yokuphumula sokugcina Lviv abantu abadumile: osopolitiki, abaculi, izimbongi, abefundisi, nezinduna zempi, nabantu ocebile nje. Empeleni, kwaba ngenxa yemizamo yabo amangcwaba babeba Kunjengomnyuziyamu.

Ngo-1856, iziphathimandla zendawo wanquma ennoble zensimu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thina Umenyelwe abadumile ngaleso master nesikhathi engadini art: K. Bauer noT Thuzhevsky. Wizadi iguqula emathuneni, ukudala ithrekhi lapha, iindawo ezimazombe kanye eziningi zasemazweni. Manje sekuwumkhuba njengebandla ipaki elihle, 'avikele ubuhle babo ubunjalo engokwemvelo lezi zindawo.

Lychakiv Necropolis Ukuthandwa eyinqaba isibe enkulu kangangokuba kuze kwadingeka ukuba bandise izikhathi eziningana kuze kube yilapho efika kule ndawo samanje - 42 amahektha, esehlanganise 86 Amasimu.

Kamuva, kusukela embusweni belusizi sokufa epaki elilungisiwe yaguqulwa izimbali futhi ingadi aluhlaza, lapho ungakwazi ukuhamba futhi ujabulele indalo emangalisayo amakhosi Tadeusz Baronch noLeonard Marconi. Indawo ekhethekile ukuklanywa yamathuna kungokwalabo umndeni Shimzerov, Lviv wanika ezimbili izizukulwane Okugweda U-Anton Johann, kanye nenzalo yabo Yuliana Markovskogo, umlobi odumile "Sleeping phezu kombhede," usuye waba ibhizinisi ikhadi emathuneni. Kukhona ungajabulela abalilayo adumile Hartmann Witwer, ngokusebenzisa kabani ithalente isungule umfanekiso gravestones. Ezinye izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu bangcwatshwe lapha.

Amangcwaba: Legends

Crypts emathuneni, gravestones, amathuna ukuthi Ulapha, akuzona kuphela uhlobo Isikhumbuzo izimpilo zabantu ezahlukene noma imindeni yonke, kodwa futhi ukutshela eziningi izindaba.

Omunye wabo legend of Jozef Bachevsk, ngubani phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe abanakekela endaweni yakhe yokugcina yokuphumula. Umndeni wakhe iziphuzo eqinile futhi baba ngiyabonga abadumile kubo womhlaba wonke. ibhizinisi Special yabonisa uJózef Adamu, ogama lakhe Kuyaziwa kulo mkhakha ibhizinisi. Ekuqaleni wafika umngcwabo wakhe kusengaphambili ngokwakha indlwana ensimini ka Lychakiv emathuneni futhi yayala kudivayisi ezithakazelisayo. Mechanical irobhothi pohoronschik hhayi kuphela alethwe uJózef emathuneni, kodwa futhi ngokuzimela wamfaka lomngcwabo.

Enye indaba kuhilela lethuna engavamile. Lapha ku zombili ngokudayisa we emangalisayo Dr. Jozef Ivanovich ixazululwe izinja zakhe ezimbili - i-Pluto noNero. Wathembeka Kwaze Kwaba yinkosi yabo, futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe, baqhubeka naye emathuneni. Kukhona engabonakali nesizotha design amasayithi yayo enomlando ezithakazelisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, abanesibindi isosha ibutho Frantsishke Zaremba, eyaphunyuka ukufa empini, wayephila ukuphila kwakhe konke owathatha iminyaka 112.

ikhadi Original Lychakiv emathuneni ebaziwe waba intombazane ilele. Nale itshe eliyinhloko olusankondlo exhunywe indaba engaqondakali. Yuzefa Markovskaya aboniswe lapha wafa ngo-1877.

ukufa Okumangazayo futhi okungazelelwe yabangela amahemuhemu. Kukhona izinguqulo eziningana. Omunye wabo uthi Jozef kwaba umdlali waseshashalazini futhi vzhivshis e indima, wafa nje phakathi kwesizini. Esesibili - uthando mayelana unrequited intombazane, ngemuva kokufunda mayelana ukungathembeki komuntu esimthandayo, anobuthi. Le nguqulo lwesithathu lihlotshaniswa izingane ezifile, Jozef. Umthombo yesine liwumthombo Polish, othi indoda ungcwatshwe lapha - Stanislaw Zborowski.

Famous emlandweni wangcwatshwa lapha

Izindaba eziningi nama-legends elihlobene ne namuhla izindawo ongaqondakali ngakho efana amangcwaba. Ubani ungcwatshwe lapha esuka kubantu abadumile? Yiqiniso, phakathi kwazo nosaziwayo kakhulu isiko, isayensi nekhono Ukraine: umqambi wezingoma odumile nombhali "Vodogray" futhi "rue Red" - UVladimir Ivasjuk; imbongi kanye isibalo somphakathi Ivan Franko; Osip Turyansky abalobi kanye Mihail Rudnitsky; Ososayensi Vasily Maxim Levitsky futhi Umculo; mlando Isidor Sharanevich nabanye.

Futhi, ngaphezu Bakwethu lapha zingatholakala amathuna nabasePoland abadumile owayehlala e Lviv: kumbhali izindaba izingane emangalisayo sika Marii Konopnitskoy, isazi sezibalo Stefan Banach, umculi Arthur Grottgera, udokotela ohlinzayo edumile emhlabeni wonke - Lyudovika Ridigera, Sigmund Gorgolewski - izakhiwo nombhali Lviv Opera House, kanye nezinye eziningi isayensi ubuciko.

emathuneni yesikhumbuzo izakhiwo

Okuhlaba umxhwele nakakhulu kukhona nsimu enkulu kwamathuna mass. Amangcwaba (Lviv) iqukethe eziningana owaziwa yesikhumbuzo izakhiwo, aziwa emhlabeni wonke. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zazo:

• yisikhumbuzo elalinikezelwe amasosha bawa Ukraine National Army;
• Champ de Mars, lapho amanga ukungcwatshwa amasosha cishe izinkulungwane ezine Soviet owafa lapha phakathi neMpi Yezwe II,
• Lviv "eaglets", isikhumbuzo elalinikezelwe izisulu lapha iminyaka impi Ukraine-Polish abasha abezempi-the nabasePoland;
• Rebel Hill - kule ndawo bangcwatshwe abantu ababa nesandla nokuvukela wasePoland ohlala e-1863;
• Ethuneni, odade yokungcwaba oda Izigodlo.

Lviv amangcwaba "eaglets"

okuxoxwe nokubuyiselwa inkinga yokungcwaba ukuthi isikhathi eside, njengoba kwaba njalo nenkathi yamaSoviet (ngo-1971) ke kwaba cishe ubhujiswe. Ngemva Ukraine ithola uzibuse, iziphathimandla Polish wenza isiphakamiso ukwakha yisikhumbuzo lapha, ekubuyiseleni ukubhujiswa ngesihluku lendawo edume yokungcwaba Polish "eaglets". Ngakho ngokuthi abasha nabasePoland, ababa nesandla ekumeleleni Lviv walwa lapha phakathi nesikhathi sempi Polish-Ukraine. Enye igama lalo yokungcwaba - Lviv emathuneni abavikeli.

Ngo-2005, yesikhumbuzo ekugcineni abuyiselwe, sivulwe iqhaza baMazwe Ukraine nasePoland.

Sengqondo emathuneni

Insimu yesimanje Lychakiv emathuneni omkhulu, kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, konke axazulule kahle futhi ngokuvumelanayo. Uyakhonza izivakashi nge capstan itshe kocingo amasango, okuyizinto exhunyiwe Amabha kokuzihlanganisa. Ngokudlula kocingo, ungabona ezikhumbuzo eseduze nezindawo zokukhulekela, okuyinto zitholakala endaweni ezungezile ngaphambili endaweni futhi ohlangothini ezizungezile. Isivakashi zokugcina gone ibe amapaki ezijulile oluhlaza, efihla tombstones yobuciko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ephakama ku egqumeni elincane, ukuthi yizinto ezihlobene big indandatho komgwaqo, kusukela lapho igatsha off bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene ezizungezile eziningi, ukungena wonke amagumbi emathuneni.

Esemathuneni

Ungabi lapha - ngakho cha bheka omunye izinto ezimangalisayo komuzi. Ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-1990 Lychakiv emathuneni (Lviv) unikwe isimo Museum zomlando namasiko. Njengoba yaziwa, ibe yindawo engcono enjalo ukuzivakashela umhlahlandlela. Isidingo ebukhoneni yokugcina kungenxa yezizathu eziningana. Okokuqala, endaweni enkulu emathuneni, okuyinto okunzima ukuhambahamba ngosuku olulodwa. Okwesibili, kuyoba ithuba lokuzwa izindaba ezithakazelisayo zokuphila zabantu wangcwatshwa lapha.

Ukuvakashela emathuneni - kusukela abayisishiyagalolunye nesikhombisa. Abathandi injabulo nokuphathwa izipesheli Museum guided izinkambo ebusuku.

Namuhla, travel ejensi ngamasevisi abo ngiwanike labo uhambo olufushane edolobheni. Ujwayele zalo ezikhangayo ezihlanganisa yeshashalazi, iminyuziyamu, amasonto, kanye izinkambo amangcwaba.

Ukuthola lapho

Namuhla Lychakiv emathuneni endaweni ihlanganisa 42 amahektha umhlaba, akumangalisi ukuthi kulula ulahleke. Ngisho abakhileyo Lviv kungaba ukuziqhayisa yokuthi kahle ngamakhasimende emasimini 86 lapho manje amangcwaba itholakala. Kanjani ukuze uthole kule ndawo ezithakazelisayo, ungakwazi ukutshela izakhamuzi zedolobha abazimisele ukuba aphendule imibuzo efana izivakashi. Thola lapha singakwazi tram № 7 noma 2, engakafiki Mechnikova kuqala. Okulandelayo ukuya ngesango, elamiswa lapha ngo-1875, futhi uzothola izindlela eziningana. Sekuvele kukhona ukukhetha izivakashi wenza, noma ukucela usizo ukuze kuphathwe futhi ukubhuka uhambo noma ubhekane bebodwa ngosizo lwe-inthanethi, amabalazwe kanye esikuthandayo.

Amangcwaba - uhlobo idolobha lwabafileyo, ohlala ukuphila kwakhe. Njengabantu, lezi zindawo zizalwa, zikhule futhi bafe. Akuvamile ukuthola enjalo okuhlukile njengoba lokhu yamathuna. Umlando walo uya emuva eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amabili, futhi lokuhlushwa isiphetho izindaba, izinganekwane nezimangaliso ngezinye izikhathi eyisimanga.