Izici Macquarie Island: isikhundla womhlaba, imvelo nesimo sezulu

Eduze kwe-Australia has iziqhingi angamakhulu amaningana. Macquarie - omunye wabo. Lesi siqhingi lingenamuntu, it is kuhlale kuphela penguin zamanzi ezinoboya. Pro izici Macquarie Island , bheka kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Beka isiqhingi

Macquarie - kuyinto encane, indawo side komhlaba elwandle eliKhulu iPacific. Ngesimo kufana ichopho elingunxande ihlule. Ubude bayo 34 km, ububanzi 5 amakhilomitha. endaweni Macquarie Island 128 amakhilomitha square. Iphuzu esiphezulu ngaphezu kolwandle ifinyelela 420 amamitha.

Lwekuphatfwa ngalokuyimphumelelo, Macquarie iphathelene Tasmania, nakuba kuba 1,500 amakhilomitha away. Lesi siqhingi phakathi Tasmania futhi Antarctica. Mayelana 30 ukusuka Macquarie Island kukhona amaqembu amabili leziqhingi ezincane ezingaba: Ijaji futhi Mabhalane, uMbhishobhi kanye Mabhalane. Archipelago Bishop-no-umabhalane liyingxenye kwamanzi yokhalo wentaba-mlilo nokubalela ngokwendawo kungokwalabo Commonwealth of Australia. Kukhona njengendawo eseningizimu kakhulu e-Australia.

Izigidi edlule, ukungqubuzana zasePacific Indo-Australian zomhlaba amapuleti kwamanzi nomthelela ekwakhekeni ugema, ebusweni okuyinto Macquarie. Lesi siqhingi - a goldmine yangempela zesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba, ophiolite ngoba itholakala. Libuye endaweni kuphela olwandle lapho amadwala isiphuku aphume ashone phezulu ezingeni amanzi. Ngenxa isakhiwo layo eliyingqayizivele Geological Macquarie ivikelwe inhlangano UNESCO kusukela 1997.

indaba

Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi ezakhamuzi zokuqala ezahlala siqhingi kungaba basePolynesia ekhulwini XIII-XIV. Nokho, abukho ubufakazi ngqo lokhu, ngakho Laba lokuqala lase-Australia-Macquarie Island, kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi abaMhlophe. It, kungalindelekile, e 1810 wathola uFrederic Hasselboro, hamba kusesho kwendawo zamanzi. Ukuthola esiqhingini desert, a wamazwe waseBrithani umise ke njengoba indawo ye South Wales okuthiwa yokudumisa Welsh Leknela Governor Macquarie.

Ngo-1820, e-Arctic wamazwe Faddey Bellinsgauzen (owathola Antarctica) idale ibalazwe lokuqala Macquarie Island. Ukukhomba indawo ezweni elisanda kutholakala lapha idonse abazingeli penguins nezimpawu. inani izilwane Khona lehla iphuzu ezibucayi.

Ngo-1890, lesi siqhingi yanikwa Tasmania, noJohane Dweba yaqashiswa ngezinhloso ezimbonini. Ngo-1911 lesi siqhingi saba isisekelo Australian ucwaningo eviyweni, eliholwa Douglas Mawson. Kamuva, Macquarie baba inqolobane uhlobo iphethwe yi- Tasmania ngo-1972, wathola isimo isimo.

Lesi siqhingi sethiwa okukhulunywe ngawo encwadini "Ukuhamba futhi ukuzulazula olukude," eshicilelwe ngo-1912. Umbhali kuba Dzhon Tompson. Ngenxa umkhumbi, yena waqhubeka Macquarie, sahlala khona izinyanga mayelana 4. Ngokusho yetinsita Thompson bahamba ngomkhumbi baya esiqhingini ngoba ingcebo efihlekile.

Isimo sezulu ebesingesihle

Isimo sezulu sase-Macquarie Island akazange avumele British ekhulwini XIX ukusungula endaweni yokuhlala unomphela kuso. Ulwandle ezizungezile ukwenza sezulu okuwukuphela kwakhe kulesi siqhingi zazinzima kakhulu. It libhekene njengoba sub-Antarctic ezinomswakama. Lapha linqobe imimoya (ngokuvamile isiphepho), inkungu nemvula. Imvula yaminyaka yonke mayelana 1000 mm imvula.

cloudiness Namandla akuvumeli ukukhanya ukuze ifohle iye. Inani lamahora libalele ngonyaka lingaphansi 856 ngaphandle sibalo phakathi kweziqhingi okungokukaNkulunkulu kuphela Faroe Islands. Isilinganiso-zero lokushisa ngoJulayi degree angaba 4.9 futhi 6.5 degrees ngoNovemba lokushisa.

Ugu abushelelezi empumalanga kancane sihlehliswe nge coves nasemathekwini entshonalanga. coast Rocky balesi siqhingi futhi izixhobo kwamanzi ecashile. kwakhiwa Macquarie is by Amathafa amabili ohlangothini eningizimu nasenyakatho, okuyinto uxhuma Isthmus emathafeni. Ithafa itholakala endaweni engamamitha mayelana 100-200 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Umdala Intaba, Fletcher futhi Hamilton kuyinto iphuzu esiphezulu.

Izakhamuzi nesithombe-Macquarie Island

sezulu Abanonya amabanga amade uma liya esuka ezwekazini wenza lesi siqhingi ungakuvumeli ukuba ukuphila kwabantu. Okwamanje, labantu unomphela leso siqhingi abantu zero. Okukhishiwe abasebenzi ANARE ophilayo lapha okwesikhashana.

Lezi zakhamuzi zase-isiqhingi - kungcono penguins. Macquarie kubo kubantu obakhathalelayo 80 000 ayizinkulungwane. Nezilwane imelelwa sendawo Macquarie Island cormorants, sub-Antarctic zamanzi ezinoboya. zasolwandle abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene 13.

Izitshalo zinokuphila okunempilo Macquarie Island iyafana izimila sesihlasela ingxenye eseningizimu ye-New Zealand. Ngokuyinhloko, efanele utshani futhi ulele. Zemithi bengekho nhlobo, kodwa ngenkuthalo ezikhula zinhlobo izimbuku.

Umthelela womuntu

Minyaka yonke inombolo yezindawo yindoda is lincipha. Lesi siqhingi Australian ayekwazi ngalo, bavikela izimpahla zabo ngosizo izimo zemvelo nokhahlo. Kodwa lo muntu futhi kwaba khona.

Abantu abeza kulesi siqhingi, wamletha e amagundane, onogwaja namakati, okwaholela nenhlekelele samanje. Izilwane baqala ukudla izimila zendawo esiyingqayizivele, yawanciphisa pheze ngesiquntu. Lokho kubanika, kuye kwaholela ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi nokudilika kwenhlabathi. Cats wabhubhisa mayelana 60,000 izinyoni ngonyaka.

Ngo-2012, izilwane amazwe cishe asuswe isiqhingi. Ukuqeda onogwaja kwaba yinto okunzima kakhulu abanye abantu ngezinye izikhathi ukuthola futhi namanje.