Izibonelo bylinas. Amaqhawe epics Russian

Epics - uhlobo temdzabu engomeni futhi ngendlela engakaze ibonwe. Indaba yakhe ngokuvamile lakhelwe incazelo yanoma iyiphi izenzakalo engavamile esidlule noma iziqephu zomlando abalulekile. Amaqhawe Epos zahlukahlukene ngokwemvelo, kodwa amandla abo belambatha njalo ukulwa okubi. Izitha namaqhawe echazwe engengaphansi ezimibalabala, zonke uhlamvu - a villain ejwayelekile. Izibonelo yezinganekwane eziningi, kodwa abanye kudingeka ukuhlonza ngokuqondile, kuzoxoxwa ngawo kulesi sihloko.

Kanjani elithi tetemibhalo "amaqhawe"

Igama zamanje kwahlongozwa e 1839 by philologist Ivanom Saharovym, eyakhipha indaba yakhe ukuba zinyatheliswe emaphephandabeni "Izingoma abantu Russian." Ososayensi baye basebenzisa inkulumo ethi "i-nendumezulu", okusho ukuthi "ngokuvumelana namaqiniso." "Yiqiniso Story", "yangaphambili", "amaqhawe" - ukukhetha ngokolimi kuphumelele.

Ngokwesiko nendumezulu ihlukaniswe nowe ezimbili ezinkulu: Kiev futhi Novgorod. Uma ucabangela ubuningi ezihambisana izinhlamvu zokuqala ezinkulu, njengoba ubuswa izifundo, lapho izibalo dolobha negceke Kiev Prince uVladimir Sviatoslavovych futhi kamuva uVladimir Monomove.

Epic namaqhawe-namaqhawe yilezi: Ilya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich, Dobrynya Nikitich, Stavr Godinovich, Churilo Plenkovich, uMichael Potyk. Novgorod namaqhawe oludumile - ke umthengisi guslar Sadko futhi Vasily Buslaev iqhawe. "Omkhulu" Kiev namaqhawe - Mikula Selyaninovich, Svyatogor futhi iVolga.

ucwaningo ososayensi

Izibonelo epics zinezikhathi yokuthi kuze kube kwekhulu le-18, babengatshelwanga eqoshiwe. Iqoqo lokuqala ubuqambi Kirsa Danilova yasungulwa ngo eMoscow kuphela 1804. Kuphela ngemva kwalokho kulandele khiphani kwahambisana. On the wave isithakazelo Epos eminyakeni 1830-1850 Slavophil Kireevskiy Petr vasilevich ehlela ukuqoqwa okwandile temdzabu. Ngesikhashana nje yena nabasizi bakhe zalotshwa amakhulu yezinganekwane oludumile kuleli iVolga esifundeni kanye izifundazwe enyakatho, eSiberia futhi Urals ke. Umphumela leqembu labacwaningi waqala 80 izindaba.

Ngokuvamile, izibonelo Epos ukuthi systematized ngokuphelele ngesikhathi esifushane, futhi Philologists, ososayensi bakwazi ukusebenza nge impahla enkulu engakaze ibonwe. Lokhu kwabangela ukusetshenziswa temdzabu e dissertation nemisebenzi zezemfundo. Izibonelo esiphawuleka kunazo zonke lokusungula oludumile abantu abakhuluma isiRashiya ukuba ukuboniswa ezingeni lomhlaba wonke jikelele.

Iningi yezinganekwane oludumile babe isisekelo basezinganekwaneni echaza izinhlekelele zemvelo kanye nemvelo kakhulu heroes ekunqobeni nemiphumela yabo. Futhi ikwenze bengaphumeleli ngezinye izikhathi. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka amaningana, nendumezulu zonke indlela ongashintsha, ushintshe futhi shwabanisa. Ngesinye isikhathi, Legends exutshwe temdzabu ngomlomo West, kodwa yaphela ngo inhlamba, futhi imizamo enjalo qhubekani ukuyiveza. Ekugcineni Epos zilandelaniswe khona.

izimpawu isici

Kancane kancane yeqhawe wathatha temdzabu owaziwayo kanye indlela yokubhala izincwadi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwaba khona isitayela obucace kakhulu zezinkondlo ehlanganisa inhlanganisela dactyl nge ekwayeni, futhi kamuva nabase-anapests. Rhymes awuzange cishe, zonke esekelwe euphony yevesi futhi musicality yakhe. Ivesi epics kuhlukile "pobyvalschin" isethi bakudala phandle temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, okuyinto, njengoba art kungamukelwa nguwonkewonke. Uhlamvu yeqhawe bangempela uhlale ocebile nge ematfuba olusankondlo, egcwele epithets, allegories futhi ukuqhathanisa. Ngakho amavesi zicacile futhi enengqondo umsindo walo.

Ngokuvamile yeqhawe vesi ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Umlandzi ngokuhambisana lokuqala kwadingeka ukuba nezimo, ukwethula imibhalo njengoba emkhulu, kanti eyesibili ingxenye uphoqa ke ukulandela iphethini othize, ngokuvamile ukudlulisa okuqukethwe kule isethulo ngqo, ngaphandle kokushintsha igama elilodwa. Ngakho-ke etholwe KaMose ngamazwi, okuyinto ungabukeki yemvelo njalo. Okuningi kwakuxhomeke ithalente yemlandzi.

Ilya Muromets, hero of the oludumile

"... Waphila ngasedolobheni Moore, edolobhaneni Karacharovo ongumlimi ukukhula nobuqhawe, kodwa singakwazi ukuhamba, bonke phezu kwesitofu wayelele. Iqiniso lokuthi imilenze ungahambi, ukudabuka Ilya. Wezwa kubaphangi emigwaqweni abantu yokweba Dragon eRussia luhlaza, ngakho bonke amantombazane okulahlwayo ngokuphelele. kanjani ukusiza nasezweni lokuzalwa Ilya zonke balilile.

Yasiza izihambeli ukuthi waya ukuba baphuze amanzi. Pokoldovali yebo imilenze okuqoqiwe Ile Muromtsu, wasukuma, silushku yazuza engakaze ibonwe. Mina ngazithengela ihhashi ezinhle, emasculate, cwilisa amazolo ekuseni, futhi waba knight Ilya okufanayo eqinile ngakho okusheshayo.

Ilya bahlangana wabophela Burushku, kodwa ukhwele oda eRussia ukuqondisa, kodwa ubone. "

Sadko

temdzabu isiRashiya izindikimba ezihlukahlukene futhi zokuhlobisa. Heroes iwe esiqhingini, lapho Izinto Wild Are, ku emajukujukwini olwandle, lapho bebehlala khona elinde inkosi kolwandle nge mermaids.

Epic "Sadko" - one of the best imisebenzi yeqhawe. Lapho echaza wakhe wadala Rimsky-Korsakov elinegama elifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo amaqhawe "Sadko" bakhonza njengendikimba isiza umqondisi wamabhayisikobho Alexander Ptushko nge Sergei Stolyarov futhi Ingxubevange Larionovoy Starring.

"... Esikhathini Novograd ekhazimulayo kokubili waphila Sadko yomthengisi, ecebile, ebukeka kahle. Kukhona sebenzisa be kuphela ihabhu yakhe yarovchaty ontanga bamenywa ukudlala, ngakho wahlala. Yebo, kodwa lokho ngeke wambiza ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa, hhayi kabili, hhayi abathathu, wacabanga Sadko waya Ilmen echibini, wahlala phezu idwala elimhlophe-oluvuthayo, wathinta izintambo.

amagagasi amanzi Vzneslas wayihlaba inkosi yakwa-kolwandle. "Play Nice, Sadko kanjani ukunibonga Al yengcebo igolide Hamba-ka ukuthi Novograd futhi hit a mortgage omkhulu, lapho ingacamelisa golovushku zobudlova ngokumelene umkhiqizo yomthengisi obomvu, isabelo Yebo eqolo ngithi!? .. Ingabe, e Ilmen Lake igolide inhlanzi efana. mortgage buhlungu, woza waya ogwini nge seine kasilika. Ngizoninika ezintathu izimpaphe izinhlanzi-igolide. "

Novohradské abathengisi walahlekelwa yiyo yonke impahla yabo ebomvu Guslar Sadko, waba potorgovyvat ekutholeni inzuzo enkulu. abathengisi Rich, kodwa wabuya nezimpahla zabo obomvu. Waqala ukuphila entsha bengabangane bengcebo yabo. Futhi indlela Sadko wahlamba ngaphesheya kolwandle kodwa waletha umkakhe - kungenye indaba ... "

Knights iVolga futhi Mikula Selyaninovich

Phakathi izithombe Russian yeqhawe wathola namaqhawe ngubani bhunga abalandisi nevidanoy amandla, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo baphila kunezimo ezingavamile, ukufanisa amandla abo fabulous.

Epic "iVolga futhi Mikula" - elihle isibonelo abantu imisebenzi, elibonisa ukuthi namaqhawe Russian yeqhawe hlanganani ukulwa lokhu kuhlukunyezwa eRussia. Ngesikhathi izinkinga ubushiqela eRussia unbelted, zonke izinkinga ukuxazululwa kuphela esenana ukufunjathiswa. Kusukela izenzo ekhubazekile "inkonzo isimo" wahlupheka olimayo elula Mikula Selyaninovich ngalokhu futhi utshela amaqhawe "iVolga futhi Mikula".

"... Yena lanyakazisa izinkanyezi ebusuku esibhakabhakeni, futhi ekuseni wazalwa eRussia, unina iqhawe abasha iVolga Vseslav'evich. Baby waselala ihora esiluliwe waqhumuka zonke namanabukeni, ibhande legolide. Futhi ngakho wathi unina iVolga: "Nkosikazi, umama, hhayi swaddle kimi, wafaka yensimbi zempi, nezigqoko isandla ngakho ukunikeza stopudovo club". Umama lalethukile, futhi iVolga lukhula ngokukhulu ukushesha imizuzu, okwandisa nokubhala kanye nokufunda. Eminyakeni eyisithupha waphenduka, waya sishaywe, uzamazamisa umhlaba. Izilwane ababecashe, izinyoni yandiza, iVolga futhi ake zonke izinhlobo fun baziqambela: uheshe ngeke ezindiza emkhathini, izinyamazane ngeke sifinyelele, bese kuthi grey wolf. Yini umsubathi lishaye engu-15 ubudala ngaleso sikhathi, futhi ungenzele izenzo ezinhle. Futhi akukho - kungcono udaba olwehlukile ... "

Mikula Selyaninovich

"... Ekuqaleni ilanga wayehamba iVolga nge retinue yakhe kwezintela idolobha eqoqwe, lidlule, mhlawumbe kwemayela, bezwa - uyalima othile osondelene, igeja phezu kwala matshe ushaye ngqo. Asiye olimayo, futhi ayikwazi ukufinyelelwa, kusihlwa is azifinyelelanga, ngosuku olulandelayo befika, wezwa kuphela njengoba ploughshare igeja isiteleka ngokucijile yebo olimayo amakhwela. Bafika ngosuku lwesithathu, ekushoneni kwelanga. Wehla iVolga, olimayo ekhotheme okhalweni: "Sawubona, indoda yami okuhle, ku rabotnichek!" "Hluzeka, iVolga Vseslavovich! Lapho indlela yakhe?"

Long noma, wakhuluma kafushane ngalokho, ngalokhu, kodwa waya egibele abaphangi emgwaqweni omkhulu wamyisa ezisabekayo. Angamakhulu Amadolobha yebo emadolobhaneni ayizinkulungwane yakhululwa, futhi kwaba olimayo - Mikula Selyaninovich, iqhawe Russian. Iba nabangane iVolga, futhi kube kufanele kwaba usuku imimoya emibi, balethwe bahlanza. Futhi idili sasinawo ezibhebheni oki ehlathini yebo - lokhu omunye oludumile ukutshela ... "

Ilya Muromets futhi Nightingale le inkunzi

Iningi imisebenzi Russian ebhukwinitifundvo yeqhawe, kuyilapho ngenhla kubo akunamandla, nokuduma yabo ekhulayo unyaka nonyaka. Ubuciko afaka zezifundo esikoleni, ucwaningo Kwenziwa kubo. Bylina "Nightingale le inkunzi no-Ilya Muromets" nje umkhiqizo anjalo.

"... Nightingale uhlezi manzi-oak isigebengu Odihmantev indodana. Lokho shweza iyona ecula nokukhala isilwane. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwenza ngokukhuluma amakhwela, noma ebhongayo kusukela utshani izintuthwane babulawa, izimbali azure sidilike, ukhuni amnyama kuze kube semhlabathini, ababekanga, futhi ngubani kubantu - zonke amanga efile. Pryamoezzhey umgwaqo amamayela anamakhulu mahlanu zonke abulawa, futhi ezdom ezungezayo - ayizinkulungwane ngayinye.

Dlula lapha Cossack Ilya Muromets, uthatha umnsalo, uqhuba tetivochku Shelkov wadonsa, umcibisholo-hot yokusakaza. Shot of into ephakathi kwe-oki eluhlaza Nightingale le inkunzi. Yebo iso futhi akhishwe, ambuyisela emhlabathini, kuboshelwe stapes kodwa wathatha evulekile ensimini esidlule esidlekeni ngakho ecula ... "