Isimiso sokufinyeleleka ekufundeni

Kunemigomo ethile, ngokusho kwayo yonke inqubo yokufundisa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi esikoleni, esikoleni sokufundela noma eyunivesithi, kunezisekelo eziyisisekelo ezijwayelekile kunoma yiliphi izinga lokutadisha. . Enye yale mithetho yisimiso sokufinyelela . Kuyini futhi kungenziwa kanjani inqubo yokufundisa?

Ososayensi baseSoviet kanye nemibono yabo mayelana nokufinyeleleka kwemfundo

Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi simiso kanye nokwethulwa kwinkqubo yokufundisa kwakuhilela ososayensi abaningi. Lokhu kanye ne- K.D. U-Ushinsky, no-N.G. I-Chernyshevsky no-N.A. Dobrolyubova. Ngokwemibandela evamile, isimiso sokufinyelela kungukuxhumana kwezinto ezifundiswa ezifundweni zezici zabafundi. Ukuqeqesha kufanele kube umsebenzi wengqondo ukuthi abafundi noma abafundi bahlanganyela kulo lonke usuku. Kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lo msebenzi kufanele uyenze umfundi - kufanele amkhuthaze ukuba aqhubeke nomsebenzi, futhi kungabi yisizathu sokwenqaba ukufunda.

Ososayensi abahlukene babe nezincazelo zabo zalokho okwenza isimiso sokufinyeleleka ekufundiseni. Abanye babenesiqiniseko sokuthi kuhlanganiswe ngokungenakulinganiswa nesikhathi somfundi, ngakho-ke ukukhethwa kwezinsimbi kufanele kwenzeke ngokuqondile ngalolu mgomo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi amakhono namathalenta wengane kubalulekile: emva kwakho konke, ekilasini elifanayo kungase kube nezingane ezineminyaka ehlukene, kodwa ngekhono elihlukile ngokuphelele lokufunda. Abanye bagxile kokuqukethwe ukuthi imiqulu esetshenziselwa izifundo noma imibhangqwana iqukethe.

Incazelo eye yaba yiklasi

Umbono ovezwe ngu-I.N. UKazantsev ngo-1959. реализуется, прежде всего, в постоянном достижении границы умственных возможностей учащегося. Kuqoqo ngaphansi kokuhlela kwakhe "i-Didactics" umuntu angathola umqondo wokuthi isimiso sokufinyeleleka siyaqaphela, okokuqala, ekuphumeleleni okuqhubekayo komngcele wekhono lomfundi lomqondo. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi ngasinye lapho wenza umzamo, umfundi esikhungweni semfundo ngaso sonke isikhathi ufinyelela futhi udlula le bar. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uL.V. UZankov uhlongoze futhi wazisa umqondo wemfundo ephezulu yokufinyelela kolwazi, empeleni, ngisho novovovedeniya yakhe ibonisa isimiso sokufinyeleleka ekufundiseni.

Umlando wesimiso sokufinyelela

Ukuqala kokubunjwa kwalo mthetho kungacatshangwa iminyaka engama-60 no-70 yekhulu lokugcina. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho izincazelo eziyinhloko zamukelwa khona, ngokusekelwe esimisweni sokufinyeleleka ekufundiseni. Lesi yisikhathi lapho abashayeli baseSoviet benza imizamo yokuthuthukisa imfundo, ngoba kwakunjalo kule minyaka eyabekwa ngayo ngendlela esiyibona ngayo namhlanje. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa okuhlanganyelwe kwabafana namantombazane, kanye nesistimu yezinkampani eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye, kanye nokuhamba komkhuba wokukhiqiza.

Ezinye izazi zaziqaphela ngokukhethekile inkinga yokwenza isikhathi esifanele semfundo. Njalo umfundi uzalwa futhi uhlala esikhathini esithile, lapho umphakathi unesinye noma esinye isigaba senqubekela phambili yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuba ungacabangi, kanye namakhono omfundi, lokhu. Kuhlanganisa nokulindela komphakathi ngokuphathelene nomntwana. Phela, akunakutsho ukuthi ngesikhathi esidlule saseSoviet, abafundi nabafundi balindelwe into efanayo nakwabafundi banamuhla. Ama-epochs ahlukahlukene kanye nemibono inezidingo ezithile - lokhu kusebenza kokubili umfundi kanye nomfundi weyunivesithi.

Yini engaphazamisa ngokungabonakali ukutholakala kwempahla

Akuwona wonke umuntu omuhle noma omuhle esikoleni. Kunezinkinga ezithile, ngenxa yokuthi isimiso sokufinyeleleka ekufundiseni singaphula. Isibonelo umfundi anquma, noma ukuvivinya umzimba ngesiRashiya, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akufanele kube lula ngaye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukucindezeleka nokuzikhandla kwengqondo akufanele kubangele ingane ukuba inqabe nendaba ngokwayo. Empeleni, iningi lezifundo zekharikhulamu yesikole kungenxa yalesi sizathu futhi kungabi mnandi kumfundi. Uzizwa udangele ngamakhono akhe, isibonelo, ekuxazululeni izinkinga e-algebra, uzozizwa engafuni ukuthatha incwadi. Ukwenza ngcono isimo kungaba yisimo sengqondo somfundisi kumuntu ofunda esikoleni esingahlali - akekho oyoyithanda uma amakhono akhe obuthakathaka eyoboniswa ngaphambi kontanga yakhe. . Kodwa empeleni, kuleso simo, umuntu angabona ukwephulwa okukhulu, okuyinto, kuvela, kuncike kwisimiso sokufinyelela .

Indlela yokuxazulula inkinga yokuzibandakanya komuntu ngamunye wokufunda

Ngesinye isikhathi kubalulekile ukubona ukuthi yini ebangela ubunzima bomfundi esikoleni, ngokuziqaphela ngokucophelela lesi sici. Phela, ukuqeqesha kumele kuhlale kwenzeka endaweni okuthiwa "indawo yokuthuthukiswa okukhawulelwe," okungukuthi, ukuhamba ngaphezu kwalokho okwamanje kuyatholakala kumntwana. Ukusebenzisa le mithetho ngokusebenza, noma kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Phela, akusiwo wonke uthisha onamandla noma othakazelisayo ukubona izinkinga ingane ezitholayo endabeni yakhe. Kuphinde kuthinte inani labafundi - hhayi njalo inqubo yokufunda ihlelwe ngendlela efanele. Izixazululo eziyinhloko kule nkinga nazo zihanjiswe ngabacwaningi basekhaya. Isibonelo, umcwaningi wasekhaya uZ.I. I-Kalmykova iphakamisa ukwakhiwa kwezidingo ezikhethekile zokufundisa lapho umfundi ngamunye angazikhethela yona leyo misebenzi efanelana nezinga lakhe.

Imigomo yokunquma isimiso sokufinyelela

Futhi, ososayensi abaningi bezikhathi ezahlukene baveza imibono ehlukene mayelana nalesi simiso. Okokuqala, isimiso sokufinyeleleka kumele sibe yisigatshana esiyinhloko lapho okukhethiwe khona kwezemfundo. Okwesibili, izincwadi nezincwadi kufanele zicabangele izinga lokulungiselela abafundi noma izingane zesikole, okuyinto yemisebenzi eyinhloko eyisiqondiso sokufinyeleleka ekuthwaleni izinsimbi. Le ncazelo, njengeyaphambilini, isetshenziswe ngempumelelo emfundweni yesimanje yaseRussia. Okwesithathu, enye indima ebalulekile yalesi simiso ukukhomba ubunzima obuhlangene nemfundiso ngayinye enqubo yokufunda.

Indlela yokuthola ukuthi ngabe indaba iyatholakala yini kumfundi

Umgogodla wokutholakala kwento njalo kuncike ezintweni eziningana. Ukuze unqume izinga lenkomba, kusetshenziswa amacala amaningana. Okokuqala, ukufinyeleleka kungabuyekezwa ngokuphathelene nomfundi ngamunye futhi ufunde isihloko esithile. Okwesibili, kungaba ukuhlolwa kwekhono lomfundi noma umfundi ukuba aqeqeshe iziyalo eziningana eziyingxenye yesikole sonke noma uhlelo lwesikole. Okwesithathu, ukuhlaziywa kwekhono lokuqeqesha lonke iklasi noma iqembu lingenziwa. Kusobala ukuthi indaba yokuqeqesha iyatholakala kubafundi uma bethola isilinganiso "4" noma "5". Khona-ke isimiso sokufinyeleleka ekufundiseni siyaqaphela. Ukuhlonza nokuhlonza ngesikhathi esibucayi ubunzima abahlangane nabafundi nakho kwenzeka ngokuthola ukuhlolwa. "ITroika" ifakaza njalo ngezinkinga kanye nesidingo sokutadisha ngokucophelela lokho okushiwo.