I-Mercury (i-mercuric chloride) i-chloride: ukulungiselela, izakhiwo kanye nesicelo

Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ama-mercury compounds ayingozi kakhulu futhi ayesobuthi. E-US, bavinjelwe ukuthi basebenzise emikhiqizweni eminingi yezimonyo, futhi eCanada kufakwe ohlwini lwezinto eziyingozi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yamakhemikhali ekwakheni amapende, ama-fungicides, amaplastiki, kanye nemithi kanye nobunjiniyela. Omunye wabameleli bekilasi lezinto kukhona i-chloride ye-mercuric (II), eyaziwa kangcono ngaphansi kwegama layo lesibili - i-sulema. Ake sicabangele lokhu kuxhumano ngokuningiliziwe.

Ifomula nezakhiwo

I-mercuric chloride 2-valent ikhethwe i-HgCl ₂ . Leli qembu liyi-powder emhlophe e-crystalline. Ngesikhathi sokushisa kwe-277 ° C kuqala ukuncibilika, futhi ku-304 ° C kupheka. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile (25 ° C), ubukhulu bayo buyi-5.43 g / cm ³ . I-mercury i-chloride iyashesha kalula, ihluke ngokungazelelwe. I-solubility ye-mercury emanzini ixhomeke ekushiseni kwayo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-20 ° C lesi sibalo sinama-6.6% nje kuphela, kodwa kubalulekile ukuletha amanzi ngamathumba (100 ° C) futhi kufinyelela ku-58.3%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mercury chloride iyakwazi ukuchithwa ku-ether, i-acids, i-pyridine; Esikhathini sesisombululo se-NaCl, le nqubo ihambisana nokubunjwa kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene. Njengoba i-electrolyte i-HgCl _{2 ilula} buthakathaka. Emini, ikakhulukazi lapho evezwe ezinhlanganweni eziphilayo, le nto iyancishiswa kalula kwi-chloride e-monovalent Hg ₂ Cl ₂ (calomel) ne-metallic mercury.

Ukuthola

Ngamanani amaningi, i-mercury (II) i-chloride okwamanje ikhiqizwa kuphela ngokuhambisana ngokuqondile kwe-mercury ne-chlorine. Indlela yesibili yokuthola i-mercury ingukuqeda i-HgO ekugxilweni kwe- hydrochloric acid (HCl). Ngokwenza njalo, isetshenziswa kaningi kangako, ikakhulukazi ekuvivinyweni kwe laboratory. Esikhathini sokuqala, i-mercury iyashisa emkhathini we-chlorine kuya ekushiseni okuphakeme kakhulu (okungaba ngu-340 ° C), emva kwalokho ishisa futhi ishise ukudala ilangabi elimhlophe elimhlophe. Amapuphu akhuphukayo ashisa njengoba epholile futhi, kuye ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela, yakha i-powder emihle noma izingcezu eziqinile.

Isicelo

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-mercury i-chloride yayisisetshenziswa sokuqala esisekelwe ku-Hg, esasetshenziswa njenge-antiseptic ne-disinfectant. Kulokhu, i-chloride ye-mercuric iphumelela kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo inobuthi obukhulu kakhulu. Iyakwazi ukungena esikhunjeni nasesikhunjeni samangqamuzana bese iqoqa emzimbeni womuntu. Ngaphambi, lapho abantu bengakazi ngezingozi ze-mercury chloride, basebenzise ukuphulukisa izifo zesikhumba. Manje kwezokwelapha isetshenziselwa ukungahlanjululwa kwezingubo, ilineni, izinto zokwelapha, njll. Njengoba lesi sici sinobuthi obukhulu, izixazululo zalo zivame ukuhlotshaniswa ngokukhethekile ukuze kungabonakali ngokungahambisani neminye imithi.

Embonini, i-mercury i-chloride iyasetshenziswa ku-electroforming, ukugcina izinkuni, ukufakelwa kwe-thermal et bronzing. I-Sulema isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwamabhethri, amapende wezingxenyana ezingaphansi kwamanzi ezitsha zezilwandle. Isetshenziselwa ukwesula isikhumba, ekuthombeni, ekufakeni izithombe, njenge-insecticide, njll.