Isidingo isiqondiso yesimo sezomnotho. Esikalini umsebenti wetemnotfo. sinjalo komnotho

Kunezizathu eziningi ukuze isidingo isiqondiso yesimo sezomnotho, kodwa hhayi wonke umuntu uyaqonda kubo. Market mshini control indlela okunamandla ngempumelelo ukuqinisekisa ukubambisana ukuvumelana we amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene. Market okubangelwa ngempela high, futhi ngaleyo ndlela noma cha kuwumthwalo wemfanelo njalo ukuthatha izinqumo ibhizinisi okufika ngesikhathi nekhwalithi, kanye imiphumela yomsebenzi.

Isidingo isiqondiso yesimo sezomnotho ngenxa yokuthi uma intengo emakethe uzobe kwakhiwa bedle kwaneliswe isidingo, abakhiqizi uzokwazi ukuthola ulwazi oluphelele kakhulu yokuthi kubalulekile ikakhulukazi ukwenza futhi lokho isikhathi uzimele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo amanani emakethe kubangele ukwamukelwa of izinqumo ezahlukene emkhakheni inqubomgomo utshalomali nabanye abaningi.

isiqondiso State of the umnotho kusekhona isidingo isizathu ukuthi uma lokulawula nokubikezela wemakethe umane elibanzi akunakwenzeka ukufeza noma iyiphi kubalulekile ngempela eside imigomo, kanye nekheli le-yiziphi izinkinga ezinkulu kwezenhlalo noma kwezomnotho. Nge bikho kokuxhumana ubuhlobo zingavela izindleko engenangqondo ngenxa ukukhululwa ezingadingekile ezidayiswayo, okuvela njalo ucabanga ngenxa yezinguquko ezingalindelekile ezimweni ezimakethe, solvency futhi solvency ka counterparties nezinye izizathu. imithetho emakethe kuphela ongasho ukuthi amathemba sokuthuthukisa umphakathi wonkana angesabi kuphela, ngemiphumela ngokuphelele ezingalindelekile, futhi lokhu luwumgogodla ubuntu babo organic, okuyinto lisibeka isidingo isiqondiso yesimo sezomnotho.

Yini Lalimeleleni?

Ngenxa yokuthi emakethe aluphelele kanye nesimiso sobuntu sokuhlalisana ngokuthula, ngisho emazweni asethuthukile, uhulumeni engenelela emnothweni buyafaneleka. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ephakeme lisezingeni elinjani umthamo production, ayanda kuyoba nokwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi phakathi kwawo wonke izinkampani yokusebenza, futhi uphakeme kunesakhiwo mncintiswano, izici ezingaphezu womnotho emakethe kudinga umthetho kahulumeni.

ukulawula njalo is ukusetshenziswa isethi ezithile izinyathelo ezihlose umthelela kuhulumeni, kanye neziphathimandla yayo lesifunda kanye federal ku izakhi eziyisisekelo emakethe, okungukuthi nemibandela aziwe, ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo, ingqalasizinda emakethe, izinga lomkhiqizo, ukuncintisana kanye nabanye abaningi. Ngokuvamile wamukela ukwaba ezintathu kakhulu emikhulu isimo imisebenzi: ukuzinza, ukungathathi ihlangothi kanye nekghono.

ukusebenza

Izici komnotho emakethe okwaholela ukuthi isimo usebenzisa ezihlukahlukene zomculo kwezomnotho kufanele Lwenza isimo kwezomnotho kangangokuthi kuzoqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kakhulu ukukhiqizwa. Ikakhulukazi, obaluleke ngokukhethekile kunikezwa isimo umsebenzi antitrust, ukusebenza kwawo sokuncintisana emakethe, kanye ukuqinisekisa izimo ezikahle kakhulu ukusebenza izindlela emakethe.

ubulungiswa

Ukuze ukulingana lanamuhla emakethe phakathi amanga neqiniso ukuthi imali eyiphinda okusezingeni eliphezulu babe inhlangano enikeza yentengo kanye nezindleko, futhi lapho waphumelela emncintiswaneni endaweni inkonzo emakethe futhi kwezimpahla, bofeleba netinhlavu ngempoqo nokuqothulwa kwezinhlanga ngesikhathi esifanayo, ongaphakeme-nzuzo labo mina kuhlulekile kule ndawo. Kuphela Kwabiwa emakethe akulona isiqinisekiso iholo eliphilisayo, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu isimo kufanele usabalalise izimali ngokusebenzisa izintela ezahlukene, futhi ukuqinisekisa nokugcinwa egcwele asebekhulile, abakhubazekile nabanye abantu abaswele. Ngamanye amazwi, uhulumeni kufanele banakekele umsebenzi yezakhamizi, ukuqinisekisa sesigabeni lesincane ukusetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa kwencazelo amaholo.

ukuzinza

State inakekelwa nokusimama kwezomnotho, lapho intengo intengo izimo ezolile kakhulu, kanye ifomu eyindilinga is eshelelayo ukuthuthukiswa. Futhi uzinake ukuthi uyazifeza Inqubomgomo antitrust.

Isimo kufanele anqume imisebenzi ukuthi asikwazi eyenziwa ngokuyinhloko by emakethe wedwa. Ngakho, ukulawulwa of monopolies zemvelo kanye nezinye izindawo ikuvumela ukuba anezele futhi ulungise indlela luyingxenye emakethe ezisekelwe.

emazweni ahlukahlukene zisebenzisa ezihlukahlukene isilawuli ubuchwepheshe emnothweni, okuyinto akhethiwe ngenxa isipiliyoni esizuzwe ngamanga umlando. Lokhu kungaba ukulawula izindleko uhlelo intela, eqhuba uchwepheshe okuhlaziya, imikhawulo abekelwe emaceleni, ukwethulwa kwezinkambiso eside, ngisho eziningi nezinye izinyathelo. Ngenxa mthethonqubo ka monopolies yemvelo kanye nezinye izinhlangano zinethonya asebenzayo emakethe, futhi likuvumela ukulawula ubudlelwano phakathi abathengi kanye nabakhiqizi. Kuyaphawuleka yokuthi izindlela kumele njalo olusha futhi olwesimanje, yokuvumelana izimo nezinkinga ekukhuleni Isimo sezomnotho entsha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo akuyikhinyabezi ibhizinisi futhi eyenza izinto ngokuzithandela. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukuba sifinyelele imigomo yokuhlela nezimo futhi emakethe-based, hhayi ngesisekelo ukuphikisa kwabo, futhi inhlanganisela esebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu.

imiqondo eyisisekelo

Amathuluzi wesi yesimo sezomnotho uyivumele ukuthonya umsebenzi nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomnotho ezihlukahlukene, kanye nezimo zezimakethe ukuze kuzuzwe kwezimo ezifanele iningi izindlela ezehlukene zokwenza lokhu.

Noma yimuphi izici ezingezinhle okukhona emakethe umnotho yesimanje, kungase kube esinye isizathu kahle izizathu kungani indima isimo kuwo njalo ziyanda. Okungukuthi nokuvimbela imiphumela emibi nabalawuli emakethe noma anti-aliasing kuyinkinga enkulu obuqalene apharathasi isimo kuyinto umsebenti wetemnotfo.

imisebenzi

Kuyona inikele konke okungenhla, singazibona eminye imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu sisebenzisa amathuluzi wesi yesimo sezomnotho:

• ukudalwa luhlakamsebenti lwetemtsetfo ukuhlinzwa evamile osomabhizinisi yangasese;
• ukuhanjiswa imali ngokusebenzisa okuqhubekayo intela uhlelo, kanye ukudluliswa izinkokhelo;
• ukulungisa isakhiwo ukukhiqizwa ukushintsha zokwabiwa kwezinsiza kusebenza;
• uxhaso wesayensi eziyisisekelo futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwemvelo;
• ukulawula kanye ukulungiswa of ezingeni umsebenzi, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kanye izindleko imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene;
• ngezimali zokukhiqiza izindawo, nokukhiqizwa ngqo kwezimpahla ezithile zomphakathi noma amasevisi;
• isofthiwe Ukuvikelwa mncintiswano.

On the yokugcina kuyafaneleka ukuthi sikhuluma umsebenzi anti-ithemba izakhiwo, ngoba noma yiluphi uhlobo isiqondiso isimo umnotho enzelwe ukuqeda kungenzeka esinakho. I ukubusa izinkampani ezithile ensimini yayo ukuphela nomthelela ongemuhle kakhulu nomphakathi wonkana, ngakho-ke, ukugcinwa kwamakhilomitha sokuncintisana ingenye imisebenzi ethuthukile iningi kunoma isiphi isimo.

Kuyaphawuleka yokuthi kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo isiqondiso yesimo sezomnotho:

• ngokusebenzisa engxenyeni kahulumeni;
• ngenxa umthelela izinkampani ezizimele ukusebenza uhla amathuluzi kwezomnotho.

is it kuqinisekiswe kanjani?

isiqondiso State nemibandela emakethe umnotho yesimanje kuhilela ukusetshenziswa eziningana izinyathelo yesigungu, nemvelo zomthetho okugada, yenziwa abanekhono zikahulumeni noma izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ngenhloso eliletha ukuthula futhi lithathelwe eminye ekhona ohlelweni kwezenhlalo kanye nezomnotho kule mibandela kushintsha njalo.

Kulokhu, into ukuchayeka umsebenzi uzimisele ezihlobene ukulawulwa izingxenye ezintathu oxhumene senqubo yokukhiqiza: ukulawulwa izinsiza zokukhiqiza kanye ezezimali.

Ngu amazinga sabaphathi zesifunda izimpokophelo zesigungu isiqondiso yesimo sezomnotho abazenzi ngezindlela ezimbili: amazinga lesifunda nokazwelonke.

izimiso eziyisisekelo

ukuqinisekisa isu sokulawulwa isekelwe yile migomo elandelayo:

• Ngaphansi kwezimo alinganayo ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele inikezwe likhetha ifomu emakethe yenhlangano kwezomnotho. In practice, lokhu kusikisela ukuthi isimo kufanele iyithole kuphi imali kuphela imikhakha ebalulekile emphakathini ukuthi kukhona alithandeki nalabo abamele ibhizinisi ngabanye ngenxa yenzuzo ephansi.
• ibhizinisi State akufanele neze kwenze umuntu ukuncintisana nezinkampani ezizimele, kodwa kunalokho, kuphela nomthelela entuthukweni yawo, njengoba counter injongo ukulawulwa yesimo sezomnotho. Uma ukuziba lesi simiso ekugcineni bezinhlangano eziphethwe uhulumeni nje uqale abuse phezu yangasese,
• Credit, inqubomgomo yezezimali kanye intela ukulawulwa yesimo sezomnotho kufanele eliqondiswe ekuqinisekiseni ukuzinza komphakathi kanye nokukhula komnotho.
• Isimo kungaba angenele izinqubo emakethe ngokuyimpumelelo uma ine- ifomu emakethe.
• iziqondiso eMbusweni kwagcizelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulawula zinhlekelele kwezomnotho jikelele, kanye izinqubo ezihlukahlukene emkhakheni ubudlelwane kwezomnotho kanye nakwamanye amazwe.

Izinhloso nezindlela

Ukuthuthukiswa wesi yesimo sezomnotho wenziwa ngendlela elandelayo:

• ukunciphisa imithelela ngenakugwemeka engakhi izinqubo ezihlukahlukene emakethe.
• ukwakheka izimfanelo ezingokomthetho, sezenhlalo nesezimali ukusebenza kahle kwemnotfo emakethe;
• ilungiselelo zokuvikeleka komphakathi kulabo amaqembu umphakathi emakethe, okuyizinto isikhundla abasengozini kakhulu ezimweni ezithile kwezomnotho.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindlela zihlukaniswe nenkhulumombiko.

izindlela ngqo, ezisetshenziswa uhlelo wesi yesimo sezomnotho, ngokusekelwe ezihlukahlukene izinyathelo zomthetho nezokuphatha ukuthonya umsebenzi izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene.

Ongaqondile kuhluke ukuthi unganikezi nganoma yisiphi imingcele inkululeko yokuzikhethela kwezomnotho, kodwa kunalokho, kunalokho, ukunikeza isikhuthazo esengeziwe lapho senza izinqumo nokumaketha. Le ndawo eyinhloko sokusebenzisa imvelo kwezomnotho lonke. izindlela ezinjalo wesi yesimo sezomnotho zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa amathuba nezisetshenziswa ezikhona ohlelweni yemali kanye nokuphathwa kwezimali ezweni.

Kumele kuqapheleke futhi ukuthi lezi zindlela zihlobene kakhulu.

amathuluzi

Uma sikhuluma amathuluzi anikezwa umthetho kahulumeni, kwezomnotho, kungenzeka ukuhlonza ukhiye eziningana:

• umthetho zokuphatha;
• uhlelo emali;
• uhlelo lwezimali;
• nezinkontileka zikahulumeni;
• impahla State.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, ngaphezu amathuluzi ngenhla ukuqinisekisa ukulawula isimo phezu umnotho, okuyinto ikakhulukazi babe orientation emnothweni wakuleli kuphela, kukhona futhi nendawo yokugcina amathuluzi ukunikeza isiqondiso kwezomnotho wangaphandle. Cishe zonke iziyisikhombisa, okuhlanganisa imiphumela inqubo ukukhiqizwa kabusha ngaphakathi ezweni elithile, futhi kakhulu ezithinta futhi ubudlelwane kwezomnotho angaphandle. Ngakho, ukusetshenziswa kwabo lihilela ukushintsha inzalo engako, futhi intela, ukwethulwa uxhaso entsha kanye nemivuzo utshalomali ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi kanye nezinye izinyathelo.

Ngakho, isimo inikezwe ngokomthethonqubo komnotho ukuze kuzuzwe elilungile emakethe imvelo.