Isibhakela ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi. Ubunjiniyela inhlolovo Geological for ukwakhiwa

Ngo inqubo ukwakhiwa nokusebenza izakhiwo kutsho ukusonteka, okungaholela ukuncipha kwe-izakhiwo ezintsha. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kubuhlungu ngempela, ngoba esongela ukubukeka imifantu noma isakhiwo roll. Ngakho, ingabe noma ilimaze ukusebenza akhe aqhubekayo. Kodwa kungenzeka ukubala isilinganiso ukuncipha, ukuhlela imikhawulo ukusonteka of isakhiwo isisekelo. Ngenxa yalesi futhi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa nginyathela ngezizathu.

Uhlobo kanye izici indlela

Ukunqunywa izakhiwo ukusonteka kwenhlabathi ungaphakathi ukuthi iziphatha kanjani ngaphansi imithwalo emikhulu static. Badinga ukwazi ukuze sibikezele compaction okwengeziwe noma subsidence. Lokhu iphatha lonke iqembu ongoti.

isitembu ndlela yokuhlola enikeza imiphumela olunembile kakhulu, ngakho-ke ingenye ukhiye nanoma yiziphi izinhlobo be-Geotechnical lomsebenzi. Ikakhulukazi uma uhlela ekwakheni izakhiwo komhlaba noma amabhilidi amade. Ukunemba idatha test kulawulwa GOST.

Indlela liqukethe kancane ukucindezeleka izitembu kanzima, aboshelwe inhlabathi. Ngosizo amadivayisi ezikhethekile, elibukhali umthwalo kubo futhi ukuncipha bazimisele. Kuye ukuncipha we isitembu izakhiwo ebalisisiwe futhi ukusonteka kwenhlabathi.

izitembu Test ngokumelene abathola

Ngokungafani indlela abathola, nginyathela ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi zidinga imishini eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi yinkimbinkimbi ezahlukene. nezinto ezidingekayo kanye namathuluzi ngokuvamile besiyoba sikhulu futhi kube kufanele isisindo eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokuba uqale umsebenzi kudingekile inhlabathi ukuhlola. Isikhathi isici kakhulu kubalulekile: ukuze uhlole isimo inhlabathi ukuncipha, zidinga eside. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, nezela eziyinkimbinkimbi ukubala ifomula ezidinga idatha ethile, ezifana isilinganiso Poisson ukuze inhlabathi.

Yingakho le ndlela azenziwanga ekuqaleni izifundo be-Geotechnical, futhi ngesikhathi esigabeni sokuphothulwa wonke umsebenzi lapho indawo ekhethiwe ukwakhiwa kanye nezilinganiso izakhiwo ziklanyelwe. Kubalulekile ukwazi esiphezulu pre-umthwalo ezingeni phansi futhi ukubala izici Geological ukuthuthukiswa site. Futhi banakekele ukubala yohlobo nokujula amabhukhimaki Foundation. Zonke imithetho ebekwe izigaba ezifanele Standard.

Ubukhulu Die futhi umthelela ukusonteka

Ngo-1930 bekubonakala lwembula ukuthi ubukhulu isitembu esetshenziswa kakhulu inomthelela degree of ukusonteka of uhlobo oluthile inhlabathi. Ngenxa yalokho zocwaningo Cindezela isitembu square zobumba nesihlabathi ayebekelwe ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo. Ukuncipha engashintshwa ngaphansi isimo esayizini isitembu :. Nge uhlangothi kusuka 18 kuya ku-30 cm uma Ubukhulu bayo abaphambuki kakhulu lezi izinto eziningi, phezulu noma phansi, kukhuphuke ukuncipha ipharamitha.

Ngenxa yalokho, izazi zokuma komhlaba Soviet ejwayelekile yokufa osayizi ziye ibalwa, okuyinto iminyaka eminingi zazisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa. Lokhu flat, nxazonke kanye isitembu kanzima nendawo ethize 2.5, 5, no-10 eziyinkulungwane amasentimitha sikwele. Uma udinga ukusebenzisa isitembu encane, nendawo ethize ayinkulungwane kuphela cm ^2, endaweni yayo okwandisa esiphansi ngokusebenzisa izindandatho ekhethekile. Nokho, izitembu encane asetshenziswa kuphela ezindaweni ezikhethekile, ikakhulukazi emithonjeni Rig.

usayizi ezinconyiwe

Nazi izitembu Kunconywa, kuncike ukuminyana futhi hlobo inhlabathi:

• Ubumba, isihlabathi, inhlabathi okuxekethile krupnoobmolochnye nge kwabantu naphakathi -. Izitembu obuyizinkulungwane 5 ^cm2 kanye ububanzi 80 cm IL isici kulezi nenhlabathi ingaphezu 0.25 ..
• Clay nasogwadule olunesihlabathi nenhlabathi usebenzisa kufa endaweni nengxenye ububanzi kufika ku 57 cm. IL Coefficient babe ngaphansi kuka 0.25.

Izici deformability

Nquma nezidingo kwenhlabathi kungaba usebenzisa ithuluzi ekhethekile - pressuremeter. Lokho isetshenziswa emkhakheni ukuhlolwa die. Lokhu imishini evumela ukuba embule izici eziningi nenhlabathi ngesisekelo uhlobo yabo.

Ukuze isihlabathi, ubumba, inhlabathi organic noma inhlabathi krupnoobmolochnogo kuchazwe ukusonteka mojuli. Clay nenhlabathi nge amathuba eliphezulu subsidence ihlolwe sokuqala subsidence ingcindezi Coefficient kanye ukusonteka isihlobo.

Ifomula usebenzisa Poisson isilinganiso

Ukubalwa inhlabathi ukumelana ngemiphumela yokuhlola die kunqunywa ifomula ekhethekile. Lisebenzisa izinga ekhethekile, kuba i zohlobo ngalunye. Ibizwa ngokuthi isilinganiso Poisson futhi kufana amanani alandelayo for izinhlobo ezahlukene:

• phansi Rocky - 0.15.
• Poluskalnyh - 0.25.
• Krupnoobmolochny - 0,27.
• Sand - 0.3.
• Loam - 0.35.
• Clay - 0.42.

isilinganiso Poisson ukuze inhlabathi abathintekayo kule formula ukubala wemfihlo we ukusonteka. Kodwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo kanye nokunemba imishini esetshenziswa, ukubaluleka lemojuli ingabalwa kuphela iginqika. Phela, ukuziphatha inhlabathi compressibility imingcele okumele awabonakali njalo. Ngakho-ke, kuwela ngaphansi imfundiso yokuziphendukela emizimbeni yemigqa deformable.

Nokho, wemfihlo kuyinto njalo, ngakho-ke, emazi, kanye ukwakheka kanye izakhiwo zenhlabathi, ukubala ezingeni ukuncipha yokwakhiwa ngeke kobunzima.

Ngaphezu module ubunzima, isibhakela lapho behlola le nhlabathi kungacacisa subsidence lapho wetted futhi ngaphansi umthwalo ezithile, ezembula izinga eziguquguqukayo esibucayi futhi zibikezela ubunjalo ukucindezeleka ukusonteka ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa.

Izigaba inhlabathi ukuncipha

Phakathi ukuncipha kwesisekelo inhlabathi ngaphansi kwengcindezi, okuyinto abalingisa esebenzisa kufa, ukwaba ezinye izinyathelo ekhuphukayo.

• Seal. Primer onomfutho, esehlisa izici porosity.
• Shift. Umhlabathi wakhona kule yakhoibrium umkhawulo, kodwa ukuqhela amaningi imiphetho isisekelo.
• Ukubhujiswa, ngokuphelele noma ingxenye. Udonga uhlangothi inhlabathi ziqala ukuyeka ukusebenza, okuholela okwalandela ukusonteka izakhiwo. I isiqinti sensimu is abangenamakhaya kanye isitembu, futhi emaphethelweni alo kuvela yesikhuphukeli phansi amatshe. Uma umthwalo phansi kulesigaba inyuka, ngisho kancane, lizinga uhlobo likhula ngokushesha.

Okunye abacwaningi baye baphawula ezimbili kuphela izigaba ukuncipha, ngaphandle ngokwahlukana ecacile. Nokho, ubuchwepheshe besimanje kude phambili, namuhla ungakwazi thatha kalula ngisho izinguquko encane kunazo isimo somhlabathi.

Nenkanuko edlulele nokucutshungulwa imininingwane abayithole

Noma yimuphi survey nobunjiniyela Geological for ukwakhiwa kwahambisana journaling, erekhoda idatha ezidingekayo. Nansi inani ukuncipha kufa ngaphansi komthwalo. Icubungula idatha, kuye ngohlobo lomshini esetshenziswa, kungaba kwenziwe ngesandla noma esebenzisa amadivayisi ezikhethekile.

Lapho isivivinyo kuqediwe, ukwaziswa kusingathwa imibhalo. Ngokusho imiphumela yabo kuthiwa babhala ihluzo, ezingase zibangelwe ukuba nawubuka ingcindezi futhi bafe ukuncipha.

Ezicashile ukusebenza futhi izindlela

Kunemikhawulo ethile e inani ukufaka siqu futhi ubukhulu Borehole, kulawulwa GOST. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqapha ezingeni verticality kahle. Phakathi nomsebenzi Nogange lwawo fixed kanye nobukhulu bezinhlamvu.

Ngaphambi kokufaka isitembu ekuhlatshweni bahlanza ngosizo imishini ekhethekile. Phansi ke iba abushelelezi. Uma surface ngokuphelele flat awutholakali, esihlabathini ibekwe umcamelo obukhulu 2-5 cm kuso, kuye Inhlabathi.

Ukuze bubonisa le uvalwe ngaphezulu nabo emhlabathini can, ke izikhathi ezimbalwa emhlabeni crank oluvala amasondo. Ngemva kokufaka siyihlolisise degree of horizontality, bese kucitsa incenye imishini ukufakwa.

Ukulinganisa degree of ukuncipha Kwenziwa nge ukunemba okweshumi kwe-milimitha. Phakathi nehora lokuqala ngemva kokuqaliswa die inhlabathi ukuhloniphana njalo ngemva kwemizuzu engu-15 nesilinganiso deflections. Ngo ihora lesibili - njalo ngehora isigamu, bese njalo ngehora kuze degree of ukuncipha akuyona uhlaliseke.

Lapho befika ingcindezi ezibucayi uphawu ukubukeka imifantu emhlabeni die noma ugonyuluka inhlabathi. Kulesi isivivinyo kufanele inqanyulwe.

Ngosizo lwezobuchwepheshe banamuhla, survey nobunjiniyela Geological for ukwakhiwa kwenziwe kunoma iyiphi inhlobo inhlabathi, kanye kumasayithi e-iyiphi yinkimbinkimbi. OKUVUMELEKILE ukuhlola izindawo amanzi ezindaweni ngisho kumhambela yizikhukhula. Nge mkhosi ngokucophelela ubuchwepheshe kanye ukunamathela nezidingo GOST test siphumelele.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuba bafeze isibhakela inhlabathi ukuhlolwa oku amathrekhi. Uma imishini imisebenzi iqhutshwe izikhala nzima noma ukugqunywa etilongweni, ochwepheshe zisebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile augers.