Yiziphi izisekelo. Izinhlobo izisekelo, futhi incazelo yabo

Ukwakhiwa noma yiliphi ibhilidi, kungaba sangasese cottage, sauna igalaji, iqala isisekelo. On lokho izisekelo, sixoxa kulesi sihloko. Futhi, cabanga ngalokho uhlobo kufaneleka kakhudlwana isakhiwo esithile, ngisho ngasesinqeni se ithebhu akunakugwenywa ngaphandle okuyinto.

Yiziphi izinhlobo izisekelo futhi indlela yokwenza izinqumo ezinhle?

Isisekelo kuyinto yingxenye ukwakhiwa ngomshoshaphansi. Nakuba-ke akubonakali, kodwa kule ingxenye umthwalo esindayo main ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa. Foundation ezidingekayo ukusekela isisindo umthwalo esindayo izindonga, Uphahla lwangaphakathi, imishini etholakala ngaphakathi. Akumangalisi emandleni futhi ihlala isikhathi eside kukhona ngqo ukuphila "ukuphila" yendlu kuncike.

Ukukhetha isisekelo esifanele - akuwona neze umsebenzi olula. Ukubala kufanele uthathe zibe ziningana izici ezahlukene. Phakathi kwabo, isimo sezwe kanye enhlabathini, izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, isithwathwa ukujula, kanye nabanye. Futhi, umklamo kubalulekile ukucabangela isisindo lwazo zonke izinto, kusukela ukwakha izinto ifenisha kanye nemishini ukuze kusetshenziswe isakhiwo. Izinhlobo izisekelo, futhi incazelo yabo - konke lokhu uvezwa ngenzansi isibuyekezo.

inqwaba izisekelo

Lokhu kukhetha cishe okukodwa kwenani elula futhi izindleko. Yinqwaba Site ngisho kulelibala losebe, kusukela umthwalo kuyoba izingqimba ayazika futhi ijulile. lolu hlobo izisekelo nithela umthamo impela high, futhi bafeze umsebenzi umgodi akunzima. Sebenzisa kubo ikakhulukazi ongaphakeme-ukuvelela ephezulu liphumele wokwakha yangasese.

Inqwaba izisekelo zihlukile. Sami yinqwaba zingafakwa zibheka kwamanzi, obliquely. Ezahlukene nokuthi leso senzo senziwe ukucwiliswa enhlabathini. Yiziphi yinqwaba isisekelo? Abakwazi ngokhuni, metal noma ukhonkolo. Futhi ngokusho degree of ilungiselelo - olulodwa, isiqophamazwi sokulalela, noma yonke inqwaba Amasimu. Konke kuncike inani storeys, isisindo nobukhulu balezi ukwakhiwa esizayo.

strip izisekelo

Leso sisekelo iyona enemisebenzi kunazo zonke. Strip izisekelo ezisetshenziswa zonke izinhlobo nenhlabathi futhi zonke izinhlobo izakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma enikeziwe ukuze kwakhiwe egumbini elingaphansi noma igalaji, ochwepheshe batusa ukubeka isisekelo kuba lolu hlobo ukwakha esikhathini esizayo.

Strip izisekelo sokuxazulula ekujuleni ezahlukene, kuya ngokuthi kobukhulu izindonga asekelayo womklamo endlini. Lisebenzisa tintfo letitinhlobonhlobo: izitini, izitini zikakhonkolo, ezibuye noma namuhla imfucumfucu ukhonkolo ethandwa. Yiqiniso, i-choice kufanele inake enhlabathini, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ezingeni futhi ezingase zivele ngenxa ukubhujiswa base.

pier isisekelo

Njengoba leli gama lisikisela, kuba base zezinsika, okuyinto zitholakala nge imvamisa ezithile ezisemagumbini futhi emhlabeni azungezwe yendlu. Kuyinto kulezi izinsika kamuva egcwele phama. Ukukhuluma ngalokho izisekelo yokwakha ezindaweni ezibandayo, avame ukukhetha uwela esivuna columnar - ngenxa yokuthi awayona esabe ngisho okokuqandisa ezijulile. nenhlabathi amaphaphu kukhona esinye isizathu ukusetshenziswa lokhu base.

Wezinsika isisekelo zenziwa ngezinto ezahlukene, kuhlanganise eziphathekako ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu, isitini, itshe yemvelo, ukhuni, imfucumfucu ukhonkolo kanye nabanye. I yokuntula zihlanganisa ingozi kufanele tipping emhlabathini esithambile.

Monolithic (setshe) izisekelo

Ukuze ezindaweni okusezingeni eliphezulu amazinga aphasi kanye nenhlabathi ababuthakathaka, setshe Monolithic - lesikahle. Bhukhmaka leli isisekelo baqhubeka kulo lonke isakhiwo, futhi nokwethenjelwa ungeze bona ukusungula kohlaka ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu. Okungukuthi, base sise endaweni yonke isakhiwo. Ubuhlobo obunjalo nge isakhiwo main siphinde sihlinzekele ematfuba ubuncane subsidence nokubhujiswa isakhiwo.

Slab isisekelo Liyoba yini ikhambi ephambili yokwakha zokuzamazama ukugadlwa ukuzamazama komhlaba asebenzayo. Nakuba lolu hlobo kuyinto eqolo isikhathi ukuba kusebenze, kodwa izindleko kuwufanele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izisekelo uhlobo Monolithic, ukwenza ukubala kwabo kanye nomklamo kuhle lula.

izisekelo ephansi

Uma umsebenzi oyinhloko lapho indlu - ukonga isikhathi kanye nemali, bese lesi siqalo kahle. Ngemva ikamu labo abiza benethezekile futhi oluphakeme okusheshayo. Yiqiniso, i-multi-storey futhi izakhiwo esindayo, akwamukelekile neze, kodwa ukufaka ukukhanya kuyoba ekahle. Esinye ngokunenzuzo izisekelo engajulile - ikhono sizisebenzise kahle ezindaweni ezibandayo e kanye nezindawo lapho ingozi enkulu zomhlabathi wokuphakanyiswa.

Umuzi ngamunye - isisekelo sakho!

Lapho uhlobo inhlabathi kanye nesimo sendawo kunqunywa, sekuyisikhathi ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi ukwakhiwa kuthiwa ukwakha. Phela, inani storeys, usayizi, izici kwesakhiwo futhi nethonya eliqondile ngohlobo isisekelo.

Izinkuni Isakhiwo, kwandile ezweni lethu amakhulu eminyaka, namuhla kuya ngokuya kuthandwa yayo futhi. Yiqiniso, kudingeka ukuba ube isisekelo izinga ezakhiweni kwezinkuni. Khona-ke yini isisekelo indlu yamapulangwe kuncike ngokuyinhloko isisindo. Phela izakhiwo lokhuni lingakhiwa izingodo izingodo noma wonke, ukuba ngomhlangano noma multi-storeyed, ebhekene izinto ezisindayo, njll Kodwa izinhlobo ezinkulu yangasese endlini izisekelo ezenziwe ngokhuni - .. Ingabe wanqwabelanisa, columnar futhi iribhoni nge lalihlehliswa encane. Ziyakwazi engabizi, kulula ukuba kusebenze futhi kufanelekile izakhiwo engasindi, iziphi izindlu ezakhiwe ngokhuni.

Cottages Small yokuhlala ezithile zonyaka, obhavu kanye hozpostroek izinkuni ungumuntu ongcono wayeyoba yisisekelo pier. Qaphela: choice yakhe ngeke ivumele ngcono egumbini endlini, ngakho-ke cabanga lokhu lapho ukuklama.

yakhipha isinqumo esisivunayo, isisekelo ngaphansi isakhiwo sokhuni kuyoba ukusetshenziswa yinqwaba nesithukuthezi. Ziyakwazi asbestos usimende amapayipi, ukwakhiwa zazo sigcizelelwa nge ukhonkolo yokugcizelela yezinyoni bathulula. Kulokhu, i-akhawunti amaphayiphi kwenqwaba umthwalo ukusebenza kusuka ekhaya. Lapho sibeka isisekelo enjalo kuyadingeka ukuze bayamba amazinga kahle ezijulile inhlabathi okokuqandisa, babuthane ngokwabo amapayipi nokuqiniswa yezinyoni, bese ukubeka konke ndawonye ngezinto eziphathekako.

Foundation uhlobo nesithukuthezi ezongayo nezilula nokuqalisa, akusona inkinga ukusebenzisa ezinhlotsheni enhlabathini ethambile. Uma lokhu akuvumelekile ukwakhela kwesisekelo salo izindlu zombili esalisekela futhi ezimbili storey ezenziwe ngokhuni.

Ngokuqondene esindayo multi-storey izakhiwo sasakhiwe ngokhonkolo, isitini netintfo longatibona, esunguliwe kahle uqobo strip isisekelo. Lapho isakhiwo sayo usebenzisa ngezinto eziqinile futhi enokwethenjelwa, ukhonkolo ikakhulu eziphathekako kwagcizelela, nge yokugcizelela uzimele. Uma isakhiwo multi-storey kuyakhiwa ku ugonyuluka nenhlabathi, akukuhle ukusebenzisa zangaphambi slabs futhi base Monolithic evikela endlini kusukela ukuqhela nomhlabathi okokuqandisa.

Nokufaka - iyingxenye ebalulekile isisekelo

Amaphayiphu kudingeka sanoma yisiphi isisekelo. izinhlobo zayo, amakilasi nezinhlobo, futhi, ukuze uqonde kangcono. Ngemva kokuhlola ngokucophelela lokho izisekelo, kungenzeka ukuhlonza izici ezinomthelela kukhethwa nokufakwa ohlotsheni ashade noma angashadi.

Ezindaweni professional valve lungatholwa ngaphansi amagama abalwazi kahle ibha noma induku, induku noma rebar. aphoyintimenti wakhe - akunika rigidity enkulu namandla isisekelo. Ukuqinisa abushelelezi noma ribbed, kushisa iphuma noma abandayo iphuma, Mahhala ukungezwani kanye pre-wagcizelela. Konke kuncike ubuchwepheshe zokukhiqiza, uhlobo iphrofayli kanye nekhwalithi izinto, kanye nemibandela ukusetshenziswa ukhonkolo.

Ukukhuluma ngalokho okufanelekayo isisekelo, asikwazi ukugxila impahla yayo mechanical, ngamanye amagama - amakilasi.

ukuqinisa amakilasi, esetshenziselwa laying of izisekelo

• A1 - fitting nge bushelelezi (non-ribbed) ngaphezulu nangaphansi ductility okusezingeni eliphezulu. Esisemqoka ngaphansi ukungezwani. adhesion Its ukhonkolo incane, ngakho njengoba valve main alisetshenziswa ukuvuselelwa kwesisekelo. Kodwa awunankinga yokwenze nokubopha Uhlaka main.
• A2 futhi A3 - lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu yemigoqo ethile eminyangweni kahulumeni laying isisekelo. Lokhu nokufakwa ezimazombezombe, okuyinto ingatholakala amatheku futhi nemigoqo. Linikeza elihlangana ezinhle ngemva ukuthelwa base ukhonkolo, enokumelana okuhle, izici eliphezulu kokucindezelwa nezingxabano.
• A4, A5, A6, ezifanayo izici zayo lobuchwepheshe kanye ububanzi we zinhlobo sephrofayela, kodwa ehlukene steel grade kusukela lapho kukhiqizwa. Libuye ethandwa kakhulu obeka isisekelo izinhlobo ezahlukene.

Metal noma fiberglass: yini ukukhetha?

Kuye izinto zokusetshenziswa kusetshenziswe womshini nokufakwa zingenziwa ngensimbi noma ngepulasitiki. Uma ungazange usunqumile ukuthi ukukhetha yokwakha yakho, ayicabangele ngokucophelela izinzuzo nezingozi zombili izinhlobo.

Steel ukuqinisa eyizingqabavu futhi enokwethenjelwa, ukumelana amathonya zangaphandle futhi iqine. Imelana imithwalo esindayo kuka omelelwa ezahlukene amagugu kanye nanoma ibuphi ubude diametrical we induku. I yokuntula yalolu hlobo zihlanganisa isisindo okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ezifweni ukugqwala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Fiberglass ukuqinisa nokushiyeka okunjalo sintula. Ngesikhathi ubukhulu esifanayo, ulula kane kuka metal, kulula ukuthutha nokudluliswa lula umswakama. Ngokungafani steel, fiberglass akusho ukuqhuba ukushisa, Nokho, amadivayisi njenge ukuqeda ukubukeka esasinedumela elibi, "amabhuloho ezishisayo" futhi sandise izici ekuvikeleni of isakhiwo sonke. Kodwa akulona ngaphandle nemiphumela ethile engathandeki njengoba ukungakwazi ukuba afeze umsebenzi Welding futhi afeze eguqa phakathi kwenhlangano.

Efingqa

Ngakho, okuyinto isisekelo endlini futhi yeka ukuthi kufaneleka ngaye, wazi. Manje ihlala yodwa ukuba enze isinqumo esifanele sisekelwe imibandela ethize. Sidinga ancike ulwazi olutholakala ku-inhlabathi kanye izici zayo, i-we komhlaba ukujula, izimo zezulu yesifunda nokunye.

Ungakhohlwa acabangele zobukhulu bawo nezinto kuyiphi esakhiwe isakhiwo ngokwaso. Ngokwesibonelo, itshe nokhonkolo izakhiwo zidinga enabile ububanzi, futhi amandla futhi enkulu isisekelo. Nakuba ekwakhiweni indlu yamapulangwe ungathola nezindleko eziphansi nokwehlisa eyinkimbinkimbi yomsebenzi. Cabanga inani storeys:, ngisho noma izindonga ukukhanya nomzimba omncane ngangokunokwenzeka endlini ezimbili noma ngaphezulu storey kudinga ukucabanga ngokucophelela kwabantu isisekelo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izisekelo kanye izinqumo ozenzayo, base namanje okuyingxenye enamandla kakhulu oqine lesi sakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, ukuphakama okungenani isisekelo kufanele kube-20 cm Cishe lesi sibalo kusuka 0.5 kuya 1 imitha -., Kuye nenqubo eshiwo ngenhla. It is ibuye Kunconywa ukwandisa ezingeni sokungena futhi, ngokwandisa umthwalo esisekelweni.

Satshela wena ngalokho izisekelo. Ukuqhathanisa emihle nemibi ngamunye wabo, kwenkululeko isicelo - konke lokhu kumele kube isisekelo uzokhetha.