GOST, isakhiwo, izici, izakhiwo, isicelo Ukhonkolo wokubacindezela

Ukuze izakhiwo kanye nezinhlaka nabo ntshashintshe ngamanzi kudinga impahla ekhethekile ezingamelana nezinselele imiphumela ezonakalisayo medium liquid. Eyokwakha izimo ezinjalo usebenzisa ukhonkolo ubunjiniyela wokubacindezela. Anakho zonke izici ezidingekayo ukuze operation ephephile insiza nalolwakheke kahle.

definition

wokubacindezela Ukhonkolo kungokwalabo esigabeni ezisindayo, isetshenziswa ukuze kwakhiwe embankments, amabhuloho kanye nezinye izakhiwo, izakhiwo ngezinye izikhathi ingxenye noma acwiliselwa ngokuphelele emanzini, noma oxhumana nabo ke.

Isici of indaba yikhono layo silondoloze izici zayo kokuqala ezimweni nolaka kwemvelo ngaphandle ukunciphisa izinga kanye nekhono timphawu yenethiwekhi. Eminye imisebenzi, ezifana amandla, e vozdnoy naphakathi kwanda isikhathi ngenkathi sigcina ubuqotho kanye nesakhiwo itshe.

ngezigaba

Kukhona ezithile nezimfuneko okumelwe bahlangabezane nazo ukhonkolo ubunjiniyela wokubacindezela. GOST 26633-2012 "kanzima Ukhonkolo futhi okuncane. Ukucaciswa "ulawula izinga yezingxenye ngxube izakhiwo yezingxenye isixazululo esiphelele. Leli ifomu i uhlamvu ngamazwe, kwathatha amazwe 8.

Ngokusho GOST, wokubacindezela ukhonkolo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu eziningana, kuye ngezinga ukucwiliswa ukuchayeka kanye naphakathi aqueous:

1. Overwater.
2. Underwater.
3. Ukuze ezingeni amanzi non-unomphela.

On ivolumu impahla ekhiqizwa imiklamo zihlukaniswe zibe:

1. Massive - bobunjwa eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezinkulu cell osayizi, ephelezelwa ukuqina engalingani nge ukushisa.
2. Nonmassive - design elula ne Ubukhulu ezincane.

Njengoba isenzo amandla phezu into lukhuni:

1. Ukuze ingcindezi izinhlelo.
2. Ukuze izakhi non-ingcindezi.

ngezigaba engeziwe abahlukene indawo izicelo ukhonkolo:

1. Ukuze izakhiwo yangaphakathi (mancane othambekele leaching, ingcindezi amanzi, kodwa kumelwe ukumelana ukuchayeka static).
2. Ukuze izakhi zangaphandle kanye evele (manzi zithonywa ukunyakaza esebenzayo kanye angesiwo agcwele amakhemikhali isizinda).

Ukwakheka ingxube

Isixazululo kufanele nezidingo GOST ngamatshe eyanele ubulukhuni, amandla kanye nokuphepha. ukulawula izinga kukhona zonke izingxenye ezenza ukhonkolo wokubacindezela. Ukubunjwa ingxube:

1. The main ingxenye - yokuhlanganisa. Ukuze simelane nokuhlaselwa amanzi nolaka umphumela usebenzisa sulphate ukumelana usimende. Ukuze AC ezingeni ukucwiliswa ukuthatha iinthombe hydrophobic noma nge ka plasticizing izithasiselo. Kwezinye izimo, le pozzolan, slag noma Portland usimende.
2. aggregate Fine - isihlabathi asebenza ngebhethri, it kwandisa ukumelana aphathekako amanzi. Akufanele kube ukungcola engajulile imfucumfucu - ezimweni ezimanzi ujike kungaba ngokuphawulekayo buthaka impahla.
3. aggregate Maholoholo - amatshe ochotshoziwe yamadwala sedimentary futhi igneous. Lena hydrophobic kakhulu, isithwathwa. Iqembu amatshe incike izici lobuchwepheshe sikakhonkolo ukhonkolo zidingeka ukuba zisebenzise ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ifomu yamathebhu kufanele kube ngobuningi futhi convex flakiness imfucumfucu noma amatshe has amandla aphansi.
4. Izithasiselo - ngcono izakhiwo yesixazululo. Bona ukwandisa ukumelana lokushisa eshintsha itshe, amanzi amathonya nolaka, ukunciphisa ukushisa ngokufanelekile, ukuvimbela ukubukeka imifantu.

I izakhiwo zonke izingxenye kanye nemingcele zabo, ekwakhiweni ngqo yesixazululo ezishiwo isimangalo 3 GOST 26633-2012. Ukuhambisana kufanele kwenziwe kunoma iyiphi ukukhiqizwa, ukuxubana ngomumo uthola idokhumenti ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso.

izici lobuchwepheshe

Indaba ine sebuningini zilwane. Basuke zihlukaniswa ukwakheka kanye izakhiwo zabo, okufanele obladat ukhonkolo ubunjiniyela wokubacindezela. izici Technical zincike sha futhi uhlobo olunjani lwesakhiwo. The main ukukhathazeka amandla compressive, Axial flexural esisuka, ukumelana ezibandayo futhi hydrophobicity. Isixazululo ukusebenza kuyakhethwa sebuningini amazinga idatha, kusukela izakhiwo iqoqwana ngalinye ziyahlukahluka, okuyinto Akwamukelekile ukuthi material inikezwe.

amandla

I sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu isici - ukubaluleka kokucindezelwa ukumelana, kusukela izakhiwo kakhulu kwati emandla umthwalo mpo kusukela ivolumu isakhiwo ngenhla.

amandla Ukhonkolo yokuthumela inqunywe isivivinyo cube isizukulwane futhi ngibheka ngaphansi kwengcindezi. I sibonelo kugcinwa phakathi 28 no-180 izinsuku elapha. Endabeni wokubacindezela izithombe cube yafakwa emanzini isikhathi ukuqina.

Ukuhlola kwenziwe ngaphansi kwethonya amabutho ngokuhlaziya.

Ngokocwaningo esuka umklomelo ukhonkolo ekilasini V3,5 ukuze B60. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu B10-B40.

amandla eqine futhi flexural

Design, okuyinto akuphazamisi umthwalo mpo, angaphansi namanye amathonya - ukungezwani Axial nokugotshiswa. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukhonkolo ukujamelana uhlobo enjalo, it is kuhloliwe egunjini lokucwaninga esibhedlela. eqine amandla Mark - Bt0,4 ... 4.0.

impermeability

Ezimisele endaweni yokucwaninga idayisi-amasampula beminyaka yobudala efanayo, esimweni sokuqala. Ingqikithi yalo yokuhlola ukuba kancane kancane kwandise ingcindezi yokufuna amanzi ukuze seepage yayo ngomzimba ukhonkolo. Ngokusho umphumela itshe babelwe brand ungangenisi amanzi W2-20.

Ukuze ezonakalisayo amanzi asolwandle imvelo, esebenzisa imisindo ephakeme-ingcindezi ubunjiniyela wokubacindezela ukhonkolo ezingeqile kwezingama-W4.

frost ukumelana

Ezimweni umswakama eliphezulu igxile okushisa nge ikhono uthele amanzi. Njengoba yaziwa, ukunwetshwa ketshezi crystallizes futhi kubangela umonakalo empahleni yokwakha, lapho wakwazi ukuhlaba zingene. Ukuze ugweme lokhu isakhiwo wemfanelo e isixazululo ekukhiqizeni wokubacindezela engeza izithasiselo akhethekile plasticizers ukuthi ukwandisa ukumelana ngokhonkolo yokuzigxilisa.

Brand frost F kubonisa indlela imijikelezo eziningi okuphelele ukuqanda incibilikiswa zingamelana Ngokwesibonelo eziphathekayo ukulahlekelwa amandla akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-15%. Ukuze ingxube ukuhlolwa ubunjiniyela wokubacindezela eyenziwa ngokubeka amalahle ngaphansi ngamanzi kuphenduke ice.

Ngokusho kocwaningo hydrophobic ukhonkolo uphawu frost babelwe F50-300.

ngcono ingxube

izakhiwo eqine, ukumelana namanzi kanye frost ukumelana walala esinyathelweni yokuhlanganisa isixazululo on the plant. izakhiwo Special zinqunywa wokubacindezela nosawoti ukhonkolo ngezinto ezihlukahlukene futhi compounds oluyinhlanganisela.

Izithasiselo modifiers zihlukaniswe amaqembu 2.

Iqembu I kunciphisa ukumuncwa amanzi izikhathi 5 iphrojekthi umnqamulajuqu elapha kwezinsuku ezingu-28. Phakathi esetshenziswa kakhulu:

• Feniletoksisiloksan 113-63 (ngaphambili Fes-50).
• AMCP-3 (Russia) sodium Alyumometilsilikonat.
• "Uhlelo Loluguduzisa" (Russia).
• Gidrobeton (EU).
• Addiment DM 2 (Germany).
• Liga Natriumoleat 90 (Russia).
• Sikagard-702 W-Aquahod (Switzerland).

iqembu Ngaphansi enamandla II (ukunciphisa izikhathi 2-4,8). isicelo sayo kungenzeka yokuhlanganisa surface ukhonkolo:

• Polyhydrosiloxanes 136-157M (wangaphambili GCJ-94M) kanye 136-41 (wangaphambili GCJ-94).
• "KoMphathi Commander-C."
• Stavinor Zn Eu Stavinor Ca PSE.
• HIDROFOB E (Slovenia).
• Cementol E (Slovenia).
• Sikalite (Switzerland).
• Sikagard-700S (Switzerland).

Iqembu III angeke zisebenze ukudalwa ukhonkolo wokubacindezela. Izithasiselo ukunciphisa amanzi ukumuncwa kuze kube izikhathi 2.

nezinye izakhiwo

Uma ukhetha ukuxuba ukusebenza ku-akhawunti hhayi kuphela izici eziyinhloko ngokhonkolo wokubacindezela, kodwa futhi neminye imingcele:

• Inani ukuncipha.
• Ukumelana ukusonteka.
• I degree of ukumelana kwamanzi kanye nokucindezela futha.

Akukho iresiphi olulodwa ukhonkolo wokubacindezela: esimweni ngasinye, acabangele Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amanzi, inani wegazi nezinye imithwalo. Ngokuhambisana fillers futhi kufakwa izithasiselo ezithile, okwaziyo ukugcina operation okuthembekile itshe esizayo.

isicelo

Ukubeka isixazululo ngaphansi lamanzi - it unesibopho futhi kulula. It is batheleka esiningi ukuze ugweme ukuqina engalingani kanye ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Ngenxa yesimo obeka umzimba solidifying design ekucindezelekeni ezishisayo zenzeka futhi umehluko ukuthi okudingeka ilungiswe. Ukuze ugweme okweqile kanye deformation kwanoma ukuma, plasticizers kunezelwa ikhambi, nezinhlobo ekhethekile kasimende:

• Pozzolan.
• Slag.
• I hydrophobic.

Ukuze ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo sogu lolwandle esetshenziswa ukhonkolo ubunjiniyela wokubacindezela. sekuyigama elisetshenziswa kabanzi:

• Bridges, izisekelo zabo futhi girders.
• Ukuhlelwa yokugcizelela embankments futhi ogwini izindonga nezimbobo.

• Pools nezitsha zabo nasezindaweni ezizungezile.
• Izindonga manholes futhi imiphini.
• Subway imigudu.
• izindawo Technical: amadamu, iziteshi amandla kagesi, ezivimba.

Ngo kwenchubo ngokhonkolo wokubacindezela kwemamaki ongaphakeme zisetshenziselwa ugcwalise engaphansi nge ezingeni lelisetulu komhlaba noma iconsi eningi esikhathini ukuncibilika kweqhwa nezimvula ezinamandla.